ライフサイエンスコーパス: wildfire

1 ecies and ecosystems to disturbance, such as wildfire.

2 expand the geographic and seasonal niche of wildfire.

3 thereby inadvertently increased the risk of wildfire.

4 idential development to withstand inevitable wildfire.

5 residential communities to more warming and wildfire.

6 higher vulnerability of those communities to wildfire.

7 P and the EPC0 persisted 6 and 7 years after wildfire.

8 er-quality studies in watersheds affected by wildfire.

9 period (2009-2010), 6 and 7 years after the wildfire.

10 to continue nesting in habitats degraded by wildfire.

11 mate-mediated disturbance processes, such as wildfire.

12 erogeneity may explain positive responses to wildfire.

13 critical role in the spread of human ignited wildfires.

14 oms in regions affected by heat, pollen, and wildfires.

15 ited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires.

16 fall of 2016, including samples from nearby wildfires.

17 e inadequate to address a new era of western wildfires.

18 ost prone to conversion to non-forests after wildfires.

19 n region following unprecedented drought and wildfires.

20 hat may be useful in predicting PM2.5 during wildfires.

21 f elevated and increasing pCO2 and pervasive wildfires.

22 ing no human impacts and naturally occurring wildfires.

23 in climate forcing agents, and reduction in wildfires.

24 s ([INP]) in real-world prescribed burns and wildfires.

25 karrikin molecules induce germination after wildfires [2].

26 en revealed by events such as the Australian wildfires(5) and the COVID-19 pandemic(6).

27 Wildfires, a large source of summertime PM(2.5) in the w

28 g more frequent and increasingly destructive wildfires, accompanied by longer wildfire seasons.

29 om 2,935 destructively sampled trees from 33 wildfires across four regions in the western United Stat

30 nfluences the recovery of productivity after wildfires across the four-corner region of the United St

31 creasingly widespread, frequent, and intense wildfires across the western United States.

32 Wildfires across western North America have increased in

33 ity, the direct role of people in increasing wildfire activity has been largely overlooked.

34 Contrary to the expectation of increased wildfire activity in recently infested red-stage stands,

35 the Eurasia region are driven by the strong wildfire activity in the boreal forests.

36 Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts

37 -54 degrees S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of

38 tation to the effects of recent increases in wildfire activity related to increased drought severity.

39 tual effect of an MPB outbreak on subsequent wildfire activity remains widely debated.

40 infested by MPBs for the three peak years of wildfire activity since 2002 across the western United S

41 likely enabled a portion of the increase in wildfire activity, the direct role of people in increasi

42 gray-stage stands during three peak years of wildfire activity, which account for 46% of area burned

43 itudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and co

44 ival of nests was negatively associated with wildfire-affected areas, but positively associated with

45 For example, 23% of nests occurred in wildfire-affected habitats characterized by reduced sage

46 efighters deployed in the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire also confirms good mutual agreement with an acc

47 Previous studies demonstrated that wildfires alter spectroscopic characteristics of terrest

48 sage-grouse nest locations and fates across wildfire-altered sagebrush ecosystems of the Great Basin

49 nia is likely to continue facing significant wildfire and air quality challenges with on-going climat

50 hin a Bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y of wildfire and climatic effects on population rates of cha

51 lysis results supported the notion that both wildfire and Colorado Front Range pollution sources cont

52 ependent successional trajectories following wildfire and indicates interactive effects of time since

53 ace fuels decrease the risk of high-severity wildfire and may also limit drought-induced mortality by

54 dead wood, raising concern over catastrophic wildfire and other hazards.

55 resilience approaches aimed at resistance to wildfire and restoration of areas burned by wildfire thr

56 ty to influence ecosystem processes, such as wildfire and shrub expansion in drylands.

57 ous United States, accounting for 84% of all wildfires and 44% of total area burned.

58 and severity of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing

59 raction to examine emissions-to-exposure for wildfires and emphasizes that air-quality impacts are no

60 portunities for seedlings to establish after wildfires and may lead to ecosystem transitions in low-e

61 t with the increasing organic aerosol due to wildfires and no clear trend in biogenic emissions.

62 , smelters, coal-fired power plants, cities, wildfires and ships-reveal that aerosol-induced cloud-wa

63 omponent of reactive nitrogen emissions from wildfires and the main driver of initial photochemical o

64 l mercury (Hg) is known to volatilize due to wildfires and this could substantially affect the land-a

65 masses caused by atmospheric deposition and wildfire are affected by forest structure.

66 human and ecological costs due to increasing wildfire are an urgent concern in policy and management,

67 References 665 Biological decomposition and wildfire are connected carbon release pathways for dead

68 Many geomorphic effects of wildfire are relatively well studied, yet sediment trans

69 d pathogens, and uncharacteristically severe wildfire are resulting in forest mortality beyond the le

70 settlement relationships between drought and wildfire are well documented in North America, with fore

71 ons of these SVOCs from Australian bushfires/wildfires are achieved, including, for example, summatio

72 Wildfires are an important source of nitrous acid (HONO)

73 Further, wildfires are becoming more commonplace in areas that hi

74 Wildfires are important contributors to atmospheric aero

75 Boreal wildfires are increasing in intensity, extent, and frequ

76 Wildfires are increasingly a significant source of fine

77 We conducted acoustic surveys of wildfire areas during 2014-2017 in conifer forests of Ca

78 This is highlighted by extensive wildfires around the globe, ranging from western North A

79 We propose an approach that accepts wildfire as an inevitable catalyst of change and that pr

80 exposure to fine particles specifically from wildfires, as well as the associations between the prese

81 Wildfire-associated increases in NAIP and the EPC0 persi

82 The wildfire-associated soil Hg loss was positively related

83 on in marine aerosol particles influenced by wildfires at a coastal California site in the summers of

84 ) and mortality in 253 counties near a major wildfire between 2008 and 2012.

85 Wildfires burn more than 7 million acres in the United S

86 In 2009, a lightning-caused wildfire burned through the experiment.

87 dicated the transport of air pollutants from wildfires burning in southern California.

88 d during combustion processes on land (e.g., wildfire, burning of fossil fuels) enters aquatic system

89 reduce the risk of additional mortality from wildfire, but at an increasing carbon cost for forest ma

90 latively cool and moist sites 11 years after wildfire, but were very sparse at the warmest and driest

91 policies that promote adaptive resilience to wildfire, by which people and ecosystems adjust and reor

92 inferring how thermal alteration of soil by wildfire can affect water quality.

93 Wildfire can catalyze vegetation change by killing adult

94 with populated or industrial areas, although wildfires can be an important source of PAHs, as well.

95 lation exposure to particulate matter during wildfires can be difficult because of insufficient monit

96 Wildfires can elevate dissolved organic matter (DOM) lev

97 Similar to how wildfires can reignite from hidden embers not extinguish

98 Consequently, the wildfire caused an overall reduction in water extractabl

99 Wildfires caused most of Evergreen Forest Loss and Everg

100 These post-wildfire changes in stream DOM result in lower uptake ef

101 Pyrogenic carbon (PyC), produced naturally (wildfire charcoal) and anthropogenically (biochar), is e

102 espective roles as carbon sinks, as even the wildfire charcoals formed at the highest temperatures ha

103 Wildfire charcoals were formed under higher maximum temp

104 eedstocks (pine forest floor and wood) under wildfire charring- and slow-pyrolysis conditions.

105 Here we show for a wildfire chronosequence spanning over more than 5000 yea

106 ared with historical (1980-2010) climate and wildfire conditions, projected scenarios would drive a s

107 Our findings highlight that wildfires constitute an important source of environmenta

108 Because wildfire consumed a large portion of organic matter from

109 As boreal wildfires continue to increase in size, frequency and in

110 Our results show that global wildfires contribute to about 10% (15 Mg year(-1)) of th

111 ined impact of moderate drainage followed by wildfire converted the low productivity, moss-dominated

112 Wildfire decreased O-horizon Hg by >88% across all fores

113 We also found that projected climate and wildfire decreased tree species richness across a large

114 Human-started wildfires disproportionally occurred where fuel moisture

115 Despite the high frequency of wildfire disturbances in boreal forests in China, the ef

116 n warmer stream reaches and areas subject to wildfire disturbances.

117 including extreme temperatures, heat waves, wildfires, droughts, and floods.

118 xt]) within [Formula: see text] of 123 large wildfires during 2008-2010.

119 Wildfire effects on water quality, particularly nutrient

120 me AOD that is attributed to increased local wildfire emissions and long-range (transcontinental) tra

121 metric for describing aerosol properties of wildfire emissions and their impacts on regional air qua

122 g) is a global environmental pollutant, with wildfire emissions being an important source.

123 this work, we estimate the contributions of wildfire emissions from various source regions to Hg pol

124 degrees N) using a newly developed global Hg wildfire emissions inventory and an atmospheric chemical

125 dy, the regional and nearfield influences of wildfire emissions on ambient aerosol concentration and

126 The degree to which severe wildfires enhance drying under future climates and induc

127 racturing, and from drinking water safety to wildfires, environmental challenges are changing.

128 e-ring widths and land surface phenology and wildfire estimates from remote sensing.

129 predict PM2.5 concentrations during a major wildfire event.

130 ck recovery rates than sites recovering from wildfire events, indicating that different boreal forest

131 nge increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires, evidence on vulnerable subpopulations can inf

132 Using observations from the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorpt

133 n wildfire plumes sampled during the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud chemistry, Aerosol absorpt

134 Sierra, we found that projected climate and wildfire favored the recruitment of more drought-toleran

135 forest dynamics under projected climate and wildfire for the Sierra Nevada, accounting for climate e

136 opogenic destruction of natural habitats and wildfire frequency estimated from long-term records of f

137 found that genetic admixture increases with wildfire frequency, but we did not find a significant ef

138 to massive water shortages and increases in wildfire frequency.

139 lti-regional dataset of 1485 sites across 52 wildfires from the US Rocky Mountains to ask if and how

140 As concern about US wildfires grows, accounting for fire-promoting invasive

141 sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to declining sage-grou

142 Wildfires have a significant adverse impact on air quali

143 Although wildfires have been researched and modeled for decades,

144 fication of primary HONO emissions from open wildfires have been scarce.

145 Shrub encroachment, forest decline and wildfires have caused large-scale changes in semi-arid v

146 ows that localised forcings (overgrazing and wildfire) have a statistically significant impact when t

147 ed soot is believed to originate from global wildfires ignited after the impact of a 10-km-diameter a

148 EPC0 were significantly higher downstream of wildfire-impacted areas compared to reference (unburned)

149 oavailable P that contributes to a legacy of wildfire impacts on downstream water quality, aquatic ec

150 11 years following complete stand-replacing wildfire in a dry coniferous forest spanning a large gra

151 The 2013 Rim Fire was the third largest wildfire in California history and burned 257314 acres i

152 on rate found here were applicable to boreal wildfire in general, it would translate into a PyOM prod

153 This fire was the largest wildfire in recorded history in Colorado, USA.

154 ned in two river basins impacted by a severe wildfire in southern Alberta, Canada.

155 nto a PyOM production of ~100 Tg C yr(-1) by wildfire in the global boreal regions, more than five ti

156 (PM2.5) were collected surrounding a two-day wildfire in the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge, 125 k

157 The economic and ecological costs of wildfire in the United States have risen substantially i

158 odgepole pine forests that regenerated after wildfires in 1988 and 2000.

159 gs from cats naturally exposed to California wildfires in 2017 and 2018.

160 Large wildfires in California cause significant socioecologica

161 and fire severity across >30 years and >1000 wildfires in California's Sierra Nevada.

162 ct on air quality and population exposure of wildfires in Equatorial Asia during Fall 2015, which wer

163 increases in the occurrence of large, severe wildfires in forested watersheds threaten drinking water

164 n increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires in Indonesia and Borneo, enhancing population

165 increases in the prevalence and severity of wildfires in some regions have resulted in an increased

166 nd a reduction of DOC export occur following wildfires in streams draining the Central Siberian Plate

167 tively assess legacy carbon loss in the 2014 wildfires in the Northwest Territories of Canada(2).

168 Retene, probably depositing following major wildfires in the region, dominated dissolved PAH concent

169 Many of the largest wildfires in US history burned in recent decades, and cl

170 Wildfires increased concentrations of nitrate for a deca

171 The total wildfire-induced Hg deposition to the Arctic amounts to

172 copicity and radiative forcing in areas with wildfire influence owing to depletion effects on composi

173 In 2017, western Canadian wildfires injected smoke into the stratosphere that was

174 S-II) to evaluate forest response to climate-wildfire interactions under historical (baseline) climat

175 These findings indicate that wildfire is a significant source for Arctic Hg contamina

176 Wildfire is an important ecological process that influen

177 dominate plant communities, suggesting that wildfire is an integral part of peatland ecology rather

178 Wildfire is highly responsive to changes in pO2 implying

179 a priori knowledge of where uncharacteristic wildfire is most probable could be used to optimize the

180 on of both natural and human habitats due to wildfires is becoming an increasingly prevalent global i

181 urbance regimes (e.g. suppressing floods and wildfires) is a primary mechanism by which exotic specie

182 ived from sedimentary carbon, and not solely wildfires, it implies soot from the target rock also con

183 gate the potentially detrimental outcomes of wildfires, it is imperative that we understand the respo

184 robabilities of snow avalanches, landslides, wildfires, land subsidence, and floods using machine lea

185 A multitude of disturbance agents, such as wildfires, land use, and climate-driven expansion of woo

186 The wildfires maintained prairie-forest ecotones in the Grea

187 ies to shift the approach of retardant-based wildfire management from reactive suppression to proacti

188 s that can inform public health programs and wildfire management.

189 GLM is the best algorithm for wildfire mapping, and FDA is the most accurate model for

190 Resilience to wildfire may arise from feedback between fire behaviour

191 Hence, increasing frequency and extent of wildfire may contribute disproportionately to reduced re

192 ions than those at lower elevation, but that wildfires may decrease floodplain sediment residence tim

193 However, peatland wildfires more typically occur as low-severity surface b

194 Moreover, long-lasting effects from wildfire nullified pulses of sage-grouse population grow

195 In the absence of wildfire, O-horizon Hg decreased by 60% during the 14 ye

196 d soot), have long been recognized in modern wildfire observations but never in a paleo-record, and l

197 omarkers derived from terrestrial plants and wildfire occur throughout the stratigraphic section, sug

198 largest contributions during the summer when wildfires occur and smaller contributions during the spr

199 In 1960-1961, human-ignited wildfires occurred during an extremely dry summer that k

200 Wildfire occurrence and intensity are increasing worldwi

201 climatic conditions, land use pressures and wildfire occurrence.

202 Large wildfires of increasing frequency and severity threaten

203 The effects of wildfire on drinking water quality are not well understo

204 that may help offset the adverse effects of wildfire on sage-grouse and other wildlife populations.

205 To simulate the effects of wildfire on the combustion process in soils and their po

206 ted in Las Vegas, NV, the effects of distant wildfires on regional air quality were indicated over a

207 s in boreal forests in China, the effects of wildfires on soil respiration are not yet well understoo

208 New palynological, wildfire, organic carbon isotope, and atmospheric pCO2 d

209 case study of large-scale, recurrent severe wildfires over the past two decades in the Australian st

210 nsion in the uplands was largely enhanced by wildfire (p < 0.001) and it exhibited positive correlati

211 (3-4 rings), which are a major component of wildfire PAH emissions and are shown to disperse widely

212 d fire season and added an average of 40,000 wildfires per year across the United States.

213 When a daytime wildfire plume dilutes by a factor of 5 to 10, we estima

214 s (HO(x) = OH + HO(2)) in early stage (<3 h) wildfire plume evolution.

215 ate of biomass-burning OA and BrC in daytime wildfire plumes and point to the need to understand how

216 present airborne observations of HONO within wildfire plumes sampled during the Western Wildfire Expe

217 ganic aerosol (OA) and brown carbon (BrC) in wildfire plumes, including the relative contributions of

218 s-burning OA (BBPOA versus BBSOA) and BrC in wildfire plumes.

219 of the association between daily exposure to wildfire PM(2.5) and mortality in 253 counties near a ma

220 A 10-mug/m(3) increase in wildfire PM(2.5) associated with a 4% increase in all-ca

221 On days with a wildfire PM(2.5) contribution >10 mug/m(3), exposure acc

222 be considered alongside climate in national wildfire policy and management.

223 agricultural burns (rice straw) and western wildfires (ponderosa pine).

224 ility as important contributors to increased wildfire potential in recent decades.

225 Extensive and recurrent severe wildfires present complex challenges for policy makers.

226 hibits a high degree of skill in forecasting wildfire probabilities and drought for 10-23 and 10-45 m

227 ariability of precipitation, soil water, and wildfire probabilities in close agreement with observati

228 tains under climate and area burned by large wildfires projected by late 21(st) century.

229 on with corresponding climate-specific large wildfire projections.

230 able to wildland fires have been observed in wildfire-prone regions, but it is unclear how these incr

231 ention of polyphosphate retardants on common wildfire-prone vegetation.

232 smoldering from flaming combustion in paleo-wildfire reconstructions.

233 s in forest type, precipitation pattern, and wildfire regime, which are expected to shift under a cha

234 o experience a low intensity, high frequency wildfire regime, which will further deplete the legacy o

235 eats such as heatwaves, droughts and floods, wildfires, regional precipitation patterns, disease regu

236 raphic and seasonal extents of human-ignited wildfires relative to lightning-ignited wildfires.

237 Wildfires release substantial quantities of carbon (C) i

238 rajectories and driving mechanisms following wildfire remain unclear.

239 We also find that wildfires result in significant Hg deposition to the Arc

240 rs in the Southeast US, suggesting increased wildfire risk in a region associated with a frequent fir

241 the findings and their relevance to regional wildfire risk.

242 destructive wildfires, accompanied by longer wildfire seasons.

243 Increasing trends in wildfire severity can partly be attributed to fire exclu

244 Worldwide, regularly recurring wildfires shape many peatland ecosystems to the extent t

245 management in regions prone to human-started wildfires should be a focus of United States policy to r

246 y how projected changes in climate and large wildfire size would alter forest communities and carbon

247 evidence of health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke and to identify susceptible populations.

248 pollution is influenced by the transport of wildfire smoke but observed impacts are highly variable.

249 Exposure to wildfire smoke causes adverse health outcomes, suggestin

250 Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutant

251 tent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health e

252 rom a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory m

253 wed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory,

254 Wildfire smoke exposure was positively associated with a

255 Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure.

256 ation subgroups that are more susceptible to wildfire smoke exposure.

257 sks of health effects from air pollution and wildfire smoke exposures.

258 , and optical properties in fresh western US wildfire smoke in July through August 2018.

259 e to adverse health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke may help prepare responses, increase the

260 episode indicates that the presence of aged wildfire smoke may interact with freshly emitted ultrafi

261 1)) and trimethylbutenolide (TMB) present in wildfire smoke play a key role in regulating seed germin

262 aign that measured HAPs and PM in western US wildfire smoke plumes, we identify the relationships bet

263 ection Agency (EPA) that are also present in wildfire smoke plumes.

264 creased risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for women than f

265 n 1 smoke wave (high-pollution episodes from wildfire smoke).

266 cardiovascular outcomes are associated with wildfire smoke, and if certain populations are more susc

267 ons are more vulnerable to health risks from wildfire smoke, including those associated with fine par

268 o understand the potential health impacts of wildfire smoke, many epidemiology studies rely on concen

269 h causes of mortality may be associated with wildfire smoke, whether cardiovascular outcomes are asso

270 yrogenic carbon is widespread in soil due to wildfires, soot deposition, and intentional amendment of

271 as the associations between the presence of wildfire-specific fine particles and the amount of hospi

272 at multiple scales that appear to reveal how wildfire spread derives from the tight coupling between

273 We assumed climate and wildfire stabilize at late-21(st) century conditions (20

274 he risk of disasters associated with floods, wildfires, storm waves, and droughts.

275 dictor of the recovery of productivity after wildfire than the functional diversity of seed mass or s

276 d consequently emitted less C as a result of wildfires than no-management.

277 t are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasio

278 luate over 1.5 million government records of wildfires that had to be extinguished or managed by stat

279 After a forest wildfire, the microbial communities have a transient alt

280 lobally accelerating frequency and extent of wildfire threatens the persistence of specialist wildlif

281 wildfire and restoration of areas burned by wildfire through fire suppression and fuels management.

282 ent strategies of landscapes at high risk of wildfires through prolonged prevention of ignition and c

283 The potential of high severity wildfires to increase global terrestrial carbon emission

284 If wildfire trends continue unabated, model projections ind

285 g that fuels reduction cannot alter regional wildfire trends; (ii) targeting fuels reduction to incre

286 el loads control the occurrence of different wildfire types and precipitation may play a key role.

287 trations during the 2008 northern California wildfires using 10-fold cross-validation (CV) to select

288 esolution during the October 2017 California wildfires, using the Constant Air Quality Model Performa

289 to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury

290 fire suppression, the number and impacts of wildfires was reduced as only catastrophic fires were al

291 nipulate fire independent of exploitation of wildfires was spatially variable in the MP and may have

292 ershed chronosequence (3 to >100 years since wildfire) we quantified the effects of fire on quantity

293 The frequency of extreme wildfire weather will increase with continued warming, b

294 Molecular and charcoal evidence indicates wildfires were also present but more delayed and protrac

295 Human-started wildfires were dominant (>80% of ignitions) in over 5.1

296 juries from the Tubbs (2017) and Camp (2018) wildfires were prospectively enrolled and serial echocar

297 rd exotic-dominated communities after severe wildfire when a suitable exotic seed source is present.

298 pland sediment transport, particularly after wildfire when smoother surfaces may result in the prefer

299 tes were burned by moderate to high severity wildfires when storm tracks were displaced north, and th

300 Many bat species appear well adapted to wildfire, while a century of fire suppression and forest