ライフサイエンスコーパス: warfare

1 ce displays, tool use, culture, hunting, and warfare).

2 d as a category A Select Agent of biological warfare.

3 ense competition between societies-primarily warfare.

4 youths (~17 to 28) took charge of interclan warfare.

5 red as potential agents for bioterrorism and warfare.

6 llus that is a powerful agent for biological warfare.

7 xcellent proxy for the intensity of internal warfare.

8 wireless power transfer, and electromagnetic warfare.

9 ntial weapon for bioterrorism and biological warfare.

10 earning to power politics and intercommunity warfare.

11 ged attacks, a strategy still used in modern warfare.

12 ed international standards of conduct during warfare.

13 ur ability to test collapse theories tied to warfare.

14 defense, quorum sensing and inter-bacterial warfare.

15 d kungas for use in diplomacy, ceremony, and warfare.

16 ce, Glowacki provides a fresh perspective on warfare.

17 emonstrating an overt vector for information warfare.

18 half, to the lowest level in the history of warfare.

19 capacity for humans to engage in large-scale warfare.

20 s, emphasizing the role of class struggle or warfare.

21 pogenic climate change or nuclear/biological warfare.

22 ng how enzymes can be co-opted for microbial warfare.

23 quality over long periods of time, including warfare.

24 technology opens new pathways for biological warfare.

25 for pathogenicity and belowground biological warfare.

26 also serve as countermeasures to biological warfare.

27 astoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare.

28 distribution in the absence of punishment or warfare.

29 mentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare(1).

30 otulinum toxin, and aflatoxin for biological warfare; 200 bombs and 25 ballistic missiles laden with

31 Data from precolonial warfare, 501 recent wars, and 129 customary court sessio

32 specialization(4), cooperation(5) and cyclic warfare(6-8).

33 state conflicts, unconventional or guerrilla warfare against established governments, and stateless t

34 otulinum, Vaccinia virus, and one biological warfare agent (BWA) simulant, Bacillus thuringiensis kur

35 mits is observed in the analysis of chemical warfare agent (CWA) degradation products in environmenta

36 termine oxidation products of three chemical warfare agent (CWA) related phenylarsenic compounds from

37 pectrometer (IM(tof)MS) to detect a chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant from aerosol samples.

38 fication of single particles of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used

39 spectrometer (IM(tof)MS) to detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants from both aqueous- and gas

40 Aerosolized chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants trimethyl phosphate, dimet

41 Detection of chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants, illicit drugs, and explos

42 Ion mobility spectra of chemical warfare agent (CWA) stimulant dimethyl methylphosphonate

43 ic oxidative decontamination of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) sulfur mustard (HD, bis(2-chlororeth

44 using fixed sampling times for the chemical warfare agent (CWA) surrogate compound, diisopropyl meth

45 t, similar to Lewisite, a potential chemical warfare agent and an environmental contaminant.

46 bons and the high-speed analysis of chemical warfare agent and explosive markers.

47 agnostic reagents for a potential biological warfare agent and hold promise as scaffolds for the deve

48 time and label free detection of biological warfare agent and provide an opportunity to make miniatu

49 tigated compounds include an intact chemical warfare agent and structurally related molecules, hydrol

50 CE-based method for the analysis of chemical warfare agent degradation products in agent neutralizati

51 been developed for the analysis of chemical warfare agent degradation products in reaction masses us

52 al monitoring and to chemical and biological warfare agent detection.

53 lysis, environmental testing, and biological warfare agent detection.

54 d as a life-threatening potential biological warfare agent due to its high virulence, transmission, m

55 tly, a new class of reactivators of chemical warfare agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with

56 Lewisite is a potent arsenic-based chemical warfare agent known to induce painful cutaneous inflamma

57 ng the hydrolysis of the very toxic chemical warfare agent mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) in the

58 ilized insecticide paraoxon and the chemical warfare agent sarin.

59 ld increase in activity against the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate

60 or the trace analysis in air of the chemical warfare agent simulant methyl salicylate (1.24 ppb) and

61 of adsorption and decomposition of chemical warfare agent simulants on Zr-based MOFs open new opport

62 Using a set of chemical warfare agent simulants with nominally the same reduced

63 morphine), organic salts, peptides, chemical warfare agent simulants, and other small organic compoun

64 y related precursor ions, including chemical warfare agent simulants, fentanyls and other opioids, am

65 Data are given for chemical warfare agent simulants, methyl salicylate, and dimethyl

66 ity for NPPMP, the analogue for the chemical warfare agent soman.

67 Incorporation of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) produces a covalent ad

68 t precursors of the extremely toxic chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard and classified, respectivel

69 positive and negative ions with VX chemical warfare agent surrogates representing the amine (triethy

70 oxic and environmentally persistent chemical warfare agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl me

71 n S (P-S bond), an analogue for the chemical warfare agent VX.

72 ction and characterization of the biological warfare agent, B. anthracis, the causative agent of anth

73 enterotoxin B (SEB), a potential biological warfare agent, is a potent superantigen that contributes

74 d by aerosol and has been developed as a bio-warfare agent, making it an important pathogen to study

75 from exposure to a pesticide, paraoxon and a warfare agent, VX.

76 global health threat and possible biological warfare agent.

77 en recently considered a possible biological warfare agent.

78 plant toxin used as a poison and biological warfare agent; shiga toxin is a homologue expressed by p

79 are examined as decontaminants for chemical warfare agents (CWA).

80 ganophosphorus chemicals, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and insecticides, are acutely toxi

81 toxic substances in air, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TI

82 ation of toxic chemicals, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TI

83 r an incident with suspected use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has occurred, fast and reliable de

84 enic chemicals that originated from chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been detected and identified

85 The recent alleged use of A-series chemical warfare agents (CWAs) highlights the urgent need to bett

86 The threat associated with chemical warfare agents (CWAs) motivates the development of new m

87 0%) efficiently decomposes adsorbed chemical warfare agents (CWAs) on microporous activated carbons u

88 agents, a class of extremely toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs), have remained a threat to humanit

89 or the mitigation of the effects of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), including sensing, catalysis and

90 ics, it has not yet been applied on chemical warfare agents (CWAs).

91 rbent design for protection against chemical warfare agents (organophosphorus nerve agents, blisterin

92 anophosphorus (OP) insecticides and chemical warfare agents act primarily by inhibiting acetylcholine

93 s, which are common constituents of chemical warfare agents and agricultural pesticides.

94 including organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, warfare agents and drugs, are AChE reversible or irrever

95 he symptoms of diseases caused by biological warfare agents and have Critical Incident Stress Debrief

96 nism may link vaccination against biological warfare agents and later ill health, but the risks of il

97 , identification, and validation of chemical warfare agents and other small-molecule analytes present

98 termeasure against organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and pesticides is warranted.

99 A series of ~20 drugs, V-type chemical warfare agents and pesticides, simulating toxic unknowns

100 asensitive detection of different biological warfare agents and their markers in different matrices.

101 A wide range of chemical warfare agents and their simulants are catalytically dec

102 Most of the organophosphate chemical warfare agents are a mixture of two stereoisomers at the

103 protection and treatment so that biological warfare agents are never used.

104 in-the-field detection of traces of chemical warfare agents as well as to differentiate between the r

105 who had witnessed the demolition of chemical warfare agents at the Khamisiyah site in Iraq had a grea

106 Chemical warfare agents containing phosphonate ester bonds are am

107 The threat of terrorists using biological warfare agents has received increased attention in recen

108 etection of multiple simulants of biological warfare agents have been developed.

109 -2 outbreak and the alarming use of chemical warfare agents highlight the necessity to produce effici

110 stable immunoassays for the detection of bio warfare agents in complex matrices.

111 ection scheme for the analysis of biological warfare agents is demonstrated using Bacillus globigii s

112 trumentation to accurately detect biological warfare agents such as B. anthracis, emergency responder

113 apture and catalytic degradation of chemical warfare agents such as sarin and sulfur mustard using me

114 ovide here a primer on 10 classic biological warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being

115 that range from the detection of biological warfare agents to pharmaceutical screening.

116 risk that is posed by microbes as biological warfare agents using the basic principles of microbial c

117 Chemical warfare agents were demolished by US soldiers at Khamisi

118 se for the screening of explosives, chemical warfare agents, and illicit drugs.

119 hosphates, including pesticides and chemical warfare agents, at rates approaching the diffusion contr

120 Titration curves for two biological warfare agents, Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis,

121 ction of narcotics, explosives, and chemical warfare agents, drift tube ion mobility spectrometry rel

122 rmaceutical compounds, detection of chemical warfare agents, environmental hygiene technology, prelim

123 l organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, chemical warfare agents, lubricants, and plasticizers, leading to

124 ntal remediation, detoxification of chemical warfare agents, photocatalytic energy conversions, and e

125 tification of the three potential biological warfare agents, ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and

126 y and accurately detect potential biological warfare agents, such as Bacillus anthracis, causal agent

127 Among the chemical warfare agents, the extremely toxic nerve agent VX (O-et

128 technique for the identification of chemical warfare agents, toxic chemicals, or explosives in air.

129 monitoring degradation products of chemical warfare agents, with advantages of speed/warning, effici

130 n of organophosphate pesticides and chemical warfare agents.

131 iable identification of potential biological warfare agents.

132 ted organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare agents.

133 rrorism responses to biological and chemical warfare agents.

134 on of agricultural insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

135 anophosphate-based insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

136 sites that produce the compounds as chemical warfare agents.

137 ddition, these toxins are suspected chemical warfare agents.

138 nerve agent is one of the deadliest chemical warfare agents.

139 n of toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents.

140 in the catalytic decontamination of chemical warfare agents.

141 hemicals including insecticides and chemical warfare agents.

142 e agents), and blistering and incapacitating warfare agents.

143 racteristics for the destruction of chemical warfare agents.

144 ong veterans potentially exposed to chemical warfare agents; 2) compare the findings of factor analys

145 of veterans potentially exposed to chemical warfare agents; however, veterans who had witnessed the

146 phates have been adapted for use as chemical warfare agents; the most well-known are GA, GB, GD, GF,

147 rganophosphorus (OP) pesticides and chemical warfare agents; therefore, they warrant exploration.

148 d with individuals exposed to high-intensity warfare alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warf

149 The warfare among microbial species as well as between patho

150 We studied warfare among the Turkana, a politically uncentralized,

151 We did a warfare analysis laboratory exercise using evidence-base

152 Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographi

153 ocin peptides are weapons of inter-bacterial warfare and belong to the larger group of antimicrobial

154 is one of the deadliest agents of biological warfare and bioterrorism.

155 alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lif

156 arfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lif

157 d Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional warfare and chemical weapons).

158 g individuals exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons, prevalence rates for lifet

159 bial natural products exploited in bacterial warfare and chemotherapeutic trials.

160 shapes other mechanisms, including bacterial warfare and cross-feeding, to define microbiome composit

161 etion system (T6SS) is a weapon of bacterial warfare and host cell subversion.

162 The recent worldwide surge of warfare and hostilities exposes increasingly large numbe

163 Vaccination against biological warfare and multiple routine vaccinations were associate

164 In humans, success in warfare and other collective conflicts depends on both f

165 SWCC are trained to execute high-risk warfare and reconnaissance missions typically operating

166 ury is an all-too-common outcome from modern warfare and sport, and lacks a reproducible model for as

167 ical agents have been used as instruments of warfare and terror for thousands of years to produce fea

168 rol and Prevention as a potential biological warfare and terrorism agent.

169 The threat of biological warfare and the emergence of new infectious agents sprea

170 of peaceful societies, historical trends of warfare and violence, and cooperation say otherwise.

171 warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), and Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional

172 then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desir

173 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

174 ological terrorism, bioterrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

175 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

176 cal weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare.

177 ular systems involved in secretion, defense, warfare, and gene transfer.

178 effectors, the recently recognised small RNA warfare, and genomic aspects of secondary metabolite bio

179 onse to natural disasters, to the ravages of warfare, and most recently, to medical response after te

180 tions in the formation of complex societies, warfare, and regulation.

181 red the balkanization of polities, increased warfare, and the asynchronous disintegration of polities

182 Conflict and warfare are central but also disputed themes in discussi

183 gies of psychological survival during active warfare are not clearly understood.

184 At the center of this host-pathogen warfare are proteins called effectors that are delivered

185 ring the Persian Gulf War, Iraq's biological warfare arsenal probably would have been militarily inef

186 caused by additionally structurally distinct warfare arsenicals including diphenylchlorarsine (DPCA),

187 ut provides a striking example of asymmetric warfare as well as a bacterial equivalent to the trappin

188 rus (OP) nerve agents were used for chemical warfare, assassination, and attempted murder of individu

189 mical sample collectors following a chemical warfare attack (CWA).

190 ober 2001, the first disseminated biological warfare attack was perpetrated on American soil.

191 nic fungi and their hosts engage in chemical warfare, attacking each other with toxic products of sec

192 ments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies.

193 Furthermore, Turkana norms governing warfare benefit the ethnolinguistic group, a population

194 dcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier pos

195 One hypothesis is that intense warfare between groups favored altruism within groups, a

196 The engineering of active warfare between microbial species establishes a framewor

197 ict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking.

198 found among those exposed to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons (31%, 8%, 26%, and 1

199 Exposure to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons was also significant

200 action problem exists not only in offensive warfare, but also in defensive situations.

201 at toxin plasmid transfer is feasible during warfare, but the resulting transconjugants remain rare.

202 h in the same way in offensive and defensive warfare: by strong leadership, discipline, rewards and p

203 ed to deter Iraq from reacquiring biological warfare capability and must take steps to develop a mult

204 ed by the release of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents, detection of airborne pathogens is

205 d broader societal impacts of Classic period warfare, clarify the war statement's meaning and show th

206 oli secrete colibactin during interbacterial warfare, concomitantly exposing the host to an increasin

207 ironmental remediation of pesticide/chemical warfare contaminated areas.

208 tants, suggesting indiscriminate or targeted warfare contrary to international humanitarian law and p

209 their precursors as defined by the chemical warfare convention treaty verification were used in this

210 ribed by Schedule 1, 2, or 3 of the Chemical Warfare Convention treaty verification, was used in this

211 ribed by Schedule 1, 2, or 3 of the Chemical Warfare Convention treaty verification, were used in thi

212 ng investigated for the sourcing of chemical warfare (CW) agents and their starting materials that ma

213 flight mass spectrometer to analyze chemical warfare (CW) degradation products from aqueous environme

214 cal roles of fungal secondary metabolites in warfare, defence and development.

215 nd drug screening to chemical and biological warfare detection, inexpensive, rapid-readout, portable

216 that endows a long-term benefit in pathogen warfare due to the developmental activation of mobile ge

217 of divalent Hg(II) to volatile Hg(0)), (iii) warfare (e.g., conversion of arsenite to highly toxic tr

218 at the Maya engaged in tactics akin to total warfare earlier and more frequently than previously thou

219 ntal factors, such as chemical or biological warfare exposure, were considered.

220 weapons of terror as well as instruments of warfare for mass destruction.

221 ploration of new niches, and engage in group warfare for niche dominance.

222 tional aspects (major battles, techniques of warfare, geopolitical strategies, etc.), curiously, the

223 Among the low-intensity warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8%, 2%, 18%,

224 6), compared with those in the low-intensity warfare group.

225 Biological warfare has been renounced by 140 nations, primarily for

226 Biological warfare has evolved from the crude use of cadavers to co

227 The new reality of biologic terrorism and warfare has ignited a debate about whether to reintroduc

228 Classic period (250-950 CE) Maya warfare has largely been viewed as ritualized and limite

229 ia Yersinia pestis as an agent of biological warfare have highlighted the need for a safe, efficaciou

230 Although helping facilitate this chemical warfare, HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppr

231 bioterrorism, biological agents, biological warfare, hospital preparedness, disaster management, and

232 This analysis supports a 'trench warfare' hypothesis, in which advances and retreats of r

233 tral Pan would not have engaged in intensive warfare if we consider bonobo behavior, but modern human

234 rizontal gene transfer can reshape bacterial warfare in a way that benefits a weapon gene and strains

235 sociation with indigenous solar religion and warfare in Mexico may have led to its suppression after

236 2004 of 153 civilians in 3 towns exposed to warfare in northwestern Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity

237 evolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early d

238 assic explanation for the prevalence of such warfare in some human societies is leadership by self-se

239 The importance of warfare in the evolution of human social behavior remain

240 Evidence of violent warfare in the Terminal Classic period (800-950 CE) is i

241 emphasised group-level competition, such as warfare, in moulding human cooperation and sociality.

242 rstanding mortality that results from modern warfare, in which 90% of casualties are civilian, and id

243 Warfare intensity, in turn, depended on the spread of hi

244 Bacterial warfare is a fascinating topic for ecology and evolution

245 Exposure to chemical warfare is an extreme traumatic event that has long-last

246 To evaluate whether participation in warfare is associated with reproductive benefits, we pre

247 Tactical warfare is considered a driver of the evolution of human

248 The origin of human violence and warfare is controversial, and some scholars contend that

249 The history of biological warfare is difficult to assess because of a number of co

250 f the types of injuries that occur in modern warfare is essential to plan operations and maintain a h

251 Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact.

252 of cells that actually lyse during bacterial warfare is unknown.

253 veal the importance of tracing the events of warfare, its psychosocial consequences, and the distinct

254 in these three major mechanisms of bacterial warfare lead to an unbalanced community that is dominate

255 l use of Y. pestis as an agent of biological warfare mean that plague still poses a threat to human h

256 sistent with balanced-polymorphism or trench-warfare models of host-parasite coevolution.

257 were exposed either to urban violence or to warfare more than a decade earlier.

258 stence was investigated for several chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on indoor surfa

259 The persistence of chemical warfare nerve agent degradation analytes on surfaces is

260 ormation during the hydrolysis of a chemical warfare nerve agent simulant over a polyoxometalate cata

261 Organophosphorus compounds, such as chemical warfare nerve agents and pesticides, are known to cause

262 on against multiple lethal doses of chemical warfare nerve agents in vivo.

263 therapeutic against the toxicity of chemical warfare nerve agents.

264 has investigated the effects of violence and warfare on individuals' well-being, mental health, and i

265 s--bacteria, viruses, or toxins--as tools of warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their

266 n clinical medicine as well as in biological warfare or terrorism incidents.

267 the greatest concern from a bioterrorism or warfare perspective, potentially capable of causing mass

268 From a bioterrorism and warfare perspective, these agents are likely to cause ma

269 is membrane are the instruments of microbial warfare, playing key roles in microbial pathogenesis, vi

270 tion assays to demonstrate that intraspecies warfare presents a significant barrier to strain coexist

271 evidence of interpersonal violence and early warfare presents important insights into conflict in pas

272 odern reincarnation of the Soviet biological warfare program.

273 nt and proliferation of offensive biological warfare programs.

274 Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity conventional warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), a

275 plied to the direct detection of 13 chemical warfare related compounds, including sarin, and compared

276 : narcotic/psychotropic substances, chemical warfare-related compounds and dual-use items.

277 the nature and broader consequences of Maya warfare remain poorly understood.

278 0, shotguns and M-16s were adopted into Enga warfare, setting off some 15 years of devastation as you

279 tic activity for the breakdown of a chemical warfare simulant (dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate, DMNP

280 -chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES, a chemical warfare simulant of mustard gas).

281 IMS data of three chemical warfare simulants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, triethyl

282 quisition dimensions on IMS data of chemical warfare simulants.

283 This simple act of nutritional warfare, starving the invader of an essential element, i

284 ential to be integrated into many electronic warfare systems.

285 d intelligence gathering, a major biological warfare terrorist attack can be prevented, the history o

286 Lanchester, Aircraft in Warfare, the Dawn of the Fourth Arm].

287 oviding fast transportation and transforming warfare, the horse had an impact on human history with n

288 With the threat of biological warfare, the U.S.

289 about the physical consequences of chemical warfare, there is a paucity of information about the lon

290 ed with individuals exposed to low-intensity warfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare an

291 aerosolized for use as a potential biologic warfare threat agent.

292 te the Gulf War defeat, the Iraqi biological warfare threat has not been extinguished.

293 hough its toxicity makes BoNT/A a biological warfare threat, its biologic activity makes it an increa

294 we develop an ecological model of bacterial warfare to understand the impacts of horizontal gene tra

295 In this population, internal warfare unites multiple communities, and co-unokais stra

296 as toxins for functions related to bacterial warfare, virulence, and secretion.

297 h of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relati

298 y for extreme territorial-based violence and warfare, whilst also engaging in the strong affiliative

299 olecules (bacteriocins) for their continuous warfare with other microorganisms.

300 e rule, and the cessation of Ptolemaic state warfare with their great rival, the Seleukid Empire.