ライフサイエンスコーパス: vergence

1 eye movements (e.g., saccades/smooth pursuit/vergence).

2 nd subnormal, achieving only 56% of required vergence.

3 ith visible or nearer targets despite normal vergence.

4 -ocular signals that is independent of motor vergence.

5 nd the minimum-size prism to elicit fusional vergence.

6 urable stereopsis and an absence of fusional vergence.

7 andardized pupil size for each accommodative vergence.

8 These results map the brain-behavior of vergence.

9 sjunctive" eye movement is called horizontal vergence.

10 ons may play a role in accommodation-related vergence.

11 y for either conjugate saccades or symmetric vergence.

12 ach combination of pupil diameter and object vergence.

13 best focus, with no change for intermediate vergence (-1.25 D) and a mean gain of 2 lines for near v

14 -1.25 D) and a mean gain of 2 lines for near vergence (-3 D).

15 o establish norms and to screen for vertical vergence abnormalities.

16 e/accommodative therapy, without stimulating vergence, accommodation, or fine saccades (beyond levels

17 In addition, current AR displays often have vergence-accommodation conflict in the augmented and vir

18 t efficiency more than 1%, and addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict through our focal-free i

19 users, such as compact form factor, solving vergence-accommodation conflict, and achieving a high re

20 py program was designed to appear to be real vergence/accommodative therapy, without stimulating verg

21 tial for use in future clinical trials using vergence/accommodative therapy.

22 We also measured horizontal vergence after completion of vertical, horizontal, and o

23 ed accommodative facility and lower fusional vergence amplitudes at distance compared to early-onset

24 he model self-calibrates to perform accurate vergence and accommodation eye movements.

25 ction of defocus, which leads to coordinated vergence and accommodation responses.

26 ving in depth on the midline while recording vergence and accommodation simultaneously from both eyes

27 nce cues, especially oculomotor cues such as vergence and accommodation, can modulate the signals in

28 refraction, and assessment of heterophoria, vergence and accommodation.

29 ents undergo a thorough examination of their vergence and accommodative systems so that an accurate d

30 Level I evidence suggests that office-based vergence and accommodative therapies improve motor outco

31 ed controlled trials found that office-based vergence and accommodative therapies were effective in i

32 In young adults, office-based vergence and accommodative therapies were not superior t

33 tric and weak, achieving 18% of the required vergence and employing conjugate saccades to refixate th

34 us is linked to perinatal damage to cerebral vergence and gaze pathways.

35 e examine the neural substrates that produce vergence and lens accommodation, including motoneurons,

36 te of our knowledge of the neural control of vergence and ocular accommodation in primates including

37 ated frontal eye field region is involved in vergence and ocular accommodation, and in the sensorimot

38 se that a nearby region might play a role in vergence and ocular accommodation.

39 ar accommodative facility, negative fusional vergence and positive fusional vergence for distance.

40 lationship decreased when a mismatch between vergence and proprioception was introduced, indicating t

41 ty-driven) convergence and use accommodative vergence and saccades to refixate near targets.

42 ces and the consistency of the directions of vergence and stimulus movements showed that under our co

43 odels assume both eyes are driven by unitary vergence and unitary accommodation commands that causall

44 ositive fusional vergence, negative fusional vergence and vergence facility were measured.

45 ts were placed at eye level and at different vergence and version angles within the peripersonal spac

46 single neurons of the medial PPC area V6A of vergence and version signals.

47 le differences in image sharpness at varying vergences and pupil sizes.

48 mponent of disconjugate saccades (i.e., fast vergence) and conjugate smooth pursuit.

49 movement (saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, vergence) and gaze-holding.

50 approaching objects, the eyes rotate inward (vergence), and the intraocular lenses focus (accommodati

51 ia, strabismus angle, nystagmus, stereopsis, vergence, and subject age.

52 gmus were also affected, but smooth pursuit, vergence, and the vestibuloocular reflex were usually sp

53 eriments with significant effects of radius, vergence, and velocity were excluded.

54 ing distance are strongly influenced by both vergence angle and the pattern of vertical disparities a

55 istance changes there must be changes in the vergence angle between the two eyes so that both foveas

56 chieved 87% to 96% of the required change in vergence angle by the end of the initial movement.

57 these neurons dynamically encoded changes in vergence angle during vergence tracking, fixation in 3D

58 ved size changes mainly as a function of the vergence angle of the eyes, underscoring its importance

59 to compensate for nonstereoscopic changes in vergence angle that arise during natural behavior.

60 are few studies addressing the influence of vergence angle upon single PPC neurons.

61 Vergence angle was monitored for up to 12 hours to docum

62 ndence on viewing distance and covaried with vergence angle, and could be enhanced by the presence of

63 se stereograms, we independently manipulated vergence angle, horizontal and vertical disparity gradie

64 w, signalling forwards motion, increases the vergence angle, whereas centripetal flow decreases the v

65 pensatory eye movements depended strongly on vergence angle.

66 roximately 20-fold weaker than the effect of vergence angle.

67 ngle, whereas centripetal flow decreases the vergence angle.

68 h eye's horizontal position as a function of vergence angle.

69 y evidence of disparity-dependent changes in vergence angle.

70 scopic information over a range of potential vergence angles.

71 The precision of stereopsis and vergence are ultimately limited by internal binocular di

72 The sensory control signals for vergence arise from multiple visual cues, two of which,

73 cate that frontal and parietal cortex govern vergence as a component of three-dimensional gaze.

74 to be explained and questions the utility of vergence as an absolute distance cue.

75 ted, by analogy with horizontal and vertical vergence, as reflecting so-called phoria adaptation for

76 tance and near phoria with positive fusional vergence at both distance and near demonstrated a more r

77 , step vergence testing of positive fusional vergence at distance (AUC = 0.71, P < 0.01) and near (AU

78 es also demonstrated lower negative fusional vergence at distance (break: 7.0 +/- 5.5 vs 10.0 +/- 4.0

79 /- 4.0 PD, p = 0.005;) and positive fusional vergence at distance (break: 9.0 +/- 8.0 vs 12.0 +/- 11.

80 near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence at near, vergence facility, net change in the m

81 It has greater accuracy than traditional vergence-based IOL power calculation formulas in eyes wi

82 ormal monkeys, but had a minor effect on the vergence behavior of the strabismic animals.

83 Their vergence behavior resembles that in esotropic humans.

84 These neurons are termed saccade-vergence burst neurons (SVBNs) to maintain consistency w

85 participation in the near response providing vergence but also reflects their differing functional ro

86 Monocular viewing (i.e., accommodative vergence) caused substantial reductions in both converge

87 Binocularity was assessed by disparity vergence (central and peripheral stimuli) and depth disc

88 The sustained accommodative and vergence characteristics of participants without refract

89 The results challenge existing unitary vergence command theories, and causal accommodation-verg

90 ements as the superposition of conjugate and vergence commands.

91 whose activity is correlated solely with the vergence component of disjunctive saccades and, based on

92 ements result in disjunctive saccades with a vergence component that is much faster than that generat

93 eye movements with appropriate versional and vergence components.

94 onse amplitude for the step change in target vergence declined with age, and substantial differences

95 ve disorders); 4 (5%) had both a nonspecific vergence dysfunction and accommodation deficits; 2 (3%)

96 ssociated dry eye, decreased blink rate, and vergence dysfunction, and progressive supranuclear palsy

97 The slow fusional system optimizes vergence effort and is assessed by measuring the phoria

98 Finally, terminators drive vergence even when the aperture is defined by a texture

99 20 degrees of gaze, S1's NAFX variation with vergence exhibited hysteresis, higher during divergence

100 portant for the rapid involuntary control of vergence eye movements (eye movements that bring the ima

101 then consider the sensory stimuli that drive vergence eye movements and lens accommodation and descri

102 arnivores, their lack of disparity-dependent vergence eye movements and wide neuronal representation

103 We find that both rapid saccades and slow vergence eye movements are continuously recalibrated ind

104 These vergence eye movements are still evident when the observ

105 ationship between phoria and the dynamics of vergence eye movements as described by the ratio of conv

106 We found that vergence eye movements can be evoked using microstimulat

107 ith normal binocular vision while performing vergence eye movements compared to sustained gaze fixati

108 e measured, in human subjects, the reflexive vergence eye movements elicited by the sudden presentati

109 in driving horizontal vergence, we recorded vergence eye movements from ten observers in response to

110 ast sensitivity of vertical disparity-driven vergence eye movements in response to bandwidth filtered

111 Disparity vergence eye movements in response to identical step sti

112 These combined saccade-vergence eye movements result in disjunctive saccades wi

113 jects at different distances, humans rely on vergence eye movements to appropriately converge or dive

114 duced motion parallax is sufficient to drive vergence eye movements under both monocular and binocula

115 matically vary relative eye positions or use vergence eye movements when presented with different dis

116 n elicit appropriately directed (horizontal) vergence eye movements with ultra-short latencies (rough

117 timuli induce robust short-latency reflexive vergence eye movements, initially in the direction ortho

118 he frontal eye fields (FEF) while initiating vergence eye movements, the inward and outward rotation

119 ll known that the CD cue triggers horizontal vergence eye movements, the role of the IOVD cue has onl

120 Together with its close ally, vergence eye movements, this mechanism also ensures that

121 eurons may play other roles, such as guiding vergence eye movements.

122 than that generated during smooth, symmetric vergence eye movements.

123 f monocular saccade amplitudes and binocular vergence eye movements.

124 ., divergence neurons) their activity during vergence eye movements.

125 al signals that are suitable for controlling vergence eye movements.

126 by other factors (such as uncertainty about vergence eye position).

127 Vergence facility and the rate of phoria adaptation may

128 nal vergence, negative fusional vergence and vergence facility were measured.

129 The rate of phoria adaptation and vergence facility were significantly greater (p < 0.03)

130 ergence, positive fusional vergence at near, vergence facility, net change in the magnitude of phoria

131 ity and lower negative and positive fusional vergence for distance compared to early-onset myopic ind

132 tive fusional vergence and positive fusional vergence for distance.

133 r motility analysis, fusional amplitude (FA) vergence for near and for distance, Bagolini striated gl

134 then calculate the IOL power with a modified vergence formula obtained before refractive surgery.

135 and calculated the IOL power with a modified vergence formula.

136 ive aberrometry corresponds well with modern vergence formulas, including the Barrett Universal II, H

137 berrometry performed better than traditional vergence formulas, including the Haigis, HofferQ, Hollad

138 accuracy and stability of accommodative and vergence functions in children with and without hyperopi

139 The discovery of vergence hysteresis may reflect pulley movement and migh

140 The aim is to re-interpret disorders of vergence in the light of recent studies that view disjun

141 ations of defocus due to variation of target vergence in three-dimensional scenes.

142 In single cells, version and vergence influenced the discharge with variable time cou

143 However, increased accommodative and vergence instabilities were associated with total accomm

144 Younger age and nystagmus increased FI and vergence instability (P < .05) but did not affect the in

145 FI and vergence instability were quantified as the bivariate co

146 viewing, the FI of fellow and amblyopic eye, vergence instability, and inter-ocular FI ratios were le

147 cleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in saccade-vergence interaction.

148 Interpretation of disorders of vergence is aided by applying a scheme in which their co

149 We hypothesize that flow-induced vergence is but one of a family of rapid ocular reflexes

150 es were also recorded between these stimulus vergence levels for calibration purposes and to measure

151 e command theories, and causal accommodation-vergence linkage.

152 Vergence may also enable gaze shifts in saccadic palsy.

153 Distance and near positive fusional vergence measured by step vergence testing also have sig

154 h the RAF (Royal Air Force accommodation and vergence measurement) rule.

155 ions IOVD cues provided very little input to vergence mechanisms.

156 e (i.e., integrated control of conjugate and vergence motion).

157 saccades, are inhibited during the sustained vergence movement that follows the saccadic component of

158 h oddball stimuli required a different-sized vergence movement.

159 ler paradigm) stimulates a combined saccadic-vergence movement.

160 e, thus requiring asymmetrical post-saccadic vergence movement.

161 nt, minimizing the need for large corrective vergence movements at the end of saccades.

162 To determine whether anticipatory vergence movements depended on a memory of prior stimuli

163 Combined saccadic-vergence movements induced these oscillations twice as o

164 The speed of anticipatory vergence movements is affected by stimulus amplitude.

165 Anticipatory vergence movements occur commonly in response to predict

166 , we find that Drosophila perform binocular, vergence movements of their retinas-which could enhance

167 which target presentation was unpredictable, vergence movements preceded stimuli in only approximatel

168 d some anticipatory responses, consisting of vergence movements that preceded target jumps, accompani

169 es and head, the interaction of saccadic and vergence movements, and cognitive processes influencing

170 ained alignment, whereas the other five made vergence movements.

171 STS that is modulated almost exclusively by vergence movements.

172 near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence, negative fusional vergence and vergence facili

173 ments are derived from separate saccadic and vergence neural commands that control both eyes or from

174 We also measured vergence noise and bias using the Nonius line technique.

175 In contrast, vergence noise and bias were comparable in the two group

176 heoretical analysis of the accommodation and vergence oculomotor systems with a view to understanding

177 that the best visual acuity was reached at a vergence of 0.00D.

178 ded with the subject viewing the target at a vergence of 4 D, and dynamic step responses were measure

179 odation responses to a blur-only target with vergences of 0 to 4.5 D were measured with an optometer.

180 Few neurons were modulated by version or vergence only, while the majority of cells were affected

181 ed for 100-ms, which prevents involvement of vergence or monocular depth cues.

182 mine whether the ability to modify disparity vergence or phoria was correlated to PALs adaptation.

183 ients seeking to optimize vision at specific vergences or lighting conditions.

184 to assess and compare the accommodation and vergence parameters in early and late-onset myopic adult

185 Accommodation and vergence parameters such as the amplitude of accommodati

186 ignificant correlations are observed between vergence peak velocity and right cuneus functional activ

187 y the interactions among baseline phoria and vergence peak velocity ratio, adapted phoria and vergenc

188 ence peak velocity ratio, adapted phoria and vergence peak velocity ratio, baseline and adapted phori

189 pted phoria were significantly correlated to vergence peak velocity ratio.

190 divergence average peak velocity, termed the vergence peak velocity ratio.

191 red after decompensation to diplopia, during vergence range assessment.

192 he experimental design was to use a stimulus vergence range that lay within the amplitude of accommod

193 prism (using the Mallett Unit) and fusional vergence reserves (using a prism bar) were measured in 5

194 base in aligning prism (Exo FD) and fusional vergence reserves supports the notion that both measures

195 is study was to investigate whether fusional vergence reserves, measured routinely by both orthoptist

196 ies of the left-eye, right-eye, and combined vergence response evoked from symmetrical 2 degrees , 4

197 es (anticorrelation), both components of the vergence response reverse sign.

198 e both determined by psychophysical methods: vergence responses by dichoptic nonius alignment and sen

199 lysis indicated that both normal and adapted vergence responses contained two major components.

200 y approximately 2% of trials; for the group, vergence responses followed target presentation after a

201 lonus-myoclonus syndrome, comparing saccadic-vergence responses to the Muller paradigm with conjugate

202 The magnitude of accommodative and vergence responses was not related to refractive error (

203 - and persaccadic components of anticipatory vergence responses were greater when the near target was

204 information from motion parallax, transient vergence responses were observed.

205 , with central fusion stimuli, the disparity vergence responses were relative to the subjective angle

206 The microstrabismic subjects' disparity vergence responses with peripheral fusion stimuli were c

207 s of these movements are influenced by prior vergence responses, indicating that they depend on worki

208 sed instabilities in their accommodative and vergence responses, which may adversely impact their vis

209 Future oculomotor models of vergence should incorporate phoria within the design.

210 Furthermore, we find that the noise in the vergence signal needed to account for human distance und

211 Alternatively, there have been reports that vergence signals from the eyes might also be important.

212 25 Hz while the modulation of horizontal and vergence slow phase velocity was greater at 0.5 Hz.

213 performance, including predictive saccades, vergence smooth pursuit, and optokinetic nystagmus, was

214 of movement type, and provide evidence for a vergence-specific area within dorsomedial STS.

215 nalysis (ICA) has been used to decompose the vergence step response into these underlying components.

216 Phoria and vergence step responses were recorded.

217 based component decomposition was applied to vergence step-response data sets in both normal and adap

218 Phoria was modified in two experiments: vergence steps located at different initial positions an

219 The change in phoria induced by the vergence steps or a sustained fixation task was independ

220 Although a disparity vergence stimulus produces a smooth exponential-like res

221 ol a certain amount of fusional stress (e.g. vergences stress of 10PD, when recovery is 8PD, will per

222 nship between the mVEP response and fusional vergence suggests that the mVEP response is an objective

223 Eastern Taiwan's double-vergence suture zone, where the Philippine Sea Plate sub

224 Other recent experiments have shown that the vergence system is capable of rapidly modifying its dyna

225 active explanations, such as the role of the vergence system, deserve further study.

226 amining the fast and slow fusional disparity vergence systems.

227 positive fusional vergence measured by step vergence testing also have significant predictive value.

228 ea Under Curve [AUC] = 0.96, P < 0.01), step vergence testing of positive fusional vergence at distan

229 ommodation, increased ratio of accommodative vergence to accommodation, and relative divergence insuf

230 sec were applied to explore speeds from slow vergence to saccades.

231 horizontal strabismus, possibly by altering vergence tone in extraocular muscle.

232 An analysis of the slopes of the vergence traces and the consistency of the directions of

233 lly encoded changes in vergence angle during vergence tracking, fixation in 3D space and the slow bin

234 Data suggest that vergence training improves the symmetry between the left

235 agement strategies such as accommodative and vergence training in late-onset myopia.

236 SOP and suggest a possible role for vertical vergence training in reducing deviations and thus the am

237 This study also evaluated whether vergence training influenced convergence peak velocity a

238 Ultimately, vertical vergence training may provide an adjunct or alternative

239 After vergence training, the CI subjects' left-eye and right-e

240 Four of the CI subjects participated in vergence training.

241 Three-year-olds also generated reflex vergence tuning functions peaking at approximately 2 of

242 us (OKN), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and vergence using video-oculography or Skalar search coils

243 ss of neuron exists to generate the enhanced vergence velocities observed during disjunctive saccades

244 , 5-year-olds generated an adult-like reflex vergence velocity tuning function peaking at 2 of dispar

245 st of spikes that are highly correlated with vergence velocity.

246 l disparity that can be fused with disparity vergence (vertical-fusion amplitude or VFA), varies with

247 es a modulation of horizontal (conjugate and vergence), vertical, and torsional eye movements.

248 Vergence-vestibular interaction has been further delinea

249 n of large heterophoria by vertical fusional vergence (VFV).

250 Vertical fusional vergence was accompanied by a cycloversion, with the dow

251 The relationship between accommodation and vergence was not significant in both tasks (P > 0.05).

252 eyes first landed near the eccentric target, vergence was quite consistent with the natural-disparity

253 ween motion VEP symmetry and normal fusional vergence was significant (P < 0.01).

254 on of CD and IOVD cues in driving horizontal vergence, we recorded vergence eye movements from ten ob

255 ear ophthalmoplegia (INO) may have preserved vergence, which can be recruited to compensate for loss

256 vergence, near phoria, and positive fusional vergence will be taken at baseline, one month later, and

257 We discuss the interaction of vergence with saccades to produce high-speed shifts in g

258 Most natural eye movements combine vergence with saccades, pursuit and vestibular eye movem