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1 e produce embryos that are both bicaudal and ventralized.
2 rogenitors in Pax6 mutants are progressively ventralized, acquiring expression of regulatory genes no
3 gion and antagonized its transcriptional and ventralizing activities by interfering with its lysine m
5 because it ensures that the dorsalizing and ventralizing activities of Dpp and Wg are restricted to
8 genes vox (vega1) and vent (vega2) both have ventralizing activity in overexpression assays, loss-of-
9 this transformation results from the loss of ventralizing activity in the developing eye field, and t
15 we used nickel chloride (NiCl(2)), a potent ventralizing agent on echinoderm embryos, on the indirec
16 Thus, whereas both Wnt8 and zygotic BMP are ventralizing agents that regulate common target genes, t
17 e mesoderm is established by dorsalizing and ventralizing agents, which are presumably mediated by th
18 istent with the properties of experimentally ventralized amphibian embryos, cerebum mutants exhibit r
19 with SCL and LMO-2 leads to embryos that are ventralized and have blood throughout the dorsal-ventral
24 ermomyotome involves antagonistic actions of ventralizing and dorsalizing signals originating from ti
25 rates axis formation largely by limiting the ventralizing and posteriorizing activity of bone morphog
26 s of both Medea and Mad (a class I Smad) are ventralized, as are embryos null for the TGF-beta-like l
27 biological effects of BMP-3 oppose those of ventralizing BMPs, but the mechanism for this antagonism
29 is regulated by the antagonizing function of ventralizing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and dors
30 ogenous Sonic Hedgehog signalling activation ventralizes both the somites and the neural tube in a do
34 Unexpectedly, Msx-deficient embryos become ventralized by late gastrulation whereas misexpression o
35 also become L or Ser dependent when they are ventralized by removal of pnr or Iro-C gene function.
37 Xwnt8 in animal caps, (2) rescue of embryos ventralized by Xwnt8 DNA and (3) inhibition of XmyoD exp
42 Bmp4 knockdown was sufficient to rescue the ventralizing effects caused by loss of Chordin activity.
46 en provided that Sonic Hedgehog mediates the ventralizing effects of notochord and floor plate, but t
48 axis duplication and completely rescued the ventralizing effects of UV irradiation through the activ
49 xpression of Tsg mRNA in Xenopus embryos has ventralizing effects similar to Xolloid, a metalloprotea
51 fect germline cyst development and result in ventralized eggs as a result of reduced Grk protein expr
54 tion of eIF1A in spnB ovaries suppresses the ventralized eggshell phenotype by restoring Grk expressi
56 that reducing tsg gene product results in a ventralized embryo, and that tsg morphants specifically
58 by antisense deoxyoligonucleotides leads to ventralized embryonic defects and a reduction of the exp
59 using antisense oligonucleotides results in ventralized embryos and reduced organizer gene expressio
60 nsible for both the loss of pronephroi in UV-ventralized embryos and the induction of pronephroi duri
61 ric mesoderm, as marginal zone explants from ventralized embryos are still competent to respond to pr
63 oss of the capacity to form pronephroi in UV-ventralized embryos is caused by the loss of tissues cap
66 ut activation of Tcf after MBT cannot rescue ventralized embryos, suggesting that beta-catenin/Tcf-de
70 re of early embryos to UV irradiation, which ventralizes embryos and inhibits neural induction, reduc
75 ) superfamily of growth factors, is a potent ventralizing factor and has been implicated in the commi
78 assays, Frzb antagonized Xwnt-8, a proposed ventralizing factor with an expression pattern complemen
79 in early Xenopus development by acting as a "ventralizing factor' and as an epidermal determinant: lo
80 which we have named vox and vent, are potent ventralizing factors in both zebrafish and Xenopus embry
82 1 is inducible in uncommited ectoderm by the ventralizing growth factor BMP4 and counteracts the dors
84 organizer, where it functions to oppose the ventralizing influence of bone morphogenetic proteins (B
88 o these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip analogous to a fl
89 lyzed in double mutant combinations with the ventralized mutants chordino/chordin and ogon, whose mol
90 in expression by midgastrulation, while some ventralized mutants had reduced expression; however, in
96 tized system where subthreshold amounts of a ventralizing Nck mutant were expressed, co-expression of
97 llele (Gli3(Delta699)) can mostly rescue the ventralized neural tube phenotypes of Sufu mutant embryo
98 s to midgestation lethality and a completely ventralized neural tube, demonstrating that PKA is as st
99 7 in future dorsal blastomeres resulted in a ventralized or posteriorized phenotype in which the embr
102 s partial axis duplication, which mimics the ventralized phenotype caused by reduced gurken-Egfr sign
103 ea activity in the early embryo results in a ventralized phenotype identical to that of null dpp muta
105 ing molecular markers indicates that the boz ventralized phenotype may be due, in part, to the derepr
106 Genetic epistasis experiments show that this ventralized phenotype occurs independently of Shh and th
107 Cactus-lacZ expressed in vivo normalizes the ventralized phenotype of embryos that lack Cactus and fa
108 i zygotic mutant embryos exhibit a partially ventralized phenotype similar to dpp embryonic lethal mu
112 ific for this gene (MO2) results in the same ventralized phenotypes as seen in ichabod embryos, and a
113 eover, loss of tsg1 partially suppressed the ventralized phenotypes of mutants of the BMP antagonists
114 ession of eve1 in embryos results in similar ventralized phenotypes to that seen in embryos overexpre
115 m60), and short tail(b180) mutations produce ventralized phenotypes, including expanded bmp2b/4 expre
116 sulted in a range of concentration-dependent ventralized phenotypes, including those lacking a brain
118 naive neural plate cells are converted into ventralized progenitors and a late period that extends w
119 on during the late period determines whether ventralized progenitors differentiate into motor neurons
124 the floor plate of the neural tube provide a ventralizing signal(s) directing sclerotome development,
126 lly, activated protease cascade produces the ventralizing signal, so a distinct downstream step in th
130 ovides genetic evidence for the existence of ventralizing signals in the zebrafish gastrula and for a
132 The ventrally located notochord provides the ventralizing signals to specify the sclerotome, while th
133 ene may normally function as an inhibitor of ventralizing signals, a function previously ascribed to
134 e or reduced levels of the notochord-derived ventralizing signals, as well as to the presence of domi
135 eral tissue passively reads graded levels of ventralizing signals, or whether local self-organizing r
136 lished, the organizer releases inhibitors of ventralizing signals, such as BMPs, and promotes dorsoan
139 y vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta-like bone morphogenetic proteins a
141 at both RA and FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling ventralize the eye, by expanding optic stalk and ventral
142 transcription factors are induced by Shh and ventralize the forebrain through a mechanism that is poo
143 We propose that Fgf signaling, known to ventralize the telencephalon in a Shh-independent manner
144 of Shh in the otic vesicle of ShhP1 embryos ventralized the adjacent hindbrain by inducing, rather t
145 terminal domain were unable to bind BMP, yet ventralized the embryo very effectively, indicating stro
146 , microinjection of RW(d) in Xenopus embryos ventralizes the dorsoventral embryonic patterning by upr
148 of these is Vax2, a homeodomain protein that ventralizes the vertebrate eye field by repressing trans
149 ty of the eggs laid by asun(d93) females are ventralized to varying degrees, from mild to severe; thi
153 oventral axis of the pituitary gland becomes ventralized, with dorsal extension of the transcriptiona
155 EH/eh-1 domain is necessary for rescue of UV-ventralized Xenopus embryos, it is dispensable for ectop