ライフサイエンスコーパス: virus

1 (E and prM in immature virus or M in mature virus).

2 ced infection risk will be challenged by the virus.

3 or tissue or cell-specific expression of the virus.

4 eporter-KSHV, KSHVr.219, and wild-type BAC16 virus.

5 responses against the respiratory syncytial virus.

6 which would also provide an advantage to the virus.

7 tion, underwent cell lysis, and released new virus.

8 supply chains and limiting the spread of the virus.

9 the emergence of treatment-resistant mutant virus.

10 with over 36 million people living with the virus.

11 vation, as opposed to physical collection of virus.

12 nctional expression influenced by the latent virus.

13 prototypical A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) H1N1 virus.

14 and 3- to 6.2-fold-lower growth of cell-free virus.

15 lighting stereotyped naive responses to this virus.

16 humans and evolution toward a transmittable virus.

17 onal antibodies than a wild-type gC rescuant virus.

18 N-I production and reduced susceptibility to virus.

19 he main source of novel pathogenic influenza viruses.

20 ase, as has been observed for other emerging viruses.

21 recombination events between ssDNA and ssRNA viruses.

22 role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses.

23 l at high risk to the newly emerged A(H3N2)v viruses.

24 ment of cross-neutralization of heterologous viruses.

25 nown African viruses than to any other Asian viruses.

26 pandemic H1N1 2009-like (A(H1N1)pdm09-like) viruses.

27 VS adaptor to activate IFN responses against viruses.

28 se-transcribing and single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses.

29 principle for the design of a gene drive in viruses.

30 he polymerase acid (PA) protein of influenza viruses.

31 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is a life-threatening pathogen that stil

32 atently infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).

33 In the case of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 0DeltaNLS vaccine, the correlate of prot

34 ne herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation.

35 ree groups, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein

36 0), an E3 ubiquitin ligase of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), can derepress viral genes by degrading

37 pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a

38 in severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 pneumonia is linked to both acute respiratory di

39 & Microbe, Young et al. shed light on dengue virus 3-specific epitopes.

40 ere 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein-Barr virus 36% in saliva and 39% in GCF; human cytomegaloviru

41 alovirus (HCMV) 11% in GCF; varicella zoster virus 6% in saliva and 3% in GCF; of human herpesvirus-6

42 ed to patients that tested negative for both viruses (74.1 h).

43 Adeno-associated virus 8-vascular endothelial growth factor C (AAV8-VEGF-

44 Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy, but

45 Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospita

46 tion for the distribution of human-infecting viruses across the animal orders studied.

47 Viruses activate inflammasomes but then subvert resultin

48 ates a protective capacity of the endogenous virus against the exogenous form, either via direct inte

49 to 1.7-fold-lower growth of cell-associated virus and 3- to 6.2-fold-lower growth of cell-free virus

50 of the DUBmut virus to that of the wild-type virus and found that the DUBmut-infected mice had a stat

51 We show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus and genuine SARS-CoV-2 infections are generally re

52 Based on previous studies of murine leukemia virus and HIV-1, we hypothesized that unpaired guanosine

53 hts into the complex interaction between the virus and innate receptors that may underlie disease pat

54 Structures of flavivirus (dengue virus and Zika virus) particles are known to near-atomic

55 Sia) are the primary receptors for influenza viruses and are widely displayed on cell surfaces and in

56 sent in all tested recombinant HAs and whole viruses and can be specifically targeted for universal d

57 capsid) is a key step in the replication of viruses and in the production of artificial viral cages

58 ant source of genetic diversity in segmented viruses and is the main source of novel pathogenic influ

59 esponsive PK1 cells were infected with these viruses and produced higher levels of interferon respons

60 he structure-function relationships of large viruses and should aid in ASFV vaccine development.

61 ar immune responses against pathogenic Ebola viruses and support further evaluation of this approach

62 uding Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-

63 ore antigen, followed by a modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vector to induce HBV-specific B- and T-cell

64 Effective countermeasures against these viruses are highly desired.

65 cular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based oncolytic viruses are promising agents against pancreatic ductal a

66 To complicate this, these viruses are restricted to replication in human cells and

67 while phylogenetic analysis places these bat viruses as the basal group within the KoRV-related retro

68 rrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus, as well as elevated blood lead levels (EBLL).

69 large pool of mRNAs as virion genome during virus assembly.

70 matrix protein (NiV M) plays a major role in virus assembly.

71 Hepatitis B and C virus-associated HCC became less common, and more patien

72 mination factor 2 (RTF2) restricts influenza virus at the nuclear stage (and perhaps other stages) of

73 eased from specific cell types, and enhances virus attachment and entry into cells.

74 human skin is an appropriate model for these viruses because many target cells are present, including

75 We reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 virus becomes more infectious.

76 partments to enable efficient transport of a virus between these compartments.

77 n is dispensable for Alix-mediated rescue of virus budding, suggesting the involvement of other regio

78 ized with ARFI who had testing for influenza viruses by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reacti

79 Viruses can be inactivated by exposure to heat or bleach

80 r, cases of Junin virus infection, a related virus, can be treated with convalescent-phase serum.

81 were found in the p53 or eqFP650 portions of virus-carried transgenes in any of the passaged viruses,

82 The Delta3A virus caused lymphomas with delayed onset compared to th

83 odels of CCHFV infection reliably succumb to virus challenge but vary in their ability to reflect sig

84 Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines r

85 smoking status, hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus coinfection, group of exposure, nadir CD4 count, C

86 etric mean titer of ~415 against replicative virus, comparing favorably with several vaccine formulat

87 Using a virus containing an EndoU catalytic-inactive mutation, w

88 The results suggest swine influenza viruses containing both a stabilized HA and alpha-2,6 re

89 M-tropic viruses could also be enriched from post-ATI plasma usin

90 Plasma virus matched replication-competent virus cultured from CD4+ T cells.

91 us-carried transgenes in any of the passaged viruses, demonstrating long-term genomic stability of co

92 eplicating in the cytoplasm, ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) polymerases, NS5 proteins, are predominantl

93 mpared with other mammals, yet the role that virus-derived endogenous elements may have played in the

94 and nsp16 individually or combined into one virus designated icPEDV-mut4.

95 genomics has led to an exponential growth in virus discovery.

96 Here we characterized the virus diversity and abundance of 14 species of medically

97 whereas other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), were detected at

98 We have found that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF2 tegument protein binds to a protein in

99 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia is a major risk factor for posttrans

100 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a number of T-cell diseas

101 task of lifelong infection, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) switches between four viral genome latency a

102 nt membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

103 th CL13 succumb to challenge with ectromelia virus (ECTV; the agent of mousepox) and that natural kil

104 s such as treatment with heat, chemicals, or virus elicitors of UPR.

105 Many viruses employ ATP-powered motors during assembly to tra

106 ORFs of equine H3N8 and avian H3N2 influenza viruses encoded 61 amino acids but were truncated after

107 In addition, virus-encoded VP3 antagonizes RNase L activity both in v

108 of PE and PS maximizes PS receptor-mediated virus entry and efferocytosis and underscore the importa

109 formation of stable microtubules soon after virus entry and promote early stages of infection.

110 mAb neutralizes virus in vitro by preventing virus entry and spread and is protective in vivo in mous

111 host cell attachment.IMPORTANCE Nonenveloped virus entry is an incompletely understood process.

112 identified to function in interference with virus entry, were expressed at significantly higher leve

113 hance PS receptor-mediated efferocytosis and virus entry.

114 of gpTfR1 or hTfR1 comparably enhances JUNV virus entry/infectivity.

115 with cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (even when under antiretroviral therapy), and hepa

116 portant link between experimental studies of virus evolution and large-scale phylodynamic analyses.

117 As obligate parasites, all viruses exploit common cellular pathways, providing the

118 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader proteinase (Lpro) affects several pa

119 In the Friend virus (FV) model, Tregs are known to inhibit effector CD

120 ous or closely related vaccine and challenge viruses gave the best prediction of protection.

121 Multipartite virus genomes are composed of several segments, each pac

122 offers new perspectives to better understand virus-glycan interactions in physiologically relevant co

123 tion and spatial dissemination of a specific virus (H1delta-2) that becomes dominant among exhibition

124 c (CD3) antibodies, suggesting that M-tropic viruses had a macrophage origin.

125 a viruses isolated in 2009-2016, gamma-clade viruses had less stable HA proteins (activation pH 5.5-5

126 Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common infection that is transmitted th

127 mixed tailing in transcripts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), generated

128 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important but difficult to study human

129 rly in sub-Saharan Africa, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important risk factor.

130 orld Health Organization's (WHO) hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination target of an 80% reduction in in

131 Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in rapid changes in metabolic parame

132 eIF3 recognizing motifs found in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-like IRESs, suggesting mechanistic similarit

133 tudy, we investigated the role of the Kunjin virus helicase on infection in cell culture and in vivo

134 s targeting conserved neutralizing influenza virus hemagglutinin epitopes were polyreactive.

135 ronaviruses spike S2, and the H1N1Ca2009 flu virus hemagglutinin.

136 lin(R), the licensed vaccine for hepatitis E virus (HEV).

137 in increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, but whether they alter TFV-DP o

138 ng people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is associated with reduced systemic infl

139 The ongoing spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has driven novel interventions, such as anti

140 ed an outbreak of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among persons who inject drugs (P

141 ct on transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is uncertain.

142 gag-pol transcript of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) perturb translation elongation.

143 of daily and nondaily human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens amon

144 within 6 months when human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads exceed 1,000 copies/mL.

145 accines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis.

146 ta from a prospective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative UK cohort of 333 tuberculosis conta

147 odies (bnAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

148 IC patients had human immunodefiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, cancer, stem cell or organ transplanta

149 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS.

150 es thus prompting further investigation into virus-host interaction occurring during the early stages

151 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neuroinvasive virus that has been used

152 e of human-like H3N2 (H3.2010.1) influenza A virus (IAV) from swine has been frequently detected in c

153 s of 1918 and 2009, subtype H1N1 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have caused seasonal epidemics since 1977

154 Novel H1N2 influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine have been identified in Chile co

155 y, they provide additional evidence that RNA virus IBs are important immunomodulatory complexes withi

156 of an enteric CoV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (icPEDV), we generated viruses with inactive versi

157 n human-origin and swine-origin A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infects a wide range

158 summers and winters and thus monitoring the virus in both seasons may be important for vaccine devel

159 f the HA protein of the avian H7N9 influenza virus in complex with a pan-H7, non-neutralizing, protec

160 d grew to 2-log-higher titers than wild-type virus in human Caco-2 cells and simian Vero cells.

161 mall cat species harbor a related endogenous virus in their genomes.

162 This mAb neutralizes virus in vitro by preventing virus entry and spread and

163 t to an inability to efficiently culture the virus in vitro for neutralization assays.

164 were dominated by fewer than three barcoded viruses in intestinal and extraintestinal tissues.

165 ective antibodies to 2010.1 cluster A(H3N2)v viruses in young children, suggesting that young childre

166 We estimated human immunodeficiency virus incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for bla

167 the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia

168 Viruses, including retroviruses, can be passed from moth

169 On the other hand, the two mutant viruses induced lower STAT1 phosphorylation and grew to

170 susceptibility of brain cells, mechanisms of virus-induced brain dysfunction, and treatment strategie

171 ve immunotherapeutics to restore cancer- and virus-induced exhausted CD8(+) T cells, by enhancing the

172 ted that (a) infants (<18 months) had higher virus-induced IFN-lambda airway secretion; (b) subjects

173 levels; and (c) individuals with the highest virus-induced IFN-lambda levels (>90th percentile) had h

174 investigate the mechanisms driving influenza virus-induced inflammation in humans.

175 model to understand the mechanisms of direct virus-induced neural-cell damage leading to demyelinatio

176 izes with PS to promote PS receptor-mediated virus infection and clearance of apoptotic cells.

177 es to the prevention of severe disease after virus infection include both a paucity of protective vac

178 However, cases of Junin virus infection, a related virus, can be treated with co

179 nge needed to facilitate membrane fusion and virus infection, and the epitope recognized by h5B3.1 ha

180 ry diseases including human immunodeficiency virus infection, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sy

181 egral roles in the innate immune response to virus infection.

182 (d p.i.), although both wild-type and DUBmut virus infections resulted in similar liver pathology.

183 roved in 2018 for treating influenza A and B virus infections.

184 he Dispanin/CD225 family and inhibit diverse virus infections.

185 gents for the treatment and control of Ebola virus infections.

186 the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections.

187 in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infects a wide range of hosts, resulting in illnes

188 and leads to an effective rejection of both virus-injected and distant tumors.

189 ng the interaction of avian BST-2 with avian viruses is important in understanding innate antiviral d

190 For swine influenza viruses isolated in 2009-2016, gamma-clade viruses had l

191 se of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 (CL13), result in immune dysfuncti

192 l of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, it was shown that checkpoint inh

193 cement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qbeta virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antige

194 ion of several previously unknown halophilic viruses, many of which exhibit transcriptional activity

195 Plasma virus matched replication-competent virus cultured from

196 Here, we use G-deleted rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic tracing to identify inputs t

197 findings demonstrate that positioning of the virus membrane penetration site couples two decisive inf

198 During entry, viruses must navigate through the host endomembrane syst

199 The virus naturally infects epithelial cells of the feather

200 fied in vivo relative to the contribution of virus neutralization mediated by the Fab.

201 Nipah virus (NiV) matrix protein (NiV M) plays a major role in

202 known receptors for previously characterized viruses of Escherichia coli (phages T6, T2, T4, and T7).

203 Unlike other viruses of Picornavirales, no intra-pentamer stabilizing

204 Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cau

205 In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have s

206 heir surface proteins (E and prM in immature virus or M in mature virus).

207 der antiretroviral therapy), and hepatitis C virus or those of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis

208 egarding potential benefits to the host, the virus, or the TEs.

209 atistically significant effects on bacteria, viruses, or the prevalence and quantity of individual en

210 he intratumoral injection with the oncolytic virus overcomes PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression during

211 tion structure of capsid proteins within the virus particle.

212 ow HSV gE/gI and US9 promote the assembly of virus particles and sorting of these virions into neuron

213 hestrate the assembly and release of nascent virus particles from the plasma membranes of infected ce

214 cells, 2-fold less Env is incorporated into virus particles produced from MT-4 than SupT1 cells.

215 uctures of flavivirus (dengue virus and Zika virus) particles are known to near-atomic resolution and

216 l determinants that could contribute to H5N1 virus pathogenesis and tropism.

217 ctor CD8+ T-cell responses and contribute to virus persistence.

218 People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are commonly excluded from these studies, u

219 in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH).

220 n Vietnam to identify the scope of influenza viruses present in live bird markets and the threat they

221 Some negative-sense RNA viruses prime mRNA transcription using host 5' cap seque

222 ternalized with CD63, which is necessary for virus production.

223 l DNA replication, late gene expression, and virus production.

224 Recombination between viruses provides evidence of a shared host, in which gen

225 Rabies virus (RABV) causes a severe and fatal neurological dise

226 Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a fatal encephalitis in humans and othe

227 of most tumor cells by VSV-EBOVDeltaMLD, the virus remained active within the SCID mouse brain and sh

228 plexes within infected cells.IMPORTANCE Many viruses replicate almost entirely in the cytoplasm of in

229 c cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 did not affect virus replication in Vero or Vero-E6 cells.

230 Flaviviruses and other arthropod-transmitted viruses represent a widespread global health problem, wi

231 nce to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

232 its amphipathic properties were required for virus restriction.

233 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mouse and human lung is associa

234 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory

235 )microbiome(Haemophilus)T2(low); endotype C, virus(RSV/RV)microbiome(Streptococcus)T2(low); and endot

236 s(RV-C)microbiome(mixed)T2(low); endotype B, virus(RV-A)microbiome(Haemophilus)T2(low); endotype C, v

237 d type 2 cytokine (T2) response: endotype A, virus(RV-C)microbiome(mixed)T2(low); endotype B, virus(R

238 biome(Streptococcus)T2(low); and endotype D, virus(RV-C)microbiome(Moraxella)T2(high).

239 d factors associated with, antibodies to RVF virus (RVFV) in livestock in an area heavily affected by

240 Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an insect-transmitted orthobunyavirus tha

241 is places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state.

242 infected with simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV.C.CH505.375H.dCT, and triple antiretroviral t

243 panel of unrelated S. islandicus rod-shaped viruses (SIRVs).

244 ly, the TCRalphabeta repertoire diversity of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells.

245 Host survival would facilitate virus spread, which would also provide an advantage to t

246 broadly used as a tool to increase growth of virus stocks for research and for the generation of vacc

247 al compounds against the following influenza virus strains: A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and B

248 ver controls by either method, whereas other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalo

249 lycoproteins from unrelated animal-infecting viruses, suggesting a common ancestor for these accompan

250 Hepatitis C virus SVR decreased monocyte interferon genes MX1, IFI27

251 Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generati

252 ensities rather than virulent dynamics, with viruses switching from a long-term non-lethal temperate

253 ears to be more similar to the known African viruses than to any other Asian viruses.

254 erpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neuroinvasive virus that has been used as a model organism for studyin

255 e, Park et al. develop an oncolytic vaccinia virus that introduces truncated CD19 expression in solid

256 Discrete VFs initially formed from each virus that subsequently coalesced from 10 h postinfectio

257 or after infection with an adeno-associated virus that transferred an overlength HBV genome-and expr

258 , is a member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses that can cause respiratory infections of varying

259 collection of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that coexist in our bodies and are essential in

260 Here, we summarize the viruses that have been developed for neural circuit mapp

261 Rapidly-transmitting viruses that have evolved with bat immune systems will l

262 irds.IMPORTANCE Birds are important hosts of viruses that have the potential to cause zoonotic infect

263 , the clade containing the lapinised vaccine viruses that were developed originally in Korea appears

264 mission of a related partitivirus, verdadero virus, that we discovered in a laboratory colony of Aede

265 plex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mech

266 The genesis of novel influenza viruses through reassortment poses a continuing risk to

267 tudy identified unique characteristics of TF viruses thus prompting further investigation into virus-

268 Comparison of virus titration results to reverse transcriptase quantit

269 retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify the cortical areas that most directly

270 KV-host interactions and adaptability of the virus to replication in mosquitoes and mammalian hosts i

271 against the short L1 appeared, enabling the virus to successfully establish an infection.

272 We compared the pathogenesis of the DUBmut virus to that of the wild-type virus and found that the

273 Interspecies virus transmission involving economically important poll

274 gene deletion of Traf3ip3 have increased RNA virus-triggered IFN-I production and reduced susceptibil

275 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits a number of specialized mi

276 The human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype c is endemic to central Au

277 how to extend the platform to model specific virus types (e.g., hepatitis C) and add additional cellu

278 hways and provide insight into how cells and viruses use a conserved RNA phosphatase to regulate and

279 d from B cells induced by numerous influenza virus vaccines and infections, we found mAbs targeting c

280 inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.

281 Here, we stabilize immature Zika virus via an antibody that binds across the E and prM pr

282 n shown to possess activity against numerous viruses via multiple proposed mechanisms.

283 e transgenes.IMPORTANCE Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based oncolytic viruses are promising agents

284 ses were measured after anti-CD3 or vaccinia virus (VV) stimulation to measure T cells elicited after

285 The causative virus was later sequenced from a RT-PCR-positive individ

286 ) detection corresponded well to ZsG signal, virus was only isolated from some lung, brain, liver, an

287 To better target these viruses, we examined key aspects of the viral life cycle

288 barcodes." Using this collection of barcoded viruses, we found diverse viral populations throughout e

289 ering design in the sunlight inactivation of viruses, we modeled the inactivation of three-human aden

290 vity against the human respiratory syncytial virus were carried out for selected derivatives, showing

291 The haplotypes of the sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses were diverse and changed over time.

292 expressed receptors capable of neutralizing virus when expressed as monoclonal antibodies.

293 group of hand-foot-and-mouth disease causing viruses, which includes CV-A10.

294 seases in people with human immunodeficiency virus who were exposed to darunavir (DRV) but not to ata

295 Other viruses with high numbers of submissions will be added i

296 omplete reference protein sequences of known viruses with human tropism.

297 idemic diarrhea virus (icPEDV), we generated viruses with inactive versions of interferon antagonist

298 and diverse virome that is dominated by RNA viruses, with major additional contributions from revers

299 andemic have exposed humans to new fungi and viruses, with unknown consequences.

300 usion dynamics have been studied by tracking viruses within living cells, which limits the precision