ライフサイエンスコーパス: wavelength

1 g spontaneous calcium release and increasing wavelength.

2 red to the resolution allowed by the thermal wavelength.

3 er is the highest value ever reached at this wavelength.

4 ogical charges at a single telecommunication wavelength.

5 irection, at distances multiple of half of a wavelength.

6 labeling performance across a broad range of wavelength.

7 on current enhances with increasing emission wavelength.

8 racterized by structure of the corresponding wavelength.

9 stic feature pitch proportional to the input wavelength.

10 ent of dimerization with a single excitation wavelength.

11 r ITO films with thicknesses larger than the wavelength.

12 anin in response to photoexcitation with any wavelength.

13 d be generated by controlling the excitation wavelength.

14 weak illumination of 75 muW/cm(2) of 265 nm wavelength.

15 111 times thinner than the longest absorbed wavelength.

16 e can reach 200 micrometres at near-infrared wavelengths.

17 and only minor reconfiguration for different wavelengths.

18 cally operated at single and comparably long wavelengths.

19 th distinct luminescence decays at different wavelengths.

20 ation of antagonistic responses to different wavelengths.

21 e brightest class I protostars at millimetre wavelengths.

22 , but was lower than NHCl(2) at other tested wavelengths.

23 tinction by biological constituents at these wavelengths.

24 ics an option at a range of lengthscales and wavelengths.

25 orption and emission peaks toward blue-light wavelengths.

26 ity of the IVth Purkinje image for different wavelengths.

27 est excitation wavelengths) to zero at short wavelengths.

28 gnificant responses to light emitting diodes wavelengths.

29 350-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1,000 nm) wavelengths.

30 cts their application, especially at shorter wavelengths.

31 irradiation with visible light of different wavelengths.

32 by endogenous stimuli and light of different wavelengths.

33 h 10.6 mum and a Trumpf Yb-YAG disk laser of wavelength 1.030 mum were used with a beam diameter of 1

34 A continuous-wave CO2 laser of wavelength 10.6 mum and a Trumpf Yb-YAG disk laser of wa

35 ion/emission covering the whole mid-infrared wavelength(11-15).

36 By engraving discrete sub-wavelength 1D surface relief gratings of different pitch

37 for higher-energy, solar-blind ultraviolet-C wavelengths (200-280 nm) are lacking.

38 both scanning (230 to 300 nm) and individual wavelength (240, 255, and 275 nm) detection modes.

39 pH 6.5 and pH 8.5 with irradiation at three wavelengths (254, 311, and 365 nm).

40 efficiency as antenna size decreases below a wavelength (30 m at 1 MHz) has made portable communicati

41 sulted in lower surface coverage at the same wavelength (330 nm).

42 rinated probes each use two distinct visible wavelengths (520 and 410 or 460 nm) for isomerization wi

43 light dose, 50 J/cm2; dose rate, 600 mW/cm2; wavelength, 689 nm PDT applied to the treatment eye for

44 light dose, 25 J/cm2; dose rate, 600 mW/cm2; wavelength, 689 nm PDT applied to the treatment eye for

45 a broad near-infrared region spectral range (wavelength, 700-1,200 nm), making them suitable as trace

46 ion upon irradiation with light at different wavelengths, a process that can alter their physical and

47 the longer wavelength LEDs with an emission wavelength above 470 nm exhibit negative polarization de

48 s its parent in mice and flies at excitation wavelengths above 1,000 nm and enables improved two-colo

49 ed to improve the release efficiency of long-wavelength absorbing BODIPY photocages by synthesizing s

50 These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability o

51 The twisted bodipy shows intense long wavelength absorption (e=1.76x10(5) m(-1) cm(-1) at 630

52 ced charge transfer character of the longest wavelength absorption band was confirmed.

53 volution of the wrinkling features including wavelength and amplitude, as well as the critical strain

54 highly unusual in five respects: 1) All long-wavelength and short/middle-wavelength photoreceptive un

55 t luminescence research to the ultraviolet-C wavelengths and brings persistent luminescence applicati

56 neous induction of strong CD signals at long wavelengths and distinct UV changes which together allow

57 beled with a different signature of emission wavelengths and mixed with other samples just minutes be

58 x 10(6) (i.e., resolution < 0.3 pm at 1-mum wavelengths) and can also detect spectral bandwidths of

59 the CdSe core peak UV-vis absorption and ORF wavelengths, and increases their peak cross-sections, bu

60 use of (i) native intrinsic potassium single-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods (K-SAD), (ii) us

61 al residues truncated (Chd(T)), using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion refined to 1.96 angstrom

62 This dual-wavelength approach, combined with high flux and high sp

63 Biosensors optimized for these wavelengths are needed for both next-generation microsco

64 Visual wavelengths are not only associated with the subjective

65 To understand how specific light wavelengths are received in both external and internal o

66 photoconductance using UV light with 400 nm wavelength, arising from excitation across the nanosurfa

67 e of 80 to 100%, and allowed identifying the wavelengths associated with the different chocolates tha

68 eV)-based photoconductor exhibits a cut-off wavelength at ~1.7 mum and gives a responsivity of 1.5 A

69 tron beamline designed to be tunable to long wavelengths at Diamond Light Source has opened the possi

70 n 510 nm, yellow 595 nm or orange 622 nm LED wavelengths at total photosynthetic photon flux density

71 MPOD levels were measured by a two-wavelength autofluorescence imaging technique.

72 ls characterised by the presence of wide sub-wavelength band gap.

73 ion, integrated over the entire 300-1,200 nm wavelength band.

74 ing in the common optical telecommunications wavelength band.

75 ow D. suzukii are predominantly sensitive to wavelengths below 405 nm (ultraviolet) and above 565 nm

76 s, furnishing particles with center emission wavelengths between 1000 and 1500 nm and narrow photolum

77 ensitive to external perturbations and reach wavelengths beyond the optical range(8) that are accessi

78 equire activation by high energy UV or short wavelength blue light, which can limit their use as a co

79 In contrast, use of the same input wavelengths but in the opposite order produced no change

80 its reemission at a lower energy and longer wavelength by a living organism.

81 ator can be utilized to control the resonant wavelength by adjusting the bunch sequence frequency.

82 We tuned responses to different wavelengths, by using nanorods of different lengths, and

83 Its emission wavelength can be tuned over the visible and near-infrar

84 The peak emission wavelength can be varied from 290 nm to 355 nm by changi

85 was benchmarked against a standard variable wavelength capillary LC detector.

86 narrow spectrum whose height and position in wavelength changes when it is subjected to vibrations.

87 he excitation remained localized on the long-wavelength chlorophyll forms within 0.1-20 ps and reveal

88 controlled by energy transfer from the long-wavelength chlorophyll to P(700).

89 ergy transfer from chlorophyll-a to the long-wavelength chlorophylls-f/d The data demonstrate the dec

90 Visible-wavelength color and reflectance provide information abo

91 materials are shifted toward slightly higher wavelengths compared to the analogous indolo[3,2,1-jk]ca

92 timization of the reaction conditions (i.e., wavelength, concentration of the reagents, photosensitiz

93 two luminescence emission bands at different wavelengths corresponded to the europium-doped luminesce

94 uspension can be continuously tuned over two-wavelength cycles by moderate magnetic fields below 0.8

95 By shifting the excitation wavelength deep into the NIR, both NIR one-photon absorp

96 number of linked CT entities, and excitation wavelength dependence in governing the lifetime of CS st

97 The excitation wavelength dependence of (1)O(2) generation from CDOM wa

98 a unified theoretical basis for the observed wavelength dependence of absorption in green plants, pur

99 ific mass absorption cross-section (MAC) and wavelength dependence of different BrC components were q

100 tic processes from enzymes to evolution; the wavelength dependence of the effects of solar radiation

101 The wavelength-dependence was more influenced by the molar a

102 l(2) photodecay rates exhibited the opposite wavelength-dependence.

103 OM photoprocesses, especially in relation to wavelength-dependent (1)O(2) production, which is valuab

104 paipai* excitation largely accounts for the wavelength-dependent behavior observed in azobenzene.

105 This results in a tunable wavelength-dependent melting temperature (T(m) ) window

106 Despite this, its wavelength-dependent photochemistry has puzzled research

107 Here, the wavelength-dependent photochemistry of vinylneoxanthobil

108 overall signal in AFM-IR is affected by the wavelength-dependent reflectivity and thermal response o

109 Subsequent observations(3) at millimetre wavelengths detected a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich decrement alon

110 waveguiding channels can be affected by sub-wavelength disorder, resulting in undesirable localizati

111 next generation of multidimensional OAM-spin-wavelength division multiplexing technology.

112 ple signals through the same physical fiber (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM).

113 tronic-photonic computing architecture for a wavelength division multiplexing-based electronic-photon

114 ctra below the diffraction limit of infrared wavelengths, doing so in an easy-to-use reflection (far-

115 ic resonators (or meta-atoms) carrying short wavelength electro- and/or magneto-inductive waves suppo

116 cies are consistently achieved, with (single-wavelength) emissions reaching 10(7) counts.mW(-1).s(-1)

117 heir fluorescent patterning, and the primary wavelengths emitted in response to blue excitation light

118 such as high-speed data processing and long-wavelength energy harvesting.

119 We demonstrate that the long wavelength excitation and emission properties of these m

120 The resulting long wavelength excitation/absorption bands are a synergistic

121 faces with diverse, spatially programmed sub-wavelength features into a 3D monolith, to manipulate li

122 h their relative distance, demonstrating sub-wavelength field control over levitating polystyrene bea

123 detection of NIR-II and NIR-I (700-900 nm in wavelength) fluorescence (by using the dye indocyanine g

124 (GECIs) can provide advantages over visible wavelength fluorescent GECIs in terms of reduced phototo

125 of electromagnetic radiation (light) at one wavelength followed by its reemission at a lower energy

126 ps retains a substantial shift toward longer wavelengths for both absorption and emission with squara

127 eak purity tests and response ratios at dual wavelengths for the individual vitamins in all tested sa

128 timizations (maximize reflection for a given wavelength, for a broad range of wavelength or maximize

129 lly expected for waves with vastly different wavelengths, for example, branched flow has been suggest

130 ant wave height [Formula: see text] and peak wavelength [Formula: see text] Furthermore, the characte

131 y rates of NH(2)Cl decreased with increasing wavelength from 255 to 300 nm, while NHCl(2) photodecay

132 2) V(-1) s(-1) with wide range of absorption wavelength from 300 to 750 nm demonstrating the synergis

133 ced light, any spectral bandwidth and centre wavelength from 390 to 730 nm can be selected to produce

134 demonstrate rapid optoelectronic response to wavelengths from 450 to 750 nm, and successfully remove

135 In short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) images, speck

136 th inter-eye symmetry that presents on short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) imaging with

137 sfer is suppressed with excitation at longer wavelengths (>=420 nm), where the spectrum is dominated

138 edge surface modes excited at the free space wavelength hundred times larger than their physical dime

139 tional formulas, to a wide range of incident wavelengths (i.e., well beyond the long-wavelength regim

140 topolymerization, which makes ultrasonic sub-wavelength imaging in water using polymeric metamaterial

141 ovide a much more granular interpretation of wavelength importance.

142 but they assemble into helices of conserved wavelength in response linked to gravitropism.

143 ded by bichromatic pumping: one laser with a wavelength in the anomalous dispersion regime of the mic

144 mit by >8 times at lambda = 1.7 mum resonant wavelength in the far-field.

145 ent a promising route due to their nanoscale wavelength in the gigahertz frequency range and rich phe

146 olysis of jet-cooled H(2)S molecules at many wavelengths in the range 122 <= lambda <=155 nm offer a

147 pectra rapidly across all fingerprint region wavelengths in transmission configuration.

148 At GHz frequencies, ultrasonic wavelengths in water are a few microns and have an absor

149 Their 150 m wavelength indicates that the north-flowing water that d

150 f proteins, lipids, and glucose in the short-wavelength IR region, performed at 4 degrees C, lead to

151 r a valuable source of information for fixed wavelength IRMPD exploited in dissociation protocols of

152 ween the switching magnitude and the applied wavelength is depicted.

153 The required EUV light, at 13.5 nm wavelength, is produced in a hot and dense laser-driven

154 The shortest wavelength LED (443 nm) exhibits a positive 0.15 polariz

155 0.15 polarization degree, while the longest wavelength LED (555 nm) shows a negative -0.33 polarizat

156 All the longer wavelength LEDs with an emission wavelength above 470 nm

157 ing materials for converting incoherent long-wavelength light into the visible range.

158 te many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology.

159 raction, X(PGPC), of the area of the shorter wavelength line and of dynamic light scattering-derived

160 addition and crosslinking of the polymers at wavelengths longer than 850 nm.

161 elength stress rotations but not the shorter-wavelength (<~200 km) rotations observed in the western

162 Data reveal that short-wavelength magnons continue to propagate until a mode cr

163 e we construct provides for an instantaneous wavelength-measurement technique with high resolving pow

164 ch as an optical meta surface which uses sub-wavelength meta-atoms, is often a high dimensional one.

165 the Ormia ochracea fly, which detects sound wavelengths much larger than its hearing organ.

166 ecome possible, and they are advantageous to wavelength multiplexing, coherent sampling, and self-ref

167 ls that are photoresponsive at near-infrared wavelengths (NIR).

168 ons in the superionic phase, while the short-wavelength nondispersive TA phonons break down.

169 racellular material that fluoresces at these wavelengths, not bacterial cells.

170 k ITO films reaching the ENZ regime around a wavelength of 1550 nm, which permit the design of such d

171 cates that the intensities of spectra at the wavelength of 414.234 (Fe I) nm and 396.054 (Al I) nm, a

172 is demonstrated to emit piezoluminescence of wavelength of 800-1500 nm at microstrain levels, which i

173 Using the 10.6 mum wavelength of a CO(2) laser, IRMPD suffers from the rela

174 As their size approaches the Fermi wavelength of electrons, metal NCs exhibit discrete ener

175 The product distribution can be tuned by the wavelength of irradiation based on the absorption of the

176 sensing detector optimized to operate at the wavelength of lambda = 10.6 mum.

177 se spin textures are localized within a half-wavelength of light, and exist on the timescale of the p

178 Growth using first a short wavelength of light, followed by growth using a longer w

179 ide films, considering both the ordering and wavelength of possible instabilities.

180 d as point-like objects when compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic modes with which they

181 tretched polymers and the maximum absorption wavelength of the empirical system was far away from the

182 gger the instability, and illustrate how the wavelength of the instability determines the size of the

183 f chirality can be controlled by varying the wavelength of UV irradiation.

184 The midinfrared wavelengths of 7.5 to 14 um are particularly important f

185 e photostationary state, such that different wavelengths of irradiation yield different quantities of

186 d to exhibit opponent responses to different wavelengths of light (color opponency).

187 ure is not triggered by the lower "damaging" wavelengths of light (UVB and UVA from 300-400 nm) but i

188 ycobilisomes enables them to utilize various wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.

189 and grating couplers, which delivers all the wavelengths of light required for ionization, cooling, c

190 elastodynamic properties that depend on the wavelengths of the incident waves and the microstructure

191 covalent adaptable hydrogels using different wavelengths of visible light.

192 (2020) evaluated dual-wavelength optical polarization imaging (OPI) for the de

193 mprising four sessions and assisted by multi-wavelength (optical and hard-X-ray) data.

194 urther multiplex protein regulation via dual-wavelength optogenetic control.

195 elongation has no effect on either the peak wavelength or intensity of the CdSe core UV-vis absorpti

196 for a given wavelength, for a broad range of wavelength or maximize the scattering of light), we have

197 late light by the spatial arrangement of sub-wavelength patterns with well-defined sizes and geometri

198 expressed single opsins; 2) most of the long-wavelength photoreceptive units expressed at least one m

199 cts: 1) All long-wavelength and short/middle-wavelength photoreceptive units expressed multiple opsin

200 semble level in the SWIR relative to visible wavelengths, primarily due to drastically reduced autofl

201 (2) > 0.93) than those based on few selected wavelengths (R(2) between 0.92 and 0.94).

202 e of less than 4% over a broad near-infrared wavelength range from 900-1400 nm.

203 ion spectral data points over the continuous wavelength range of 3.17-5.13 um (frequency span 1200 cm

204 ZE) ~ Phi(EZ) ~ 0.16) when irradiated in the wavelength range of 360-410 nm, whereas the E-isomer cyc

205 l volume, multiple-angle capabilities, broad wavelength range, and opportunities of multilayer applic

206 the selective emissivity of 78% in 8-13 mum wavelength range, and the design of nanofibres with a co

207 a high reflectivity of 96.3% in 0.3-2.5 mum wavelength range.

208 th highly stable emission in the ultraviolet wavelength range.

209 aying chiroptical activity in the 300-500 nm wavelength range.

210 mophore absorption bands in the 900-1,300 nm wavelength range.

211 energy absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range.

212 gh-resolution strain mapping, and with large wavelength ranges have been largely reserved to pulsed n

213 54 (Al I) nm, and the kurtosis of spectra at wavelength ranges of 484-490 nm and 508-518 nm, are the

214 radiation at 254 nm and action spectrum for wavelengths ranging from 214 to 289 nm were measured.

215 ) but instead is maximally induced by higher wavelengths ranging from 450-500 nm in skin to 500-600 n

216 with octave-spanning tuneability at discrete wavelengths reaching from 13 nm to 4 nm.

217 inhibition and autofluorescence via multiple wavelengths (red, blue, and green) and under various con

218 ning of the thermal emission spectrum in the wavelength regime from [Formula: see text] to 12 [Formul

219 However, the ENZ wavelength regime has not been studied carefully for ITO

220 dent wavelengths (i.e., well beyond the long-wavelength regime).

221 Lens densities were higher in the short wavelength region of the visible spectrum across all age

222 present, only produce coloration in the blue wavelength region of the visible spectrum.

223 neous absorbers and scatterers in the UV-vis wavelength region, and they all exhibit strong ORF emiss

224 they all exhibit strong ORF emission in the wavelength regions where the QDs both absorb and emit.

225 e and near-infrared wavelengths, the visible wavelengths required significantly lower laser exposure

226 must be sacrificed in order to achieve high wavelength resolution for a relevant bandwidth e.g. thro

227 ue to the fact, that the efficiency for high wavelength resolution measurements is significantly high

228 uited to increase the available flux of high wavelength resolution time-of-flight neutron Bragg edge

229 of light, followed by growth using a longer wavelength, resulted in the second-stage morphology exhi

230 Xenon (LXe) detectors are shifted to higher wavelengths resulting in its efficient detection using t

231 Using dual-wavelength RSOM, which distinguishes oxyhaemoglobin from

232 d high-speed electro-optic modulation at the wavelength scale paves a crucial foundation for realizin

233 ddressed when the pixel dimension approaches wavelength scale.

234 vestigated and a new genetic algorithm-based wavelength selection method is proposed.

235 In this study, several wavelength selection methods are investigated and a new

236 (BP) is exploited to achieve visual memory, wavelength-selective multibit programming, and erasing f

237 h-sensitive cones to long (L) and medium (M) wavelength-sensitive cones [3,4].

238 ly pathway necessary for comparing short (S) wavelength-sensitive cones to long (L) and medium (M) wa

239 ta (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photorecept

240 eceptive units expressed at least one middle-wavelength-sensitive opsin transcript; 3) the photorecep

241 dii eye, which are predicted to form 20 long-wavelength-sensitive, 10 middle-wavelength-sensitive, an

242 form 20 long-wavelength-sensitive, 10 middle-wavelength-sensitive, and three UV-sensitive visual pigm

243 Binding is concomitant with a significant wavelength shift and an enhancement of the ligand fluore

244 nd a photodetector to measure simultaneously wavelength shift and light power variations.

245 mission loss was -14.07 dB, and the resonant wavelength shift was 11.239 nm.

246 es a decrease in current and increase in LMR wavelength shift were recorded in EC and optical domain,

247 PDS fabrication and widespread use for other wavelength shifting applications.

248 demonstrated the deposition of the QD-based wavelength shifting material on a large area PDS substra

249 Wavelength shifting photon detection systems (PDS) are t

250 rties of the phasor method, we transform the wavelength space into information-rich color maps for RG

251 verage absorption of over 90% in the visible wavelength span of 400-750 nm.

252 itivity and resolution of MS/MS, relies on a wavelength specific fragmentation process occurring on r

253 detectors and sensors operating in this long-wavelength spectral range.

254 rewarding properties of opposite ends of the wavelength spectrum, as well as their individual variati

255 mantle flow, successfully predict most large-wavelength stress rotations but not the shorter-waveleng

256 specially designed nanoparticles and visible-wavelength sunlight.

257 superconducting qubits that couple to short-wavelength surface acoustic waves(4-10), probing the pro

258 nalysis, normalized and non-normalized short-wavelength (SW-AF) and near-infrared (NIR-AF) autofluore

259 rates by employing pulse-modulated, rapidly wavelength-swept lasers and inertia-free beam steering t

260 w [Formula: see text] The breakdown of short-wavelength TA phonons is directly related to the Ag diff

261 oupled magnetization dynamics using a single wavelength that probes the magneto-optical Kerr and Fara

262 ts in spectral sensitivity toward the longer wavelengths that dominate below the sea surface.

263 ides an absorption profile that has specific wavelengths that offer selective excitation of the PE(4)

264 r cells and are sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths that peak within the light spectrum, the lat

265 gas generation and operates with irradiation wavelengths that span the ultraviolet to the red/near-in

266 By contrast to reflectance at shorter wavelengths, the shape and magnitude of MIR reflectance

267 ower conditions at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, the visible wavelengths required significan

268 violet region (i.e., become bluer at shorter wavelengths), then brighten in the visible to near-infra

269 Here, we demonstrated wavelength-thick ITO films reaching the ENZ regime aroun

270 of exemplary prototypes, implemented by sub-wavelength-thick metasurfaces, are demonstrated experime

271 using only one excitation and one detection wavelength, this setup avoids all sources of errors resu

272 ar-infrared spectra when excited at a single wavelength through optical colour coding.

273 ion can be explained by transmission of long wavelengths through the red screening pigment and by the

274 e emission of M2biQ can be tuned to specific wavelengths throughout the visible region by changing th

275 is made possible by adding the dimension of wavelength to the dataset.

276 ntly lower laser exposure than near infrared wavelengths to disable subjects, though near infrared so

277 dress this limitation; it uses three visible wavelengths to quantitate heterogeneous particle distrib

278 reases from unity (at the longest excitation wavelengths) to zero at short wavelengths.

279 ee text] We find that the heat-carrying long-wavelength transverse acoustic (TA) phonons coexist with

280 urveyed to date; however, the specific light wavelengths triggering this response have yet to be dete

281 ust room-temperature (RT) performance, broad wavelength tunability, high efficiency, and good quenchi

282 ing high-power (~100 GW), near single-cycle, wavelength tunable (3-20 um), infrared pulses using an 8

283 Exposure to high doses of solar long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA) damages human ski

284 undesirable shift (over 7 nm) toward longer wavelengths under operating conditions, degradation that

285 utilizing strain-driven currents at resonant wavelengths up to five orders of magnitude smaller than

286 ification for rhodamines that optimizes long-wavelength variants and enables facile functionalization

287 400 mm/year, whereas intermediate- and short-wavelength velocities are in the order of +/- 15 mm/year

288 We show that intermediate-wavelength velocities are useful for retrieving signals

289 Our results reveal that long-wavelength velocities exceed - 400 mm/year, whereas inte

290 an important role in the regulation of long-wavelength vision in vertebrates.

291 imate linear decrease with longer excitation wavelength was observed.

292 Thermal imaging at 8-um to 13-um wavelengths was completed on 30 test subjects with a sus

293 otolysis of NH(2)Cl and NHCl(2) at different wavelengths were determined experimentally and compared

294 Nine optimal wavelengths were selected by regression coefficients (RC

295 bathochromic shift in the maximal absorbance wavelength when CR is bound to amyloids.

296 us solution by strong water absorption at IR wavelengths, which reduces detection sensitivity.

297 The second near-infrared wavelength window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) enables fluor

298 s slab has a broad reflection band at yellow wavelength with low Fabry-Perot background at normal inc

299 sible spectrum, their properties in infrared wavelengths with potential ties to thermoregulation are

300 The movement of the lowest transmission wavelength within a specified Bragg-dip for each pixel i