ライフサイエンスコーパス: vacuum

1 egaelectronvolts per c (c, speed of light in vacuum).

2 explored by activation of protein ions in a vacuum.

3 (6)F(5))(3)) or thermal treatment under high vacuum.

4 heating the materials to 150 degrees C under vacuum.

5 system on the interface of liquid helium and vacuum.

6 hoton photoemission from a copper surface in vacuum.

7 een trapped primarily in aqueous solvents or vacuum.

8 elocity is larger than the speed of light in vacuum.

9 torage by a factor of 78 compared to that in vacuum.

10 pitaxial growth and ion erosion in ultrahigh vacuum.

11 bly of two-dimensional building blocks under vacuum.

12 vironment is changed from atmosphere to high vacuum.

13 sure is reduced or the sample is annealed in vacuum.

14 dies at temperatures of finite difference in vacuum.

15 mbient (humid) atmosphere, dry nitrogen, and vacuum.

16 dynamics of a levitated nanoparticle in high vacuum.

17 create atmospheric plasma without an applied vacuum.

18 e, low throughput, and the use of ultra-high vacuum.

19 the influence of performing malaxation under vacuum.

20 and dissociation free energy landscape in a vacuum.

21 amples activated at 120 degrees C in dynamic vacuum.

22 ed by an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum.

23 as well as ultralow thermal conductivity in vacuum [~2.4 milliwatts per meter-kelvin (mW/m.K)] and i

24 oportions and dried using freeze, spray, and vacuum (50, 70, and 90 degrees C) drying techniques.

25 powders obtained by spray- (180 degrees C), vacuum- (50, 70, 90 degrees C) and freeze-drying and to

26 gestibility can be reduced when frying under vacuum (9.9kPa), after feeding Sprague-Dawley rats, whil

27 (DFT prediction for a model compound in the vacuum: 90-100 kJ mol(-1) ).

28 In addition, vacuum activation, which is often used to isolate COF ma

29 od in the FABRICA as functions of augmenting vacuum (air inlet) pressure, perfusion (volumetric flow)

30 tron spectroscopy of microjets expanded into vacuum allows access to orbital energies for solute or s

31 which unfortunately necessitates the use of vacuum and also renders the laser susceptible to vibrati

32 Sensory characteristics of the vacuum and conventionally fried potato crisps were evalu

33 ard setting (Group I, n = 134), with reduced vacuum and flow rate (Group II, n = 137), and with IOL i

34 The welded ceramic assemblies hold high vacuum and have shear strengths comparable to metal-to-c

35 erstanding protein complex dissociation in a vacuum and highlights the importance of individual resid

36 Vacuum and low temperature drying without osmotic pretre

37 igh entropy alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) in ultra-high vacuum and show that it is associated with low friction

38 h 15% of maltodextrin were dried by freeze-, vacuum and spray drying methods.

39 ors because of their low formation energy in vacuum and their frequent observation in transmission el

40 fields could induce phonon coupling across a vacuum and thereby facilitate heat transfer(2-4).

41 se released to the samples and by working in vacuum and under cryogenic conditions.

42 energy of 0.665, 2.650 and 13.893 kJ/mol for vacuum, and 1.089, 4.923 and 14.142 kJ/mol for non-vacuu

43 studies of crystalline surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum, and first-principles modeling using density func

44 olution between windows, sealed against high vacuum, and is shaped such that macromolecular migration

45 r ground state is a simple condensate or the vacuum, and one has to rely instead on excited states, f

46 SIMS instruments operate in high-vacuum, and samples are typically analyzed in a freeze-d

47 ased electronic conductivity through in situ vacuum annealing, electrical biasing, and spectroscopic

48 ess of the use of ethanol, ultrasound and/or vacuum as a pretreatment to melon drying.

49 Vacuum assisted infusion of GSP results in a high yield

50 ability of minimally invasive, image-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) to reliably diagnose a path

51 chnical success than does prone stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy and can be performed in less than

52 d difference of PPV3 between core biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy, which needs further investigatio

53 ty-four studies used core-needle biopsy; 44, vacuum-assisted biopsy; 21, both core-needle and vacuum-

54 um-assisted biopsy; 21, both core-needle and vacuum-assisted biopsy; and four, unspecified techniques

55 ht digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) with that of prone

56 Upright digital breast tomosynthesis-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy has a higher rate of techn

57 psy with digital breast tomosynthesis-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy.

58 Materials and Methods All 9-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsies from a single tertiary bre

59 tato slices were fried in rapeseed oil under vacuum at 125 degrees C and atmospheric pressure at 165

60 ergy of 7 kJ mol(-1), which was estimated in vacuum at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory.

61 ere (conventional), nitrogen-atmosphere, and vacuum-atmosphere on black rice phenolics.

62 in the grains stored under conventional- and vacuum-atmosphere.

63 a number of advantages over more traditional vacuum based techniques, in particular ease of hyphenati

64 Vacuumed bedroom dust samples from the homes of 879 part

65 Vacuum bell treatment is useful.

66 Vacuum bell treatment produced better results in younger

67 Vacuum bell treatment was introduced for 218 patients wh

68 MR-guided vacuum biopsy and MR-guided lesion bracketing were perfo

69 o acknowledge that they operate not within a vacuum but within a society in which diverse perspective

70 mass spectrometers operating under ultrahigh vacuum, but exceptional m/ z resolution and accuracy of

71 r than air-annealed TiO(2) and comparable to vacuum-calcined TiO(2) .

72 ty factors, such as cantilevers vibrating in vacuum, can show characteristic Fano asymmetric curves w

73 This material is prepared by the vacuum carbonization of a zinc-based metal-organic frame

74 Here, combining ultrahigh vacuum catalytic experiments, X-ray photoemission spectr

75 ated lithium with the residual oxygen in the vacuum chamber.

76 ctor approach, i.e. minimizing the number of vacuum chambers and sample transferences.

77 m pipette-dispensed PDMS microdroplets using vacuum-chucked microspheres.

78 erties such as the evanescent field into the vacuum cladding with nanometer resolution.

79 lid surface in water was realized by using a vacuum compatible microfluidic interface and time-of-fli

80 solutions, where glycerol is used as a high vacuum compatible proxy for water.

81 The special design of this new vacuum-compatible liquid chamber allows an easy determin

82 emonstrate that a further development of the vacuum-compatible microfluidic device used in in situ li

83 A compact high-vacuum-compatible version of these detectors can be inte

84 why they overwhelmingly preferred the under-vacuum concentrate, regardless of their age, gender or f

85 components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration).

86 ntrated up to 68 degrees Brix using a triple vacuum concentrator.

87 necessary to adapt biological samples to the vacuum condition in the SIMS chamber, which has been dem

88 order of 100 nm) were acquired under ambient vacuum conditions as well as under an exposure to water

89 to 5 nm gap sizes, performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions between a Au-coated probe featuring em

90 Need of substrate and ultrahigh vacuum conditions for deposition of borophene restricts

91 zed on a noble metal surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions via a gas-mediated surface reaction pr

92 which usually cannot be obtained at standard vacuum conditions) at a high beam energy of 20 keV.

93 on the known surface dynamic behavior under vacuum conditions, indicating that the same dynamics als

94 at room temperature so as to preserve ideal vacuum conditions, represent concrete alternatives, inde

95 storage under air, or 70% O(2)/30% CO(2) or vacuum conditions.

96 translucent silicone membranes by means of a vacuum-controlled, open-access device.

97 mbrane contactor (MC) and distillation under vacuum (D).

98 lectrons from the surface of a material into vacuum depends strongly on the material's work function,

99 the functions of the Na treatment in our non-vacuum deposited CIGS are mainly used for defect passiva

100 sed biternary OPV comprising two individual, vacuum-deposited binary bulk heterojunctions fused at a

101 cells, where the active layer is composed of vacuum-deposited C(60) and small amounts of organic dono

102 of supported 2D or 3D nanocrystals (NCs) by vacuum deposition and of 3D NCs by solution-phase synthe

103 igh-resolution e-beam lithography, thin film vacuum deposition and reactive-ion etching processes eli

104 Here we report results for vacuum deposition of C(60) on a graphene-coated surface

105 (80 muK) and (ii) a microfluidic channel-in-vacuum design allowing cell flow and nutrient delivery w

106 vestigating several purification steps, e.g. vacuum distillation and lyophilization.

107 Subsequently, the process for producing vacuum-dried AM (VDAM) was assessed for decontamination

108 acquired blood viscosity was compared with a vacuum-driven capillary viscometer at high shear rates (

109 d splits (horizontally cut) during microwave-vacuum drying (MVD) procedures.

110 study drying of pequi slices (convective or vacuum drying at 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C) preceded

111 Vacuum drying at 90 degrees C resulted in a significant

112 se in temperature up to 100 degrees C during vacuum drying of XAD extracts resulted in degradation of

113 ace adhesion, along with desalting and speed-vacuum drying steps, all contribute heavily to sample lo

114 ng with super critical CO2 drying, or simple vacuum drying up to 95 degrees C.

115 el were particularly labile (e.g., by simple vacuum drying) is an important step toward identifying s

116 etention of polyphenolics during freeze- and vacuum drying, while inulin during spray drying.

117 ing processing by innovative low-temperature vacuum-drying.

118 r collected by passive sampler and in sieved vacuum dust (<150 mum).

119 as many possible applications, such as novel vacuum electronic devices, particle detectors, accelerat

120 described 2D-TMD semiconductors, measured in vacuum environment after gentle annealing, are oxygen su

121 ibility of the liquid samples with ultrahigh vacuum environment of the electron optics and detector.

122 examined in the gas phase, outside the high vacuum environment of the mass spectrometer.

123 nch-off, and of compositional evolution in a vacuum environment.

124 several noble metal surfaces in an ultrahigh vacuum environment.

125 lf-assembly on solid surface in an ultrahigh vacuum environment.

126 c-pressure plasma, and two other treatments: vacuum exposure only, and using plasma-activated water i

127 be viewed as a linear combination of light (vacuum field) and matter (molecules), thus completely ch

128 h) of pressed freeze-dried (PFD) followed by vacuum-filtered (VF) (11.4 +/- 1.9 L/m(2)h) and casting

129 ressing at 200kN (96% porosity), followed by vacuum-filtered (VF) networks (33% porosity).

130 ed on alpha-alumina hollow fiber supports by vacuum filtration and then transformed into molecular si

131 introduced a combination of wax printing and vacuum filtration to fabricate the hydrophilic channels

132 r electrochemical devices (PEDs) via ambient vacuum filtration.

133 inorganic salts (e.g., NaCl), combined with vacuum filtration.

134 Fortunately, vacuum fluctuations are not immutable and can be 'squeez

135 Vacuum fluctuations are one of the most distinctive aspe

136 at enable the inhibition and manipulation of vacuum fluctuations have been key to our ability to cont

137 Here, we theoretically demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations may be naturally inhibited within bo

138 can be drastically altered by modifying the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in a ca

139 ms to realize strong phonon coupling through vacuum fluctuations, and observe the exchange of thermal

140 Using vacuum fluctuations, strong light-matter interactions ha

141 henomenon that makes this possible is called vacuum fluctuations, which is the finite zero point ener

142 Heating pentacene to 300 degrees C under vacuum for 200 h results in pale golden crystals of HBP

143 The films are stable under ultrahigh vacuum for at least 60 h but show signs of decomposition

144 use multi-facetted cuvettes fabricated from vacuum-formed ultra-thin fluorocarbon (FEP) foils.

145 will be able to detect the long sought after vacuum friction(7-10) near a surface under realistic con

146 Results showed that vacuum-fried dough has a lower degree of gelatinization

147 and higher unavailable glucose fractions in vacuum-fried dough.

148 f 1, Der p 1, Mus m 1, and Rat n 1) in dust vacuumed from nearly 7000 bedrooms were measured by usin

149 arch was focused on a critical assessment of vacuum frying as a technology enabling minimization of a

150 In vitro studies have shown that vacuum frying may be an effective process to reduce star

151 Vacuum frying reduced the formation of acrylamide by 98%

152 r's near-field-that is, when the size of the vacuum gap between the planar surfaces of the calorimetr

153 such as to enhance the flux into the central vacuum gap of the PCW at predetermined times and with kn

154 limetre-sized doped Si surfaces separated by vacuum gap spacings down to approximately 110 nm.

155 ctuations between two objects separated by a vacuum gap.

156 e-based extraction method does not require a vacuum-gap, which is a significant reduction in the requ

157 an seven rings (PAHs) naturally contained in vacuum gas oils (VGOs) act as precursors in the HPAHs fo

158 A total of 18 vacuum gas oils have been analyzed by Fourier transform

159 We employ vacuum GC across the whole column with filtered air as a

160 elocities, and separation-plate heights with vacuum GC in air at different pressures, and we optimize

161 Through adsorptive analyte preconcentration, vacuum GC, photoionization detectors, and need-based wat

162 Various substrate-supported ultrahigh-vacuum growth techniques for borophene, such as molecula

163 ing Ru(bpy)3, emission is bipolar, occurs in vacuum, has rapid rise time (<5 ms), and persists for >1

164 In a vacuum, heat has long been thought to be transferred by

165 mospheric conditions (OHAC) and conventional vacuum heating (CVH).

166 The effect of ohmic-vacuum heating conditions (OHVC) was evaluated on qualit

167 By vacuum heating the hybrid materials at an intermediate t

168 reatment with ohmic heating (as hybrid ohmic-vacuum heating) could maintain food quality parameters.

169 under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) as well as high vacuum (HV) conditions.

170 vacuum lines to isolate pumping of the high vacuum (HV) region.

171 Vacuum impregnation in lemon juice affected the polyphen

172 The effect of pre-treatment (dipping and vacuum impregnation in lemon juice solution), freezing a

173 ined via gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in vacuum in a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer

174 aves the way for the exploitation of quantum vacuum in energy transport at the nanoscale.

175 accelerated, and the factor of insufficient vacuum in FT ICR mass spectrometers with an ultrahigh ma

176 roduces the same high-quality images without vacuum-induced artifacts; it is also less invasive, whic

177 However, only star fruits that were vacuum infiltrated with AFPs retained their drip loss co

178 Many established methods rely on vacuum infiltration of an apoplast wash solution followe

179 The vacuum infiltration of Drimys angustifolia AFPs into the

180 an agroinfiltration system in hemp utilizing vacuum infiltration, which is an alternative method to s

181 r fruit (Averrhoa carambola) by immersion or vacuum infiltration.

182 parent species 2 (3 h, 135 degrees C) under vacuum instead produces an insoluble, nonvolatile yellow

183 a surface, i.e., a topological insulator-air/vacuum interface, have been studied intensely, topologic

184 stems for hydrated electrons near the liquid-vacuum interface.

185 tion microchannel", before entering the high-vacuum ion source.

186 yer, a molecule whose HOMO energy level in a vacuum is close to the Fermi level of the gold bottom el

187 Our experiment demonstrates that high vacuum is not required for energetic ion acceleration, w

188 lizable deviation from the speed of light in vacuum is small.

189 thermal-activation (400-500 degrees C) under vacuum, is demonstrated.

190 tion of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum" (IVDV) on extraction of polyphenols from olive l

191 The resulting aerosol is desolvated under vacuum leading to analyte vaporization and subsequent el

192 Additionally, malaxation under vacuum led to an increase in phenolic contents compared

193 specially the often-questionable validity of vacuum level alignment, the importance of interface dipo

194 A vacuum-like behaviour is recovered, where the exchange i

195 optical lattice within 500 ms; we observe a vacuum-limited lifetime of atoms in the lattice of 27 s;

196 MS and MS stages and (ii) reconfiguration of vacuum lines to isolate pumping of the high vacuum (HV)

197 The cell scalability and potential vacuum longevity made possible with NEG materials may en

198 lood from the micro-channel (4.17cP) and the vacuum method (4.22cP) at 500 s(-1) were closely correla

199 by a combined method (convective pre-drying+vacuum microwave finish drying).

200 hree kinds of plasma apparatus: RF plasma in vacuum, microwave-driven atmospheric-pressure plasma, DB

201 Cephalothorax was subjected to vacuum-microwave (VM) heating prior to UAE using a mixtu

202 Vacuum-microwave heating resulted in the increase of lip

203 ence, combined with IM data and results from vacuum molecular dynamics simulations, is consistent wit

204 This development, however, has occurred in a vacuum of standard practice and training guidelines, alt

205 nd carbon dioxide-water mixture in ultrahigh vacuum of the order of 10(-10) mbar for extended periods

206 , all within a single compact assembly of in-vacuum optics.

207 exadiene complexes, by simple application of vacuum or Ar-flow to remove H(2).

208 ging conditions (MAP), in our case, aerobic, vacuum or high O2, to extend the shelf life of beef.

209 nly becoming relevant for structures held in vacuum or under extreme thermal isolation.

210 tracts, then spray drying, freeze drying, or vacuum oven drying to prepare dry, flour-like matrices.

211 operating at 200 degrees C for an hour in a vacuum oven.

212 changes affect the quality and shelf life of vacuum packaged low processed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchu

213 lated on the surface of ham slices that were vacuum-packaged and flashed with 2.1, 4.2 and 8.4 J/cm(2

214 ing (1 and 14 days) on quality attributes of vacuum-packaged beef from Nellore cattle were evaluated.

215 g low fluorescent light intensity and air by vacuum packaging at 20 degrees C did not seem to improve

216 The effect of vacuum packing and ambient storage conditions on the sta

217 egarding the total metabolites content, were vacuum packing and freezing for intermediary storage tim

218 t of freezing, freeze-drying, air drying and vacuum packing, was evaluated on these potential aroma m

219 owth mechanisms of aluminum during ultrahigh vacuum physical vapor deposition, dense arrays of partic

220 TiO2 multishell nanotubes by a combined full vacuum-plasma approach at mild temperatures.

221 MRSA at concentrations >= 10% of honey, with vacuum-prepared honey appearing to be the most bacterici

222 sion efficiency approaches a constant as the vacuum pressure decreases.

223 zed as near-infrared absorbing materials for vacuum processable organic solar cells.

224 Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable physical effects such as Casim

225 by e-beam to the eC surface without breaking vacuum protects the surface from the environment after f

226 The device employs a vacuum-pumped, Sunpower cryo-cooler (typically employed

227 -optical trap (MOT), in the absence of other vacuum pumping mechanisms.

228 reducing its size and the required number of vacuum pumps.

229 Both photolysis and flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of tetrazoles (1/5) are known to

230 or example, under matrix photolysis or flash vacuum pyrolysis conditions.

231 Flash vacuum pyrolysis of 1,3-bis-iodomethyl-benzene (m-C8H8I2

232 Via flash vacuum pyrolysis, even metaparacyclophanes as small and

233 ew route harnessing a ring-contracting flash vacuum pyrolytic extrusion of sulfur dioxide from the re

234 For example, a direct modulation of the vacuum Rabi frequency is obtained by deforming the EMNZ

235 asmons, polarons, and a phonon analog of the vacuum Rabi splitting in atomic systems.

236 An enhanced vacuum Rabi splitting is observed when both spins are tu

237 owave cavity, as shown by the observation of vacuum Rabi splitting.

238 ered by ultraviolet irradiation in ultrahigh vacuum, requiring no aid of the graphene Moire pattern.

239 , and 1.089, 4.923 and 14.142 kJ/mol for non-vacuum, respectively.

240 ristine form in a low temperature ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope experiment.

241 ntrollable junction of a cryogenic ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunnelling microscope(14-16), we show th

242 A vacuum-sealed microelectromechanical silicon ring resona

243 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high vacuum SEM.

244 lds and/or poor ion transmission compared to vacuum sources.

245 out 4.5 to 45 times longer than the nanosize vacuum spacing at which radiation transfer takes place,

246 s become possible through the utilization of vacuum-stabilized imaging windows.

247 Compared to vacuum-stabilized windows, this window produces the same

248 linking atmospheric pressure and the initial vacuum stage of the mass spectrometer.

249 they can outperform the single mode squeezed vacuum state.

250 ra taken without squeezing and with squeezed vacuum states injected at varying quadrature angles.

251 )/30% CO(2) and total anti-oxidant status in vacuum stored meat.

252 em malondialdehyde (MDA) formation except in vacuum-stored meat, ii) decreased vitamin A levels in th

253 Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) is a low-energy CCS that h

254 gn, the trap electrodes are the walls of the vacuum system and have the minimized active surfaces by

255 e liquid chromatography nor for generating a vacuum system as in mass spectrometry.

256 The vacuum system induced changes in the mechanical and stru

257 e minimized active surfaces by combining the vacuum system surface and the cell surface into one.

258 harmonized FT ICR cell is integrated into a vacuum system with the outer surfaces of the cell electr

259 eas of science and technology like space and vacuum technology and even medicine and biotechnology.

260 High vacuum technology has been incorporated into a new assis

261 e of Cot molecules and Eu vapor in ultrahigh vacuum to an inert substrate, such as graphene.

262 olarization from a ferroelectric material in vacuum to dramatically enhance the TENG output power.

263 lly robust and is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum to form thin films of intact diradicals on silico

264 spot for global biodiversity, we used a seed vacuum to increase dispersal at spatial scales varying f

265 he reason for this is an insufficiently high vacuum to satisfy the requirement of an increase in the

266 oked honey had incomplete wound closure, the vacuum-treated honey trended towards faster wound closur

267 ty second sonication followed by a 10-minute vacuum treatment resulted in the highest beta-glucuronid

268 ally, it can be resulted that the combine of vacuum treatment with ohmic heating (as hybrid ohmic-vac

269 le several families of devices, ranging from vacuum tubes, to Schottky diodes, and thermionic energy

270 anometer large nanoparticles under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) as well as high vacuum (HV) conditions.

271 e a silicon-glass microfabricated ultra-high vacuum (UHV) cell with silicon etched NEG cavities and a

272 transistors (SETs) fabricated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chambers using in situ plasma oxidation sho

273 core-shell surfaces prepared under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions constitute excellent model syste

274 c dialanine with Cu-adatoms under Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) conditions.

275 P layer on a Ag(100) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions.

276 d on a rutile TiO2(110) surface in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is studied with spin-polarized density func

277 stage complicates maintaining the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) needed for Orbitrap operation.

278 bustion pathways of these molecules, tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (in the range 8.1-11.0 eV

279 The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light emitted by

280 n energy, termed OH "super rotors", from the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of water.

281 ysts is achieved by using online synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectroscopy (SV

282 ely rotationally excited OH(X) radicals from vacuum ultraviolet water photolysis, which may be relate

283 via dispersive wave emission in the deep and vacuum ultraviolet, with a multitude of applications.

284 that uniquely reaches simultaneously to the vacuum ultraviolet, with up to 1.7 W of total average po

285 try with electron impact (GC x GC-EI-MS) and vacuum-ultraviolet (GC x GC-VUV-MS) ionization.

286 n of the irradiated sample were studied with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light from a synchrotron.

287 nization (by tunable low energy electrons or vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron radiation) for product de

288 S), with vacuum (VC) and with ultrasound and vacuum (USVC).

289 e via various spectroscopic tools, including vacuum UV photoionization mass spectrometry, absorption

290 Vacuum-UV (6.2-12.4 eV) light may, in addition to photoc

291 namics (AIMD) simulations and molecular beam vacuum-UV (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry experi

292 ersion, immersion with ultrasound (US), with vacuum (VC) and with ultrasound and vacuum (USVC).

293 methods: freeze- (FD), convective- (CD) and vacuum- (VD) drying.

294 with fixed relative positions to reduce the vacuum volume.

295 a reduced cavity volume and operates without vacuum, we demonstrate a promising component of a portab

296 and alpha-tocopherol at 4 degrees C and non-vacuumed were 2.2 x 10(-2), 1.2 x 10(-2), and 0.8 x 10(-

297 e space above or below the speed of light in vacuum, whether in the forward direction propagating awa

298 m jet of liquid ammonia (-60 degrees C) in a vacuum, which we use to record both valence and core-lev

299 actions in the gas phase, in solution and in vacuum, while generating no chemical byproducts or waste

300 eric ions and neat saturated hydrocarbons in vacuum yielded almost identical mass spectra as APCI inv