ライフサイエンスコーパス: viral vector

1 tinal degeneration using an adeno-associated viral vector.

2 ssible, within the packaging capacity of the viral vector.

3 n-related adhesion protein (TRAP) by using a viral vector.

4 n in KO-SGCA mice by systemic injection of a viral vector.

5 pisomal vectors valid, safer alternatives to viral vectors.

6 also modulate the efficiency of gene therapy viral vectors.

7 or the production of both RNA- and DNA-based viral vectors.

8 dopaminergic neurons using adeno-associated viral vectors.

9 ive approaches to brain gene therapy without viral vectors.

10 icted by the limited capacity of recombinant viral vectors.

11 re individually cloned into adeno-associated viral vectors.

12 rat striatum after stereotactic injection of viral vectors.

13 acturing of several therapeutic proteins and viral vectors.

14 -PEG) self-assembling nanoparticle-based non-viral vectors.

15 siRNA to DCs is a challenging issue for non-viral vectors.

16 from lower delivery efficiencies compared to viral vectors.

17 the precision and versatility of drivers and viral vectors.

18 and foster engineering of improved oncolytic viral vectors.

19 hat distinguishes this from other known live viral vectors.

20 expanded this technology to adeno-associated viral vectors.

21 es-akin to human gene therapies delivered by viral vectors.

22 nant HCV adenoviral/modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors.

23 therapies under development, focusing on non-viral vectors.

24 tent genome modifications without the use of viral vectors.

25 in plants, triggered by the use of modified viral vectors.

26 e transsynaptic tracing with modified rabies viral vectors.

27 e-boost immunization regimens with unrelated viral vectors.

28 Tbx20, using a cardiotropic adeno-associated viral vector 9.

29 ed forelimb muscles with an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) encoding human Neurotrophin-3 at a cl

30 We used targeted adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) overexpression of human mutant alpha-

31 Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-based gene therapy is thus emerging a

32 ically approved serotype of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV1).

33 ivo genetic silencing by an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2) short hairpin RNA against GSK3beta.

34 When packaged into an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2/9), the EKC gene was also effective a

35 e efficacy of an adeno-associated serotype 9 viral vector (AAV9) expressing miRYR2-U10 in correcting

36 Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) achieve stable therapeutic expressi

37 we used local injection of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) encoding ligand-specific antagonist

38 lows us to optimize and monitor in real time viral vector administration into affected regions of the

39 g spinal glycinergic inhibitory neurons with viral vectors all have dramatic effects on pain and itch

40 6G>A mice using a synthetic adeno-associated viral vector, Anc80L65, shown to transduce 80-90% of sen

41 PIV5 is a promising live viral vector and has been used to develop vaccines.

42 We conclude that this viral vector and this delivery route hold great promise

43 vant and expressed it both in ChAd63 and MVA viral vectors and as a secreted protein-nanoparticle.

44 D overcomes the obstacle associated with non-viral vectors and can be considered to be a promising no

45 rly those that remove nonhuman agents (i.e., viral vectors and genetic sequences of bacterial origin)

46 re small, can be efficiently accommodated by viral vectors and have no detrimental effects on viral t

47 didate vaccines, despite employing disparate viral vectors and immunization strategies, consistently

48 Despite the biomedical utility of GALVs as viral vectors and in cancer gene therapy, full genome se

49 otype 5 (Ad5) is one of the most widely used viral vectors and is known to generate potent T cell res

50 fers a favorable safety profile over that of viral vectors and is less invasive as compared with othe

51 shown that inhaled gene therapy with various viral vectors and non-viral gene vectors is well tolerat

52 so achieved by combining R21 with TRAP-based viral vectors and protective efficacy was significantly

53 expressed in nRT neurons using cre-dependent viral vectors and PV-Cre mouse line.

54 scuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and

55 eveloped several transgenic tools, including viral vectors and transgenic rats, for targeted genome m

56 through which the innate immune response to viral vectors, and potentially other stimuli, may be con

57 efined steps discussed here, that has driven viral vector applications to date.

58 Through the use of an intersectional genetic viral vector approach in mice, we report novel hippocamp

59 ss this, we used a Cre-recombinase-dependent viral vector approach to express G(i/o)-coupled DREADDs

60 Here we used a combinatorial viral vector approach to restrict activating Designer Re

61 For AAV serotype 1 (AAV1), the first viral vector approved as a gene therapy treatment, and i

62 Viral vectors are a potent immunisation platform, benefi

63 Non-viral vectors are a preferred method of gene transfer du

64 Viral vectors are effective tools in gene therapy, but t

65 Non-viral vectors are relatively non-immunogenic, scalable p

66 herapy using the biodegradable polymeric non-viral vector Arginine-grafted poly (cystaminebisacrylami

67 ene therapy via recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors as a viable treatment approach for many MD

68 vector vaccines consist of a fully competent viral vector backbone engineered to express an antigen f

69 This study demonstrates the use of non-viral vector based oral delivery of GLP-1 gene through e

70 ess these issues, the current studies used a viral vector-based approach to chemogenetically activate

71 The various viral vector-based clinical trials conducted in the past

72 Preclinical studies of viral vector-based HIV-1 vaccine candidates have previou

73 PROSTVAC, a viral vector-based immunotherapy, prolonged median overa

74 We provide preclinical evidence that viral-vector-based chemogenetic activation of, or restor

75 Using microinjection of adeno-associated viral vector bearing a transgene encoding FKBP1b into th

76 otein immunizations synergize with DNA prime-viral vector boosts to enhance cellular and humoral immu

77 s suggests that ectoparasites might serve as viral vectors, but evidence to date is scant.

78 to experimental cancer therapies that employ viral vectors, but little is known about the specific na

79 ction of an artificial microRNA carried in a viral vector can slow progression of hearing loss for up

80 Adeno-associated viral vectors can be used as a platform for delivering b

81 gene-based vaccines demonstrated that these viral vectors can mediate more potent protection against

82 In addition, selection of the viral vector capable of transfer of therapeutic gene int

83 apies more controllable, stimulus-responsive viral vectors capable of sensing and responding to speci

84 efficacy of a re-engineered adenoassociated viral vector carrying I-1c (BNP116.I-1c) in a preclinica

85 and rats injected with the adeno-associated viral vector carrying wild-type human alpha-synuclein.

86 Adeno-associated viral vectors carrying anti-TASK-1-siRNA were injected i

87 s rats received intra-BLA microinjections of viral vectors carrying either halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0-mC

88 Our probes facilitated injections of viral vectors carrying opsin genes while providing collo

89 After injections of viral vectors carrying the excitatory opsins ChR2 or C1V

90 ng viral enhancers/promoters placed in foamy viral vectors caused extremely low immortalization of pr

91 udy demonstrates that following priming with viral vectors, CD4(+) T cell help is required to promote

92 xpressed individually in the non-replicating viral vectors ChAd63 and MVA, are capable of inducing an

93 Next, we employed dual viral vector chemogenetic technology which allows for th

94 vaccine against RSV (ChAd155-RSV) using the viral vector chimpanzee-adenovirus-155, encoding RSV fus

95 PfUIS3 was expressed in the viral vectors chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modi

96 By using a Cre-dependent viral vector, ChR2 (tethered to mCherry) was expressed i

97 We injected adeno-associated viral vectors coding for Cre-dependent DREADDs or a cont

98 gle intravenous infusion of adeno-associated viral vector containing DNA coding for SMN resulted in l

99 We designed mAGNET viral vectors containing a CaMKIIalpha promoter and micr

100 Intra-NAc infusions of Cre-inducible viral vectors containing stimulatory (hM3Dq) or inhibito

101 arly immunogenicity and safety outcomes of a viral vector coronavirus vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD12

102 ety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a viral vectored coronavirus vaccine that expresses the sp

103 specific CD8(+) T cell responses elicited by viral-vectored CSP-expressing vaccines effectively targe

104 Treatment of human GSC-grafted mice with viral vector-delivered TLX shRNA or nanovector-delivered

105 Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and adeno-associated viral vector delivery of a homologous donor to achieve h

106 Viral vector delivery of the two enzymes, tyrosine hydro

107 article, we describe our experience with AAV viral vector delivery system, that allows us to optimize

108 This introduces a novel method of viral vector delivery that opens the opportunity for bio

109 isualisation of the accuracy and adequacy of viral vector delivery within target structures, enabling

110 Autonomously replicating viral vectors derived from infectious clones have been e

111 Stimulus-responsive viral vector design considerations as well as gaps in cu

112 and 24 22qDS model mice via adeno-associated viral vectors, driven by excitatory neuron-specific prom

113 cultures transduced with an adeno-associated viral vector driving the GCaMP6f reporter behind a synap

114 which, when delivered by an adeno-associated viral vector, effectively inhibits HBV replication in HB

115 We discuss delivery methods, techniques and viral vectors employed for inner ear gene therapy and th

116 Capsid radioiodination of viral vectors enables non-invasive, whole body, in vivo

117 racolumbar junction, whereas a Cre-dependent viral vector encoding Channelrhodopsin2 under LoxP contr

118 r subretinal delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector encoding codon-optimized human RPGR (AAV8-c

119 achment for the delivery of adeno-associated viral vector encoding Rab Escort Protein 1 is described

120 An adeno associated viral vector encoding RSPO1-Fc fusion protein, or contro

121 Viral vectors encoding either enhanced green fluorescent

122 ld-type (C57BL10) mice with adeno-associated viral vectors encoding either MuSK or rapsyn (a cytoplas

123 caques were transduced with adeno-associated viral vectors encoding hNTCP and subsequently infected w

124 ice were i.v. injected with adeno-associated viral vectors encoding murine IL-12 or luciferase under

125 teers who are not at risk for HCV infection; viral vectors encoding nonstructural proteins are the on

126 We stereotactically injected viral vectors encoding short hairpin RNA to knock down e

127 rogramming has been achieved with the use of viral vectors encoding transcription factors.

128 Viral vectors engineered to target PGE2 were capable of

129 of IL-10 in microglial cells, delivered via viral vectors expressed under CD11b promoter, significan

130 The viral vector-expressed IL-4R antagonist transiently inhi

131 ced after treatment with an adeno-associated viral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA against Home

132 loxed Dicer1 alleles with an adenoassociated viral vector expressing Cre recombinase specifically in

133 lowing administration of an adeno-associated viral vector expressing Flag-micro-dystrophin (AAV-muDys

134 rainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a promising live viral vector expressing NA from avian (H5N1) or pandemic

135 rons of the ventral subiculum by injecting a viral vector expressing tetanus toxin light chain in mal

136 We inject an adeno-associated viral vector expressing the inhibitory DREADD, hM4Di, in

137 dy this, we administered an adeno-associated viral vector expressing VEGF-B or control vector to norm

138 ermore, sequential infection of ferrets with viral vectors expressing chimeric HA, aimed at boosting

139 al influenza virus vaccine strategy based on viral vectors expressing chimeric hemagglutinin construc

140 njected intracranially with adeno-associated viral vectors expressing human alpha-synuclein in the su

141 eful platform in the clinical development of viral vectors expressing problematic transgenes.

142 12 (SFV-IL12) based on its promise as an RNA viral vector for cancer treatment.

143 esults suggest that AAV2.7m8 is an excellent viral vector for inner ear gene therapy targeting cochle

144 and can be considered to be a promising non-viral vector for siRNA delivery to DCs, thus acceleratin

145 he HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain may be used as a viral vector for the vaccination of horses as well as, p

146 nity in mice.IMPORTANCE MVA is an attractive viral vector for vaccine development due to its safety a

147 neering approaches almost exclusively employ viral vectors for gene delivery to NSCs though safety an

148 viruses and develop safer and more efficient viral vectors for gene therapies.

149 nuously advancing development of recombinant viral vectors for gene therapy require that products are

150 d virus (AAV), one of the most commonly used viral vectors for gene therapy trials, and demonstrate t

151 these pathways for designing new recombinant viral vectors for gene therapy.

152 ly relevant retroviruses due to their use as viral vectors for gene transfer and in cancer gene thera

153 The use of non-viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy could drastically

154 The use of viral vectors for inner ear gene therapy is receiving in

155 nd more effective anterograde trans-synaptic viral vectors for neural circuit analysis in multiple sp

156 therapy and lipid nanoparticle and other non-viral vectors for nucleic acid and protein delivery.

157 plasmids promise a pragmatic alternative to viral vectors for prime-boost HIV-1 vaccines.

158 t Marek's disease and as recombinant vaccine viral vectors for protecting against multiple avian dise

159 d number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIG

160 o enhance the capability of adeno-associated viral vectors for therapeutic gene delivery applicable t

161 framework to discover and evaluate candidate viral vectors for vaccines against bat-borne zoonoses.

162 Here, we combine RNA sequencing, viral-vector gene manipulation, functional brain imaging

163 Viral-vectored HA protein vaccines are a desirable alter

164 r injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors harbouring a myosin transgene known to fac

165 proach for hMSC-based cell therapy using non-viral vectors has not been established.

166 To date, only viral vectors have achieved efficient gene silencing in

167 In gene delivery, non-viral vectors have become the preferred carrier system f

168 Recombinant viral vectors have been used as a vaccine platform to el

169 Viral vectors, however, are not devoid of safety issues

170 Initially, CSP is also delivered using these viral vectors; however, a reduction of anti-CSP antibodi

171 inistration of VEGF-C via an adenoassociated viral vector improved hematopoietic recovery after irrad

172 alone by using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector in the liver of three mouse models.

173 y adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) viral vector in the Smn2B/- SMA mouse model.

174 asion of Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic viral vector in Western honeybees, provides a unique opp

175 developed AAV9-GFP-AIP, an adeno-associated viral vector in which a potent CaMKII inhibitory peptide

176 ere we use optogenetics and a combination of viral vectors in adult male and female Th-Cre rats to tr

177 -fold) when delivered using adeno-associated viral vectors in mice.

178 of the spatial and temporal distribution of viral vectors in vivo has generally required postmortem

179 human alpha-synuclein by local injection of viral-vectors in midbrain.

180 Viral vectors, in particular, are powerful gene delivery

181 and, once expressed in the mouse heart using viral vectors, induce cardiac regeneration after myocard

182 associates with reduced CREB expression, and viral vector-induced increased CREB expression in Crh ne

183 ty to abolish motor imbalance caused by aSyn viral vector injection with chronic 4 week PREP inhibiti

184 press channelrhodopsin-2 in CDt delivered by viral vector injections.

185 4)Di into the LHb and CAV2-CRE (a retrograde viral vector) into one of the three target areas as foll

186 NCE Understanding the genotoxic potential of viral vectors is important in designing safe and efficac

187 These data show that two viral vectors label dopamine neurons with greater than 9

188 ht components to the motor cortex of mice by viral vectors labels a subset of excitatory and inhibito

189 ol DAT-cre mice, the VTA was targeted with a viral vector lacking the ChR2 gene (ChR2- group; n = 5).

190 functional properties with adeno-associated viral vector libraries and identify cardiotrophin-1 as a

191 A promising approach to non-viral vectors makes use of DNA/cationic liposome complex

192 These include challenges in viral vector-manufacturing capacity, where an estimated

193 Viral vector mediated gene therapy has become commonplac

194 Local viral vector-mediated 5-HT2CR knockdown in the amygdala

195 ion of conditional knockout mouse models and viral vector-mediated autophagy-modulating strategies in

196 Here we report that viral vector-mediated deletion of cacna1c in the adult p

197 leotides, short-interfering RNAs, as well as viral vector-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNAs and

198 croscopy detects similar ER enlargement, and viral vector-mediated delivery of YAP as well as chemica

199 Furthermore, viral vector-mediated expression of hNTCP on hepatocytes

200 factors IX and X following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated intrauterine gene transfer in earl

201 the therapeutic efficacy of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated l-DOPA delivery to the putamen in

202 Furthermore, viral vector-mediated overexpression of miR-124 in the i

203 In non-dependent rats, viral-vector-mediated knockdown of Prdm2 in the dmPFC re

204 es in the vmPFC (VGat-Cre(CeMA-vmPFC)) using viral-vector-mediated, cell-type-specific optogenetic te

205 Moreover, drMM cells transduced with viral vectors mediating Lhx1 knockdown were excluded fro

206 Using a viral-vectored model TB vaccine and a number of experime

207 s assessing safety and immunogenicity of the viral vector modified vaccinia Ankara virus vectored Ebo

208 ated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers <300 were sufficient.

209 enes to cells using semirandomly integrating viral vectors, newer genome editing technologies based o

210 Although viral vectors offer the greatest efficiency, they also r

211 the nonspecific immune response triggered by viral vectors often suppresses transgene expression.

212 Non-viral vectors often yield transgene expression levels lo

213 Pfs25-IMX313 expressed from viral vectors or as a protein-nanoparticle is significan

214 blocked tumor growth, both when delivered in viral vectors or as synthetic, clinically amenable, mole

215 Furthermore, several of them use viral vectors or mRNA.

216 injections of human alpha-synuclein carrying viral vectors, pathological accumulation of phosphorylat

217 However, each viral vector possesses its own advantages and disadvanta

218 naptic NMUR2 in the NAcSh using a retrograde viral vector potentiated cocaine sensitization.

219 ibodies were raised using a heterologous DNA-viral vector prime-boost regimen, resulting in a high pr

220 s for transgene induction involve the use of viral vectors prone to silencing and insertional mutagen

221 reakthroughs in recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-based gene therapy encouraged us to

222 nia virus Ankara (MVA), a safe and efficient viral vector, rapidly induces chemokine expression and r

223 induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunit

224 hippocampus of middle-aged male mice using a viral vector rejuvenates hippocampal function and improv

225 ponse and long-term toxicity with the use of viral vectors remain a concern.

226 lecular details regarding plant responses to viral vectors remain elusive, which may complicate exper

227 cerebellum) of a recombinant adenoassociated viral vector serotype 2/5 (rAAV2/5) encoding human alpha

228 in 2 patients who underwent adeno-associated viral vectors (serotype 2)-mediated NGF gene transfer.

229 pes) and self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors, serotype-9 (scAAV-9) in spinal cord tissu

230 Heterologous prime-boost with the viral vectors simian adenovirus 63 (ChAd63)-modified vac

231 Using an intersectional viral vector strategy, we selectively transduced three d

232 posure vaccination with constructs involving viral vectors (such as vesicular stomatitis virus), and

233 ting the potential wide applications of this viral vector system for functional genomics studies in m

234 Using a Cre-inducible viral vector system to overexpress SIRT1 selectively in

235 Using a novel chemogenetic viral vector system, the present studies demonstrate tha

236 eveloped such an approach utilizing a single viral vector system.

237 inostat (the kick) and replication-deficient viral vector T-cell inducing vaccines encoding conserved

238 Using viral vectors taken up at axon terminals, we expressed c

239 Using a double-infection viral vector technique, we demonstrate that selective, u

240 Here, we focus on CHIKV vaccines that use viral-vector technologies.

241 Here, in young rhesus monkeys, we combined viral vector technology with assessments of anxiety and

242 Gene therapy using non-viral vectors that are safe and efficient at transfectin

243 x vivo perfusion as an approach to deliver a viral vector to a donor heart during storage and the res

244 der consideration as a promising recombinant viral vector to deliver foreign antigens including HIV.

245 Previously, we used a Tobacco mosaic virus viral vector to express both GFP and a sgRNA from a sing

246 neurons (VgluT2-CB1 (-/-)) and Cre-dependent viral vector to express light-sensitive channelrhodopsin

247 ocampal microinjections of FKBP1b-expressing viral vector to male rats at either 13 months of age (lo

248 We developed a herpes simplex viral vector to rapidly yet transiently overexpress FAAH

249 n alveolar epithelial lung cells using a non-viral vector to transfect the telomerase catalytic subun

250 The possibility of integrating viral vectors to become a persistent part of the host ge

251 use of gene transfer using adeno-associated viral vectors to deliver bNAbs.

252 We used viral vectors to deliver peroxidase derivatives, which c

253 t therapies using synthetic adeno-associated viral vectors to deliver the coding sequence for Transme

254 In this study, we used adeno-associated viral vectors to elevate circulating levels of the tumor

255 Use of viral vectors to override transmitter switching blocks t

256 This allowed the viral vectors to raise robust anti-tumor adaptive immune

257 y sgRNAs transcribed from both synthetic and viral vectors to regulate BIA metabolism and biosynthesi

258 g or diminish target gene expression and use viral vectors to replace expression of mutant genes.

259 ns in energy homeostasis using cre-dependent viral vectors to selectively activate these neurons and

260 Using viral vectors to selectively delete mTOR in the ventral

261 size the use of gene regulatory sequences in viral vectors to target specific neuronal types, and we

262 cutaneous and surgical approaches to deliver viral vectors to the heart either have resulted in thera

263 ress in ocular gene therapy, but delivery of viral vectors to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)

264 ht the in vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors to treat cancer in different tissue and or

265 Adeno-associated viral vectors to treat nervous system disease have been

266 stem (OC) (TransMedics, Inc., Andover MA) on viral vector transduction was examined using a cell-base

267 and the ex vivo circuitry did not influence viral vector transduction, but the serum or plasma fract

268 s of the donor blood significantly inhibited viral vector transduction.

269 of this microRNA through an adeno-associated viral vector, treated animals showed marked improvements

270 d driver and double reporter mouse lines and viral vectors using the Cre/Flp and Cre/Dre double recom

271 In the present study, we used viral vectors utilizing dynorphin or enkephalin promoter

272 Heterologous prime/boost viral vectored vaccination has demonstrated induction of

273 T-cell phenotype and function following HCV viral vectored vaccination resembles "protective memory"

274 Efficacy of Rv21 surpassed viral-vectored vaccination using ChAd63 and MVA.

275 These findings suggest that a nonpersistent viral vector vaccine coding for internal virus proteins

276 that respiratory mucosal immunization with a viral-vectored vaccine imprints AwM, conferring enhanced

277 dified Vaccinia Ankara vectors to generate a viral-vectored vaccine, referred to as Nous-209.

278 A key challenge in the field of therapeutic viral vector/vaccine manufacturing is maximizing product

279 rime-boost immunization with plasmid DNA and viral vector vaccines is an emerging approach to elicit

280 um, and delivered by either DNA vaccination, viral vector vaccines or as protein-in-adjuvant formulat

281 sing alternative to the use of DNA-based and viral vector vaccines, in part because of the potential

282 hat are unable to receive live-attenuated or viral vector vaccines.

283 Although both the viral vectored vaccines efficiently induce protective im

284 Significantly, these novel viral-vectored vaccines induce strong immune responses c

285 ciple to support therapeutic applications of viral-vectored vaccines via the respiratory route.

286 in mice, for the delivery of novel bivalent viral-vectored vaccines.

287 Ang-(1-9) was delivered by adeno-associated viral vector via single tail vein injection immediately

288 An adeno-associated viral vector was also used to reconstitute ORMDL3 expres

289 Adeno-associated viral vector was used to elevate the expression of muscl

290 This MVA-H7-Sh2 viral vector was used to immunize ferrets and proved to

291 As an alternative to the use of viral vectors, we wanted to assess the efficacy of synth

292 ted viral (AAV) vector genome and high-titre viral vectors were produced.

293 mized, and, 14 weeks later, adeno-associated viral vectors were used to express ERalpha, ERbeta, or g

294 ransfer is one of the most commonly used non-viral vectors, which have been shown to be a safe and ef

295 c repeats) gene editing system often require viral vectors, which pose safety concerns for therapeuti

296 Adeno-associated viral vectors with different viral capsids that have bee

297 comparison of HIV mutagenesis among various viral vectors with lower background error than tradition

298 tracing experiments, two recombinant herpes viral vectors with retrograde tropism and expressing dif

299 we used convection-enhanced delivery of the viral vector, with online guidance from MRI.

300 A viral vector, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), was e