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1 mes for insertion of the reverse-transcribed viral DNA.
2 e infected cells in S phase to replicate the viral DNA.
3 leotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA.
4 creased the nonintact fraction of persistent viral DNA.
5 ning (NHEJ) repair, enhance amplification of viral DNA.
6 ly plays a direct role in replication of the viral DNA.
7 transcription for conversion of the pgRNA to viral DNA.
8 her an IN tetramer or octamer assembled with viral DNA.
9 ning (NHEJ) repair restrict amplification of viral DNA.
10 release monomeric genomes from concatemeric viral DNA.
11 rotein L2, which remains in complex with the viral DNA.
12 to nucleosomes arrayed on both cellular and viral DNA.
13 hesis and to stabilize NCs containing mature viral DNA.
14 bited A3G and A3B mutational activity on HBV viral DNA.
15 pM in LRET assays of human immunodeficiency viral DNA.
16 owerful means to rapidly degrade replicating viral DNA.
17 here are few studies of endogenous repair of viral DNA.
18 via deamination of newly reverse-transcribed viral DNA.
19 cles via one-dimensional diffusion along the viral DNA.
20 ct as a pro- or antiviral effector targeting viral DNA.
21 ackaging either its 8 kilobase genome or non-viral DNA.
22 nd localizes to nuclear domains that contain viral DNA.
23 or the chromatinization of newly synthesized viral DNA.
24 vicinity, resulting in the nuclear entry of viral DNA.
25 inhibition of 2-LTR but not linear forms of viral DNA.
26 e DNase hypersensitive site, in unintegrated viral DNA.
27 imated 1:2 ratio of intact provirus to total viral DNA.
28 iltrate new viruses and prevent synthesis of viral DNA.
29 on size and the fragmentation of circulating viral DNA.
30 mploy RNA-guided nucleases to destroy phage (viral) DNA.
31 igonucleotides, we demonstrate that both the viral DNA +1 and -1 bases, which flank the 3'-processing
32 otein: an HD nuclease domain (which degrades viral DNA)(1,2) and a cyclase domain (which synthesizes
33 ed the persistence of a nuclear reservoir of viral DNA, although cytoplasmic DNA was effectively depl
34 V early genes are expressed independently of viral DNA amplification, and several early gene products
35 d as a sensor of intracellular bacterial and viral DNA and a promising adjuvant target in innate immu
38 ses the designated segment of the integrated viral DNA and consequently suppresses viral expression.
39 3H influences recognition and deamination of viral DNA and describe two possible routes by which APOB
45 nnects capsid stability to innate sensing of viral DNA and reveals naturally occurring phenotypic var
46 ed enzyme kinetic parameters of cellular and viral DNA and RNA polymerases with respect to cellular l
47 significant roles in the replication of the viral DNA and the production of progeny virions in HEK29
48 n sensory and autonomic neurons, we analyzed viral DNA and the production of viral progeny after trea
50 equired to maintain full Pol II occupancy on viral DNA and to promote elongation on late genes later
51 made them a substantial source of persistent viral DNA (approximately 50% of the total CD4(+) T cell
52 cules packaged in the virion first deaminate viral DNA as monomers before dimerizing to form multiple
53 icantly affected the levels of extracellular viral DNA as well as intracellular reverse transcription
54 -integration complex (PIC) that contains the viral DNA as well as several cellular and HIV proteins,
56 clear envelope breakdown during mitosis, the viral DNA associates with condensed chromosomes utilizin
59 f HIV-1 integrase is critical for productive viral DNA binding through specific contacts with the vir
61 the chromatin of host cells to integrate the viral DNA, but before this crucial event, they must reac
62 ons exhibited massive GG/AG mutations in pol viral DNA, but in viral RNA, there were no fixed mutatio
64 ecific event, indicating that recognition of viral DNA by the DDR does not necessarily result in acti
68 t that pUL33 is necessary for one of the two viral DNA cleavage events required to release individual
70 r time to viral reactivation, and lower peak viral DNA concentrations, particularly for EBV and VZV.
71 tment with a Pyk2 kinase inhibitor increased viral DNA content in keratinocytes that maintain viral e
72 nally expanded; in some cases the integrated viral DNA contributes to the clonal expansion of the inf
73 ge response (DDR) to prevent severe host and viral DNA damage that impairs viral production by an unk
74 repair factors, such as Pol eta, to sites of viral DNA damage via BPLF1, thereby allowing for efficie
75 e gave rise to secondary cSCCs, which lacked viral DNA, demonstrating that maintenance of the maligna
79 f primary virus replication and the level of viral DNA during latency, and neither was an indicator o
81 individual prokaryotes maintain cassettes of viral DNA elements called spacers as a memory of past in
82 TIs tightly bind the divalent metal ions and viral DNA end after 3' processing, displacing from the i
84 e functional deltaretroviral IN assembled on viral DNA ends and bound to the B56gamma subunit of its
85 re integrase dimers, which interact with the viral DNA ends and structurally mimic the integrase tetr
86 e also generated through the ligation of the viral DNA ends by the host cell's nonhomologous DNA end-
87 , in which a pair of integrase dimers engage viral DNA ends for catalysis while another pair of non-c
90 ct was not due to the formation of defective viral DNA ends or a delay in integration, suggesting tha
91 o integrase activities: 3'-processing of the viral DNA ends, followed by the strand transfer of the p
92 variation in eBL tumorigenesis, we improved viral DNA enrichment methods and generated a total of 98
94 meric DNA, which is cleaved into unit length viral DNA for packaging into the infectious virions.
97 rtantly, this capsule protects the sensitive viral DNA from degrading in sunlight, but dissolves in t
98 ear actin filaments that spatially segregate viral DNA from inactive histones and host DNA, maximizin
100 sid protein has a critical role in releasing viral DNA from NPC-bound capsids.IMPORTANCE Herpes simpl
101 er ART discontinuation with near full-length viral DNA from peripheral blood and lymph node mononucle
103 of infectious virus, and maintenance of the viral DNA genome in endless configuration, consistent wi
104 ocapsid providing a confined space where the viral DNA genome is synthesized via reverse transcriptio
105 e a viral protein that binds specifically to viral DNA genomes and tethers them to host mitotic chrom
106 in these four participants, the majority of viral DNA genomes are intact, lack APOBEC-3G/F-associate
107 RTANCE Replication intermediates and ends of viral DNA genomes can be recognized by the cellular DNA
109 and extended treatment duration, persistent viral DNA has been shown to be dominated by nonfunctiona
112 feres with capsid-mediated nuclear import of viral DNA, HIV particle production and ordered capsid as
113 c regions, which direct Cas9 cleavage of the viral DNA immediately after infection, provide better im
114 release individual genomes from concatemeric viral DNA.IMPORTANCE This paper shows a role for pUL33 i
116 most studies have focused on the presence of viral DNA in BC; however there are important gaps in evi
117 rrent malaria infection had higher levels of viral DNA in blood (p = 0.031) compared to malaria uninf
118 a delay in onset of clinical signs and less viral DNA in blood samples and nasal secretions was obse
119 mRNA and is essential for replication of the viral DNA in both transfected HEK293 and infected HAE ce
121 stimulation resulted in decreased levels of viral DNA in lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and impro
123 used to assess the intactness of persistent viral DNA in NHPs.IMPORTANCE Molecularly defining the vi
124 At the intrahost level, deep sequencing of viral DNA in original clinical samples from dogs and oth
125 t appear to trigger cGAS-mediated sensing of viral DNA in T cells, possibly by revealing viral DNA of
126 y virus replication in the eye, the level of viral DNA in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) during latency,
127 rrent malaria infection had higher levels of viral DNA in their blood (P = .031), compared to uninfec
129 chnique can be used to directly screen other viral DNAs in various human biological samples at the si
131 ither affecting the cellular genes where the viral DNA integrated to or altering the expression or fu
132 viral cores in living infected cells through viral DNA integration and proviral DNA transcription.
139 hine, the large terminase protein, processes viral DNA into constituent units utilizing its nuclease
142 viral integrase catalyses the integration of viral DNA into host target DNA, which is an essential st
145 IV replication before the integration of the viral DNA into the genetic material of the host cells, s
146 the covalent insertion of newly synthesized viral DNA into the host cell chromosome early after infe
148 several components acting together to cleave viral DNA into unit length genomes and translocate them
149 es formed in the nucleus are locations where viral DNA is copied to support virus persistence and amp
152 round precursor prohead that expands as the viral DNA is packaged to yield a thin-walled and angular
158 was not potent enough to be detected at the viral DNA level or to prevent virus rebound following th
159 ogical and clinical relapses were defined as viral DNA levels >2000 IU/mL and alanine aminotransferas
160 Plasma viral RNA and splenic CD4(+) T cell viral DNA levels were measured immediately after treatme
161 scent DNA was dependent on expression of the viral DNA ligase, in accord with previous proteomic stud
163 ingly, Sp110 knockdown significantly reduced viral DNA load in the culture supernatant by activation
164 ocompetent individuals were analyzed for (1) viral DNA loads, (2) anti-B19V immunoglobulin M (IgM) an
165 The ability of HPV capsids to package non-viral DNA makes these a useful tool for delivering plasm
166 he provenance of the dNTPs incorporated into viral DNA may help inform antiviral therapeutic regimens
168 the ability of RSV IN dimers to assemble two viral DNA molecules into intasomes containing IN tetrame
169 C) 3 proteins have been identified as potent viral DNA mutators and have broad antiviral activity.
170 viral DNA in T cells, possibly by revealing viral DNA of insufficient quantity, length, and/or acces
171 trovirus INs complexed with their respective viral DNA or branched viral/target DNA substrates have i
175 ricella cases were confirmed by detection of viral DNA, or epidemiological link and clinical assessme
177 although Tfh cells are more prone to harbor viral DNA, other functionally polarized cells are equall
178 ludes RNA polymerase (RNAP)(6), gyrase(2), a viral DNA packaging motor(7) and DNA recombination enzym
180 was a third type of biomotor, including the viral DNA-packaging motor, beside the bacterial DNA tran
186 replication restriction factor and inhibits viral DNA replication (human cytomegalovirus [HCMV] and
187 oreover, the ability of TYLCV Rep to promote viral DNA replication also depends on this highly conser
188 inhibit vaccinia virus infection by blocking viral DNA replication and abrogating postreplicative int
189 tence, as it plays important roles in latent viral DNA replication and efficient segregation of the v
190 confirmed the enhancement role of 11-kDa in viral DNA replication and elucidated the underlying mech
192 to this lysine residue, besides its roles in viral DNA replication and interaction with host factors,
193 rus-related kinases (VRKs) and is needed for viral DNA replication and likely other stages of the vir
194 nsfection of a duplex HBoV1 genome initiates viral DNA replication and produces progeny virions that
195 ain the capacity to reactivate, resulting in viral DNA replication and release of infectious virus.
196 ntial new role for LSD1 in the regulation of viral DNA replication and successive steps in the virus
197 initiation of early gene expression to block viral DNA replication and synthesis of viral structural
198 DNA polymerases colocalize within centers of viral DNA replication and that Pol eta and Pol kappa pla
199 ing DNA binding and nicking, and compromises viral DNA replication and transcriptional regulation of
201 oviral small nonstructural protein regulates viral DNA replication by interacting with a host protein
202 o reprogram the cell cycle and then initiate viral DNA replication by interacting with a plethora of
203 l a novel role for lysine acetylation during viral DNA replication by regulating topoisomerase recrui
204 rase kappa [Pol kappa]) are recruited to the viral DNA replication centers and facilitate HBoV1 DNA r
205 proteins (NS1 to NS4) colocalized within the viral DNA replication centers in both OriR-transfected c
206 Unlike the VA RNAs, BocaSR localizes to the viral DNA replication centers of the nucleus and is esse
208 viral replication center formation and that viral DNA replication contributes to the FAM111A-mediate
209 lation by cellular Cdks does not correct the viral DNA replication defect observed in cells infected
210 vo and salvage pathway enzymes contribute to viral DNA replication during HCMV infection and that Rb
213 ionally similar to those of UL97 facilitated viral DNA replication in part by inducing the de novo pr
214 annealing activity of ICP8 is essential for viral DNA replication in the context of infection and su
215 or (doxycycline) more effective and enhanced viral DNA replication in the KSHV infection system.
221 both cyclin-dependent kinase 9 activity and viral DNA replication reduced Pol II on the viral genome
228 ers and is necessary for IE gene expression, viral DNA replication, and reactivation from latency.
229 s viral protein production but also inhibits viral DNA replication, as investigated in a KSHV-contain
230 e the Y102F mutant fully supported transient viral DNA replication, BPV genomes encoding this mutatio
231 of HSV-1-infected cells with SP-2509 blocked viral DNA replication, gene expression after the onset o
247 ge via BPLF1, thereby allowing for efficient viral DNA replication.IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus is t
248 the modulation of viral mRNA processing and viral DNA replication.IMPORTANCE Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV
249 downregulate ERK activity, which upregulates viral DNA replication.IMPORTANCE Human parvovirus B19 (B
250 ze establishment, turnover, and evolution of viral DNA reservoirs in the same patients after 3-18 yea
252 n and reduce viral proteins in the serum and viral DNA/RNA in the liver of mice with persistent HBV r
254 ander CD4 T cells due to abortive infection, viral DNA sensing, inflammasome assembly, and death by c
255 irus, the antiviral response mediated by the viral DNA-sensing cyclic guanine adenine synthase (cGAS)
257 , which like IFI16 has been proposed to be a viral DNA sensor, was the only PYHIN protein expressed i
258 ces of initial rebound viruses closely match viral DNA sequences in PBMC and LNMC during ART suppress
259 e infection through the acquisition of short viral DNA sequences known as spacers, which are transcri
260 stress-induced transcription factors bind to viral DNA sequences, which correlates with transcription
261 ible element that increases fitness, such as viral DNA, spreads superexponentially through a populati
262 with HSV-1 replication forks and replicating viral DNA, suggesting that it may play a direct role in
263 e chlorine still attached to host cells, and viral DNA synthesis and early and late gene transcriptio
264 subsequently to facilitate the late stage of viral DNA synthesis and to stabilize NCs containing matu
265 f both H3.1/2 and H3.3 occurs independent of viral DNA synthesis or de novo viral gene expression, im
266 ates (dNTPs) to a lower level that restricts viral DNA synthesis, and thus prevents replication of di
267 on of infection occurred after completion of viral DNA synthesis, at the step of 2LTR circle and prov
275 is interaction is required for initiation of viral DNA synthesis.IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses (H
276 and track targeted integrations of large non-viral DNA templates and applied it to perform pooled kno
277 ion, and that a large fraction of persistent viral DNA that accumulates after this time makes relativ
278 activity is essential for the production of viral DNA that can be packaged to produce infectious vir
279 atalytically competent maturation complex on viral DNA, their effect on maturation complex stability
280 otocols for using HPV capsids to deliver non-viral DNA thereby providing an alternative to DNA transf
281 A chaperone complex represses incoming naked viral DNAs through chromatinization as part of intrinsic
282 ata for Epstein-Barr virus DNA, a detectable viral DNA titre was an independent prognostic factor for
283 and is partly achieved by the attachment of viral DNA to cellular chromatin during cell division.
284 consistent with symmetrical distribution of viral DNA to daughter cells.IMPORTANCE A mechanistic und
287 magnetofection achieve the highest, safe non-viral DNA transfection levels (up to 54%) reported so fa
288 ding of ZEBRA to methylated and unmethylated viral DNA triggers activation of the EBV lytic cycle, le
289 l retroviruses, HIV-1 irreversibly inserts a viral DNA (vDNA) copy of its RNA genome into host target
296 differing degrees by deaminating cytosine in viral (-)DNA, which forms promutagenic uracils that inac