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1 y (Crump) or reduce confounding (Sturmer and Walker).
2 d displacement (OSD) reaction to release the walker.
3 modified procedure described by Robinson and Walker.
4 ith substrate (or "track") for the molecular walker.
5 neously be induced for forwards and reversed walkers.
6 facilitate the development of functional DNA walkers.
7 inetics and processivity of DNA enzyme-based walkers.
8 design of small-molecule synthetic molecular walkers.
9 hose that come closest to being optimal Levy walkers.
10 s are known to enhance exploration of random walkers.
11 gnitude more efficiency than Brownian random walkers.
12 ar events in a cohort of older long-distance walkers.
13 tions and clinical outcomes in long-distance walkers.
14 ant implications for the design of molecular walkers.
15 to real-life race performance in elite race walkers.
16 st walkers (<0.5 m/s) constituting 28%, slow walkers (0.5-0.83 m/s) making up 48%, and normal walkers
17 ling was attenuated in slow compared to fast walkers (2.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.9 to 6.6
19 ines that lie close to the LSGGQ (P517C) and Walker A (I1050C) sites of NBD1 and NBD2, respectively,
20 we have mutated conserved residues in Fml1's Walker A (K99R) and Walker B (D196N) motifs to determine
21 r mutagenesis analyses indicated that Rrp2's Walker A and B motifs are required for borrelial growth;
25 and NMS-873) have differential responses to Walker A and B mutations, to disease-causing IBMPFD muta
26 Alanine substitution mutants in the deviant Walker A and Signature motifs retain significant, albeit
28 ndent on ATP and have identified ATP-binding Walker A and Walker B motifs that are present in Escheri
31 ported by experiments, wherein the conserved Walker A arginine 'toggles' between interacting with a g
32 D-loop aspartate functions to stabilize the Walker A asparagine in a position favorable for catalysi
33 tation of either the D-loop aspartate or the Walker A asparagine results in dramatic reductions in AT
35 ation of the conserved Lys-669 to Met in the Walker A box of the first nucleotide-binding domain (Ycf
36 e cis-variant FlrC(C)-R349A drastic shift of Walker A encroached ATP-binding site, whereas the site r
39 ries of point mutants, each lacking a single Walker A Lys residue, was generated to study the effects
40 glycine (G6) and lysine (K7) residues of the Walker A motif (-GPAGTG(6)K(7)S-) were found to be criti
42 e conserved lysine to alanine (K629A) in the Walker A motif abolished ATP hydrolysis and substrate tr
43 ing affinity (K(d) = 1.81 x 10(-7) M) of the Walker A motif beyond the motif's nucleotide-binding cha
44 It is an ATPase in the MinD/ParA/Mrp deviant Walker A motif family which is within the P loop GTPase
51 l microbalance, both the consensus motif and Walker A motif showed strong affinities to PI5P-containi
52 position is conserved in four of the deviant Walker A motif subfamilies (MinD, chromosomal ParAs, Get
53 maS adopts an extended conformation, and the Walker A motif undergoes substantial conformational chan
55 Here we show that the putative Zn finger, Walker A motif, KNRXG motif and Lon protease homology do
58 onstrate that mutations in Cdc6 sensor-2 and Walker A motifs, which are predicted to affect ATP bindi
59 t greatly reduced ACOT activity, whereas the Walker A mutant K487A had greatly reduced ATPase and no
60 hat differences in the binding affinities of Walker A mutants stem from differences in stabilization
64 Hsp104(A503V) variants bearing inactivating Walker A or Walker B mutations in both NBDs are inoperat
66 analog, ATPgammaS, tightly restructures the Walker A segments and drives the global open-to-closed/e
67 nsus motif (IVGPAGTGKSTLF) that contains the Walker A sequence, a well-known nucleotide-binding motif
70 with sterol transport, whereas swapping the Walker A, Walker B, and signature motifs together result
71 istic, deviant ATP-binding site with altered Walker A, Walker B, Signature (C-loop), and Q-loop resid
73 )@Ir nanorods (Ce@IrNRs) and enzyme-free DNA walker, a novel electrochemical aptasensor was developed
75 We identified putative ATP-binding motifs (Walker-A and Walker-B) in each of the ATPases and genera
76 aired translocation phenotypes and show that Walker-A residues play important roles in determining mo
77 had 35% higher 30-day mortality than normal walkers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence inter
78 e show that the movement of a small-molecule walker along a five-foothold track can be monitored cont
79 hydrolysis of the rear foot of macrocyclized walkers (an information ratchet mechanism), the rear foo
82 gest instead that different responses of the Walker and Hadley circulations to the increasing CO(2) c
83 the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Walker and Hadley circulations, and Rossby wave propagat
86 e their exquisite programmability, DNA-based walkers are challenging to work with because of their lo
92 erved residues in Fml1's Walker A (K99R) and Walker B (D196N) motifs to determine whether its activit
95 ecause they can alternately contact ptDNA or Walker B glutamate in the ATPase site and lie close to t
96 e third, D290N mutation in the conserved NS3 Walker B motif appeared >/=16 days post-transfection.
97 he C-terminal region of RNase R, whereas the Walker B motif is in its N-terminal region implying that
101 otein F (PspF), by specifically altering the Walker B motif sequence required in catalyzing ATP hydro
104 combined data suggest that the Walker A and Walker B motifs of Rrp2 are involved in the control of a
105 and have identified ATP-binding Walker A and Walker B motifs that are present in Escherichia coli RNa
106 riant (ClpC(trap)) with mutations within the Walker B motifs to identify the direct substrates of Clp
109 of the noncanonical methionine residue M584 (Walker B sequence of nucleotide binding site 1) by gluta
110 somerization of a conserved cis peptide near Walker B to the trans configuration, which appears to pr
111 ol transport, whereas swapping the Walker A, Walker B, and signature motifs together resulted in fail
114 molecule techniques to confirm the predicted Walker-B ATP-binding motif in the phage lambda motor and
115 ies thus illuminate the mechanistic roles of Walker-B residues in ATP binding, hydrolysis, and DNA tr
116 ed putative ATP-binding motifs (Walker-A and Walker-B) in each of the ATPases and generated mutant st
118 approximately 0.7 s per step) than previous walkers based on covalent chemistry and is weakly proces
119 entirely to autonomous decisions made by the walker, behaviour analogous to amorphous chemical reacti
121 jP protein (Soj from pXO1) contains putative Walker box motifs and belongs to the ParA family of ATPa
124 e insight into a unique mechanism by which a Walker box protein forms polymers that involves the gene
126 , and an assembling protein that is either a Walker-box ATPase (type I) or an actin-like ATPase (type
129 tion, carboxysome maintenance systems employ Walker-box proteins as DNA-binding motors while McdB pro
131 induced propagation both below and above the Walker breakdown field it is shown that all experimental
134 rvation and the piezoelectric control of the Walker breakdown separating two regimes with different m
137 pplications of this SNA-based stochastic DNA walker by exploiting movement-triggered cascade signal a
139 on reactions, the nanoscale movements of the walker can lead to the generation of a single-stranded p
141 ticle, we show that the presence of multiple walkers can be beneficial for a procedure to estimate th
142 show that the translocation kinetics of DNA walkers can be effectively controlled by external light
144 onvergence Zone and weakening of the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) between approximately 1000 and
146 of ENSO in October-December by weakening the Walker circulation and enhancing eastward-propagating oc
149 o such as the rising branch of the anomalous Walker circulation being shifted to the central Pacific
150 ing the Green Sahara termination shifted the Walker circulation eastward and cooled the Indian Ocean,
151 ey do show that the observed slowdown in the Walker circulation is presumably driven by oceanic rathe
152 patterns are the main cause of the weakened Walker circulation over the past six decades (1950-2009)
153 AMO state, there is an anomalously weakened Walker circulation over the tropical Pacific that transp
154 simulate the observed changes, including the Walker circulation slowdown and the eastward shift of at
156 ics of the hiatus, including the intensified Walker circulation, the winter cooling in northwestern N
157 n rainfall variability by altering the local Walker circulation, whereas the influence of the Pacific
162 risingly, the NHSM as well as the Hadley and Walker circulations have all shown substantial intensifi
168 of Blood, Keats et al,(1) Egan et al,(2) and Walker et al(3) provide a genome-wide snapshot of the cl
170 ncorrectly placed to tribe and that Sophonia Walker, Evacanthus Le Peletier &Serville, Bundera Distan
171 ease, neighbourhood-based methods and random walkers exploit the interactome allowing the prediction
173 nditions in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime are discussed for the generic fu
175 ers (0.5-0.83 m/s) making up 48%, and normal walkers (>0.83 m/s) constituting 24% of the population.
178 n, a variety of DNA-based and small-molecule walkers have been created, but observing the translation
179 al Runners' (17,201 male, 16,173 female) and Walkers' Health Studies (3,434 male, 12,384 female).
180 olled three isoenergetic diets in elite race walkers: high CHO availability (g kg(-1) day(-1) : 8.6 C
184 of the intrinsic quantum nature of multiple walkers, in order to achieve the full computational powe
186 aining and mild energy deficit in elite race walkers increases peak aerobic capacity independent of d
187 ssibility of gathering information about the walkers indistinguishability from the observation of bun
190 The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is an agricultural insect pest that can be cont
191 ., Miller, S., Ho, S-Y., Wang, W., Chen, Q., Walker, K., Wypych, J., Narhi, L., and Gunasekaran, K.
193 hen the alanine residue (A6) in the atypical Walker-like A box of AaTadZ was converted to lysine, the
196 W displaces under a magnetic field above the Walker limit, the oscillatory motion of the DW is observ
197 percentile, 0.47-0.79 m/s), with the slowest walkers (<0.5 m/s) constituting 28%, slow walkers (0.5-0
199 frequency of the transitions that the random walker makes - between nodes in different PPI networks,
200 sent a large-exome sequencing study of Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and cerebellar hypoplasia (CBL
203 chromosome 3q25.1 are associated with Dandy-Walker malformation of the cerebellum, and loss of the o
205 rain abnormalities (e.g., heterotopia, Dandy-Walker malformation), pituitary insufficiency, and/or sy
208 (350-450 g; n = 61) and the recently updated Walker-Mason rat scald burn model, we demonstrated that
211 tation is faster than the traditional random walker method or the level set method, and performs bett
216 alytic activity of the motor by bridging the Walker motifs and precisely contributing its charged gro
217 RNase R due to mutations in its ATP-binding Walker motifs exhibit growth defects at low temperatures
218 rporate these characteristics, the idea that walker motion is encoded directly, such that viewpoint a
219 to look for the co-encoding of viewpoint and walker motion, a hallmark of motion template analysis.
221 esign parameters enables us to demonstrate a walker movement near 5 mum at an average speed of approx
223 predictions derived from this strategy: (1) Walkers must have information about upcoming footholds d
225 ling microscopy shows that the motion of the walker occurs along the [110] direction of the Cu surfac
226 On the longest track (n = 9) the fraction of walkers on each end-foothold can be quantified with resp
227 ikely to require assistive devices such as a walker or wheelchair for mobility (OR=23.00; p=0.007).
229 rrent, atmospheric wind, a preference of the walker owing to prior experience, or a general bias in a
230 ) for males and P=0.02 for females) and male walkers (P=0.01 for males and P=0.08 for females) and fo
231 P<10(-5) for males and P=0.003 for females; walkers: P=0.03 for males and P<10(-4) for females), hig
233 Herein we review recent progress on DNA walker principles and characterization methods, and eval
235 e track via reversible protonation while the walker remains attached to the track throughout by means
237 and 13, or the medial OFC (mOFC), targeting Walker's area 14, to a group of unoperated controls on b
240 to either the lateral OFC (lOFC), targeting Walker's areas 11 and 13, or the medial OFC (mOFC), targ
243 so the resulting ballistic trajectory of the walker's center-of-mass will facilitate stepping on targ
245 ile varying the presentation duration of the walker selectively affected body motion discriminations.
246 mple model for a chemically driven molecular walker shows that the elastic energy stored by the molec
247 demonstrate that previously developed random walkers-so-called molecular spiders that comprise a stre
248 ryos had cerebellar aplasia similar to Dandy-Walker spectrum malformations observed in human patients
249 aligning the ellipses that made up a dynamic walker stimulus selectively disrupted body form discrimi
250 3), distal arthrogryposis 5 (DA5), or Marden-Walker syndrome (MWKS), which encompass contractures of
252 construct highly processive, autonomous DNA walker systems and to regulate their translocation kinet
253 The functionalities of state-of-the-art DNA walker systems can thus be analyzed for various applicat
255 tion and hydrolysis reactions lead to 68% of walkers taking two steps directionally along a three-foo
256 uclease III (Exo III)-powered stochastic DNA walker that can autonomously move on a spherical nucleic
257 as been used in a remote-controlled inchworm walker that can directly couple a color-changing skin wi
258 re attached in series to the tile, and a DNA walker that can move on the track from device to device
259 of a model system comprised of a bipedal DNA walker that strides on a DNA origami track powered by in
261 been developed including self-assembled DNA walkers that can make stepwise movements on RNA/DNA subs
262 nostructures, such as those reflected in DNA walkers that sort and collect cargo on DNA tracks, DNA r
264 des of control work synergistically to allow walkers to negotiate complex terrain with efficiency, st
266 ding molecular muscles, synthesizers, pumps, walkers, transporters and light-driven and electrically
269 ions, we show dynamic chromosome binding and Walker-type ATPase activity are essential for cluster se
270 inding protein, typically called ParB, and a Walker-type ATPase, typically called ParA, which also bi
276 -35.79, P < 0.001), and amongst recreational walkers walked for longer per week (RR = 1.39, 95% CI =
278 o identify genetic mutations responsible for Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a genetically heterogeneo
279 congenital muscular dystrophy 1C (MDC1C), to Walker-Warburg Syndrome and Muscle-Eye-Brain disease.
280 stroglycan, which not only causes the severe Walker-Warburg syndrome but is also a common cause of th
281 with brain and eye anomalies and range from Walker-Warburg syndrome to Fukuyama congenital muscular
282 e congenital muscular dystrophies, including Walker-Warburg syndrome, muscle-eye-brain disease, Fukuy
283 fferent clinical manifestations ranging from Walker-Warburg syndrome, the most severe form of dystrog
284 vere of the congenital muscular dystrophies, Walker-Warburg syndrome, to mild forms of adult-onset li
290 amplify the signal, and the enzyme-free DNA walker was applied to release more signal probes combine
291 ch suggested that the performance of the DNA walker was critically dependent upon the DNA density and
292 The operation of this Exo III-propelled DNA walker was monitored in real time and at the single-part
295 ore reflect the individual steps of a single walker, which require the making and breaking of As-S bo
297 int-light displays that portray the gaits of walkers whose gender is digitally morphed from male to f
298 l ring of annihilating and coalescing random walkers with deterministic biases due to selection.