ライフサイエンスコーパス: whisker

1 er curve to the basal section of each target whisker.

2 ralateral thalamus and cortex represent each whisker.

3 antified every 5 mm along the length of each whisker.

4 object angles by active exploration with one whisker.

5 s on airspeed and the intrinsic shape of the whisker.

6 ontinually sample the environment with their whiskers.

7 rates and low sensitivity to the movement of whiskers.

8 continuous map of the space swept out by the whiskers.

9 uitable for visualization of one or more rat whiskers.

10 nd contralateral stimulation of the specific whiskers.

11 the trigeminal nerve (PrV) correspond to the whiskers.

12 e responses to the deflection of surrounding whiskers.

13 rissae in the lower jaw but not from trident whiskers.

14 These results indicate that the movement of whiskers, a behavior that is not instructed or necessary

15 tryptamine (5-HT) receptors are expressed on whisker Abeta-afferent endings and that their activation

16 , primary among them the low contrast of the whisker against its background.

17 e of sensory input were driven by volitional whisker and body movements.

18 osensory cues but can be performed using one whisker and enables task-relevant mechanical forces to b

19 o bending moment (torque) at the base of the whisker and its rate of change and largely explained by

20 re trained to localize a pole using a single whisker and to report their decision by selecting one of

21 We showed that the whiskers and activity in the primary somatosensory corte

22 without whisking and that this involves both whiskers and barrel cortex activity.

23 ypothesis to explain the interaction between whiskers and hydrodynamic fish trails.

24 the sensory receptors surrounding the snout whiskers and transmitted centrally to the brainstem (bar

25 ixed mice as they explored a pole with their whiskers, and simultaneously measured both whisker motio

26 enotype characterized by wavy hair and curly whiskers, and was associated with increased EGFR and HER

27 was evoked across L5, which represented the whisker angle at the time of touch.

28 These representations of whisker angle during self-motion and touch were independ

29 pulation was significantly more modulated by whisker angle than by phase.

30 n within a whisk cycle (phase), not absolute whisker angle, and arose from stresses reflecting whiske

31 ry neuron responses were poorly predicted by whisker angle, but well-predicted by rotational forces a

32 igh-frequency bursting activity at preferred whisker angles.

33 Movable tactile sensors in the form of whiskers are present in most mammals, but sensory coding

34 he caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the caudal whisker area (CWA) of M1.

35 rostral forelimb area (RFA) and the rostral whisker area (RWA).

36 We used a three-dimensional model of the whisker array to construct mappings between the horizont

37 stereotyped morphology of the rat vibrissal (whisker) array to investigate coding and transduction pr

38 the wide-spread occurrence of metallic iron whiskers as a decomposition product formed through irrad

39 ent from humans, many other mammals also use whiskers as an additional sensor to help navigate around

40 ed from distinct vibrations delivered to the whiskers, assembled in different orders.

41 gen partial pressure (PO(2)) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice.

42 c depolarization arose preferentially in the whisker barrel region of parietal sensory cortex.

43 l magnification of the penile cortex and the whisker-barrel-cortex systems.

44 n performance of animals trained on a simple whisker-based detection task.

45 y across motor cortex while mice performed a whisker-based object localization task with a delayed, d

46 c inactivation, we studied mice performing a whisker-based working memory task.

47 hypothesizes that the time derivative of the whisker bending moment is the best physical variable tha

48 egy where both the strength and direction of whisker bending were informative cues to pole location.

49 predicted from the direction and strength of whisker bending, but not from previous choice.

50 predicted from previous choice but not from whisker bending.

51 predicted by rotational forces acting on the whisker: both during touch and free-air whisker motion.

52 er receptive fields, including a single best whisker (BW) and lower magnitude responses to the deflec

53 The algorithm tracks whiskers, by fitting a 3D Bezier curve to the basal sect

54 ditional representations of the forelimb and whiskers, called the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and the

55 Finally, we show that Li whiskers can yield, buckle, kink or stop growing under c

56 rimary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory whisker cortex during texture discrimination behavior, s

57 eptors innervating facial regions other than whiskers could also provide information about whisking.

58 -whisker sequences that involve the columnar whisker (CW) and one specific surround whisker (SW), usu

59 ansforming the probabilistic distribution of whisker deflection amplitudes systematically while measu

60 onization during evoked responses induced by whisker deflection did not differ between the two groups

61 We found that a whisker deflection evoked abnormal sensory responses in

62 es, S1 neuronal responses to BW and surround whisker deflection showed comparable latencies in short-

63 isual stimuli, the magnitude of responses to whisker deflections is highest in the presence of optic

64 We used unilateral whisker denervation in male and female mice to detect ci

65 arrel cortex while mice performed an active, whisker-dependent object localization task.

66 hey showed noticeable deficits in all of the whisker-dependent or -related tests, including Y-maze ex

67 r performance in specific tests that require whisker-dependent tactile discrimination.

68 ssociates with deteriorated performance in a whisker-dependent texture discrimination task.

69 Unilateral whisker deprivation decreased the strength and spatial r

70 berrant structural plasticity in response to whisker deprivation, impaired texture novel object recog

71 are described in a mouse model of unilateral whisker deprivation.

72 A majority of whisker discrimination tasks in rodents are performed on

73 ts during wake and myoclonic twitches of the whiskers during active (REM) sleep.

74 in phase with the forward and back motion of whiskers during surface exploration.

75 tion bias increases the coding of stick-slip whisker events during protraction, suggesting that surfa

76 We show that in Mecp2-deficient male mice, whisker-evoked activity is roughly topographic but weak

77 etween wild-type and Fmr1 KO mice in overall whisker-evoked activity, though 45% fewer neurons in you

78 n contrast, chronic ACh deprivation hindered whisker-evoked CBF responses and the amplitude and power

79 enhanced ACh tone significantly potentiated whisker-evoked CBF responses through muscarinic ACh rece

80 In addition, the abnormally large size of whisker-evoked cortical maps in adult Fmr1 knockout mice

81 al surface) allows for convenient imaging of whisker-evoked neural activity in vivo.

82 Cerebrovascular reactivity and whisker-evoked neurovascular coupling responses were mea

83 assessed the effects of varying ACh tone on whisker-evoked NVC responses in rat barrel cortex, measu

84 we report new cortical regions downstream of whisker-evoked sensory processing during active explorat

85 The method consistently detected whisker-evoked spikes that were missed by the standard f

86 Correspondingly, whisker-evoked spiking was not increased in vivo despite

87 d that most neurons are not classical single-whisker feature detectors, but instead are strongly tune

88 rn to respond to rapid stimuli in the target whisker field and ignore identical stimuli in the opposi

89 dentical stimuli in the opposite, distractor whisker field.

90 mechanosensory nerve endings that innervate whisker follicles.

91 At room temperature, a submicrometre whisker grows under an applied voltage (overpotential) a

92 Whisker growth by ion irradiation is a novel and unexpec

93 (-/-) and WT mice spent a comparable time in whisker-guided exploration, indicating that whisker-medi

94 hly abundant in fingertips, touch domes, and whisker hair follicles of mammals.

95 Using mouse whisker hair follicles, we show herein that tactile stim

96 r, these units did not effectively integrate whisker impulses, but instead combined weak impulse resp

97 hout substantial temporal integration across whisker impulses.

98 nt a non-invasive, automatic system to track whiskers in 3D from high-speed video, creating the oppor

99 y of the tag to measure vibration in excised whiskers in a flume in response to laminar flow and dist

100 ovel manual stimulation technique to deflect whiskers in a way that decouples kinematics from mechani

101 rats run at high speed, they protract their whiskers in front of the snout without large movements.

102 found that adult puma fur and fur-normalized whiskers in our marine fog-influenced study region had a

103 ers, the algorithm is able to track multiple whiskers in parallel with low error rate.

104 ortex, the topographic representation of the whiskers in the primary somatosensory cortex (barrel fie

105 to produce a 3D description of each tracked whisker, including its 3D orientation and 3D shape, as w

106 er angle, and arose from stresses reflecting whisker inertia and activity of specific muscles.

107 algorithm that automatically reconstructs 3D whisker information directly from the 'stereo' video dat

108 Rodent whisker input consists of dense microvibration sequences

109 Lesions to whisker input pathways had similar effects.

110 Thus, S1 encoded fast time scale whisker input without substantial temporal integration a

111 ary somatosensory cortex, generated by multi-whisker interactions during active touch.

112 directly encode mechanical signals when the whisker is deflected in this decoupled stimulus space.

113 Each facial whisker is represented by discrete modules of neurons al

114 find that the sea lion's impressive array of whiskers is matched by a large trigeminal representation

115 nd mice, where the arrangement of the facial whiskers is preserved in the arrangement of cell aggrega

116 Visualization and tracking of the facial whiskers is required in an increasing number of rodent s

117 x, activity related to movement of digits or whiskers is suppressed, which could facilitate detection

118 Many species that possess whiskers lack the modular "barrel" organization found in

119 sensitivity to the force directed along the whisker length.

120 Here we show that whisker lesioning, known to dampen cortical activity, in

121 layer IV neurons and in microglia following whisker lesioning.

122 housed mice had a dispersed, salt-and-pepper whisker map in L2/3, but L4 was more topographically pre

123 lly, the spatial organization of boutons and whisker map organization revealed the subdivision of the

124 We compared whisker map somatotopy in L2/3 and L4 excitatory cells o

125 SW-tuned neurons, misplaced in the classical whisker map, had the strongest combination tuning.

126 We show in simulation how realistic whisker maps can self-organize, by assuming that informa

127 The two whisker maps crowd in a space normally devoted to the co

128 This led to formation of bilateral whisker maps in both the thalamus and the cortex.

129 d uncrossed sensory inputs creates bilateral whisker maps in the thalamus and cortex.

130 se line, leads to the formation of bilateral whisker maps in the ventroposteromedial, as well as the

131 Mice with bilateral whisker maps perform well in general sensorimotor tasks

132 interactions between the ipsi/contralateral whisker maps.

133 Here we show that the vibrations of seal whiskers may provide information about hydrodynamic even

134 discrimination task, nor does it affect the whiskers' mechanical properties.

135 This study investigates the whiskers' mechanical response to airflow and the associa

136 In rodents, whisker mechanoreceptors provide a signal that informs t

137 Whisker motion was encoded best by whisker mechanoreceptors, but also by those innervating

138 whisker-guided exploration, indicating that whisker-mediated behaviors are otherwise preserved in En

139 ideography has proven adequate for measuring whisker motion and deformation during interaction with a

140 r whiskers, and simultaneously measured both whisker motion and forces with high-speed videography.

141 By using prior knowledge of natural whisker motion and natural whisker shape to constrain th

142 Whisker motion was encoded best by whisker mechanorecept

143 the whisker: both during touch and free-air whisker motion.

144 grate incoming somatosensory information and whisker motor output.

145 Voluntary whisker movement activated FS neurons in the ventral pos

146 ory areas of the cerebral cortex involved in whisker movement control.

147 a miniature accelerometer tag to study seal whisker movement in situ.

148 Purkinje cells (PCs) in Crus 1 represent whisker movement via linear changes in firing rate, but

149 We found that during rhythmic whisker movement, 54 of 115 active neurons (47%) represe

150 and also show an increase in spike rate with whisker movement.

151 nucleus (VPM) fired in response to touch and whisker movement.

152 barrel cortex of neonatal rats, spontaneous whisker movements and passive stimulation by the litterm

153 ar dependence on stimulus duration as evoked whisker movements and S1 activity.

154 eption, consistent with the coding of evoked whisker movements by reafferent sensory input.

155 ad in Emx1-Cre;Ai27D transgenic mice induces whisker movements due to activation of ChR2 expressed in

156 in the barrel cortex of 5-day-old rats with whisker movements during wake and myoclonic twitches of

157 tes' position in the litter, and spontaneous whisker movements efficiently triggered bursts of activi

158 t is important to have methods for measuring whisker movements from behaving animals.

159 ed a high-speed imaging system that measures whisker movements simultaneously from two vantage points

160 Yet, whisker movements with touch were more efficient than fr

161 ity increased significantly within 500 ms of whisker movements, especially after twitches.

162 ty was attributable to sensory feedback from whisker movements.

163 rrel activity were preceded within 500 ms by whisker movements: at least 55% of barrel activity was a

164 is devoted to a penile-nerve-fiber than to a whisker-nerve-fiber.

165 In mice locating objects with their whiskers, neurons in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (

166 Accordingly, when tested in the whisker nuisance test, En2 (-/-) but not WT mice of both

167 ible to measure the mechanical forces due to whisker-object contact during behavior.

168 eed imaging and machine vision, we estimated whisker-object mechanical forces at millisecond resoluti

169 a 3D printed sea lion head, with integrated whiskers of comparable geometry and material properties

170 sory configurations-a single row or 3 caudal whiskers on each side of the snout.

171 Stimulation of the whiskers on either side activates the corresponding regi

172 li, the asymmetric movement, and position of whiskers on the two sides of the face signals whether th

173 inuous modulated noise sequence delivered to whiskers or fingertips, defined by its temporal patterni

174 hanoreceptors, but also by those innervating whisker pad hairy skin and supraorbital vibrissae.

175 ractions evoked by optogenetic activation of whisker pad muscles results in cortical activity and sen

176 anesthetized mice indicated that optogenetic whisker pad stimulation evokes robust yet longer latency

177 ead-fixed mice trained to report optogenetic whisker pad stimulation, psychometric curves showed simi

178 periodontium, tongue, olfactory epithelium, whisker pads and brainstem.

179 er S1, temporally dense stimulation of local whisker pairs revealed that most neurons are not classic

180 lots wherever feasible and violin or box-and-whisker plots when not.

181 atosensory cortex before and after selective whisker plucking.

182 L2/3, enrichment strengthened and sharpened whisker point representations, and created functional bo

183 d to the brain multiplexed information about whisker position and surface features, suggesting that p

184 ebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) linearly encode whisker position but the precise circuit mechanisms that

185 In rodent whisker sensation, whisker position signals, including whisking phase, are

186 Self-motion responses encoded whisker position within a whisk cycle (phase), not absol

187 rovide a signal that informs the brain about whisker position.

188 y, (2) even in the absence of tactile input, whisker positioning and asymmetry nevertheless relate to

189 We found that surround whiskers powerfully transform the cortical representatio

190 at interhemispheric takeover supports intact whisker processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Amputation, pe

191 togenetic stimulation of wM1 evokes rhythmic whisker protraction (whisking), whereas optogenetic inac

192 We conclude that whisker protractions evoked by optogenetic activation of

193 tized mice, we characterize the amplitude of whisker protractions evoked by varying the intensity, du

194 S1) and frontal cortices, including both the whisker region of primary motor cortex (wMC) and anterio

195 Sensory restoration via whisker regrowth returns these morphological alterations

196 Here, we show that in the whisker-related barrel cortex of neonatal rats, spontane

197 (S1) of mice and rats, but it is unclear how whisker-related input is represented in these species.

198 nts, possibly due to the smaller size of the whisker-related modules and interference between the ips

199 tte neurons cross the midline and confer the whisker-related patterning to the contralateral ventropo

200 re, we find that corticostriatal inputs from whisker-related primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1

201 peed, is modulated by the orientation of the whisker relative to the airflow, and is influenced by th

202 mammals, but sensory coding in the cortical whisker representation has been studied almost exclusive

203 e report ipsilateral cortical connections of whisker representation in RMA, and compare them with con

204 tical imaging verified functional, bilateral whisker representation in the barrel cortex and activati

205 s are segregated resulting in duplication of whisker representations and doubling of the number of ba

206 ce between the ipsilateral and contralateral whisker representations in the same thalamus and cortex.

207 The whiskers respond to the vortices with a jerky motion, an

208 Importantly, whisker response amplitude is also modulated by presenta

209 acement response, the time-derivative of the whisker response decodes the Strouhal frequency of the V

210 d provide evidence for dynamic regulation of whisker responses according to visual experience.

211 timuli modulates the amplitude of concurrent whisker responses.

212 electrophysiology, we find that a subset of whisker-responsive neurons in the ventral posterior medi

213 electrophysiology, we find that a subset of whisker-responsive neurons in the ventral posterior medi

214 sponse magnitude and latency depended on the whisker's deflection angle.

215 ive to the airflow, and is influenced by the whisker's resonant frequencies.

216 Surprisingly, the direction of the whisker's vibration changes as a function of airflow spe

217 Mechanical experiments show that a whisker's vibration magnitude depends on airspeed and th

218 The process makes the dyed whisker(s) easily visible against a dark background.

219 In the mouse whisker S1, temporally dense stimulation of local whiske

220 tions are generated independent of visual or whisker sensation but are affected by inputs from MEC th

221 In rodent whisker sensation, whisker position signals, including w

222 sker vibration and the response magnitude of whisker-sensitive primary sensory neurons in the trigemi

223 hasizes the computational role of PPC during whisker sensorimotor behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The

224 posteromedial thalamic nucleus axons in the whisker sensory cortex.

225 ed voltage-sensitive dye imaging to evaluate whisker sensory evoked activity in the barrel cortex of

226 somatosensory barrel cortex (wS1) processes whisker sensory information, receiving input from two di

227 The whisker sensory system of rodents is an excellent model

228 alamus and cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The whisker sensory system plays a quintessentially importan

229 ctors, but instead are strongly tuned to two-whisker sequences that involve the columnar whisker (CW)

230 rate provide an accurate linear read-out of whisker set point.

231 wledge of natural whisker motion and natural whisker shape to constrain the fits and by minimising th

232 underwater hydrodynamic trail to measure the whisker signals available to the seal.

233 Performance was tested in whisker somatosensory cortex (S1) of anesthetized mice i

234 In vivo recordings and whisker-specific behavioral tests demonstrated sensory d

235 Whisker stimulation also leads to elevated bilateral con

236 TEMENT We use a novel paradigm of repetitive whisker stimulation and in vivo calcium imaging to asses

237 mice during periods of true rest and during whisker stimulation and volitional whisking.

238 he attenuation of the CBF increase evoked by whisker stimulation but did not ameliorate the response

239 ajor hubs of tactile information processing, whisker stimulation during genuine awake resting-state p

240 deficit in neuronal adaptation to repetitive whisker stimulation in both young and adult Fmr1 KO mice

241 ere, we evaluated the behavioral response to whisker stimulation in mice lacking the ASD-related gene

242 we discovered exaggerated motor responses to whisker stimulation in young Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice (p

243 We show that unilateral whisker stimulation leads to the expected activation of

244 ation training (SAT) paradigm coupling multi-whisker stimulation to a water reward.

245 In response to whisker stimulation, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)

246 sly in the barrel cortex of awake mice under whisker stimulation, we found that arteriolar endothelia

247 showed fear behavior in response to repeated whisker stimulation.

248 basolateral amygdala in response to repeated whisker stimulation.

249 neuronal adaptation in barrel cortex, during whisker stimulation.

250 yet longer latency responses than mechanical whisker stimulation.

251 ated their modulation during a sensory-task, whisker stimulation.

252 Whisker stimuli evoked precisely timed single spikes in

253 on conveyed by thalamic neurons about paired whisker stimuli in male rat.

254 on; VPM) can be excited by visual as well as whisker stimuli.

255 umnar whisker (CW) and one specific surround whisker (SW), usually in a SW-leading-CW order.

256 Since the whisker system is a popular model, it is important to ha

257 The whisker system is an important sensory organ with extens

258 the function of the cerebellum in the rodent whisker system is unknown.

259 nidentified slowly adapting afferents in the whisker system of behaving mice respond to both self-mot

260 without whisking.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The whisker system of rodents is a widely used model to stud

261 The whisker system provides a way forward since it is now po

262 tion, we probed spatial coding in the rodent whisker system using a combination of two-photon imaging

263 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The rodent vibrissal (whisker) system has been studied for decades in the cont

264 esearch have investigated the rat vibrissal (whisker) system in the context of direct touch and tacti

265 Here we show that, in mice, the movement of whiskers (tactile sensors used to extract information ab

266 tion and stress measurement of individual Li whiskers, the primary Li dendrite morphologies(12).

267 revealed an asymmetry in the position of the whiskers: they oriented toward the rewarded stimulus dur

268 analogous to the stick-slip response of rat whiskers; this motion is found to be the time derivative

269 to the network architecture made by the TiB whiskers (TiBw), and a decrease of the steady-state cree

270 Trained mice used a whisker to locate a pole in a continuous range of locati

271 ty as dictated by the mechanical response of whiskers to airflow.

272 ploy cyclic scanning motions of their facial whiskers to explore their proximal surrounding, a behavi

273 cent work has shown that rats also use their whiskers to help detect and localize airflow.

274 recent work has indicated that rats also use whiskers to help localize airflow.

275 Pinnipeds like seals and sea lions use their whiskers to hunt their prey in dark and turbid situation

276 Rats using their whiskers to identify a texture gather evidence touch by

277 ed to differences in the architecture of the whisker-to-cortex pathway.

278 ation was delivered in spatial register with whisker topography learned the task more quickly.

279 etected in infected animals (e.g., defective whisker touch and blink responses and compromised balanc

280 vity further increased in response to active whisker touch but only in PPC layers 2-4.

281 to noise stimuli and at least 14% respond to whisker touch, with these two populations being statisti

282 ensory cortex, and how it is integrated with whisker-touch remains unclear.

283 We developed a whisker tracker algorithm that automatically reconstruct

284 Three-dimensional whisker tracking demonstrated that the sensory input com

285 Whisker-tracking analysis revealed an asymmetry in the p

286 iking activity preceded actual movement, and whisker trajectory endpoints could be decoded by populat

287 by chronically depriving sensory signals via whisker trimming for the animals' first postnatal month.

288 regions and stable in barrel cortex despite whisker trimming-induced sensory deprivation.

289 Enrichment (P21 to P46-71) sharpened whisker tuning and decreased, but did not abolish, local

290 ound muscle action potential, and functional whisker twitch analysis.

291 re the nucleation and growth behaviour of Li whiskers under elastic constraint.

292 The measured yield strength of Li whiskers under pure mechanical loading reaches as high a

293 of the formation mechanisms and growth of Li whiskers under the mechanical constraints of a separator

294 The results showed that whiskers vibrated at frequencies of 100-300 Hz, with a d

295 Airspeed affects the magnitude of whisker vibration and the response magnitude of whisker-

296 lthough it is known that seals can use their whiskers (vibrissae) to extract relevant information fro

297 However, whisker visualization and tracking is challenging for mu

298 Whiskers were collected from 20 adult males and 20 adult

299 ries has been impeded by the formation of Li whiskers, which consume the electrolyte, deplete active

300 riminating surfaces by actively moving their whiskers (whisking) against stimuli, typically sampling

301 Stimulation of intact whiskers yields a bilateral blood-oxygen-level-dependent