ライフサイエンスコーパス: working electrode

1 of the electrical double layer (EDL) of the working electrode.

2 he oxidation current of the mediator in each working electrode.

3 substrates that can be connected as a third working electrode.

4 Cl-wire reference electrode and carbon-fiber working electrode.

5 multiwalled carbon nanotubes was used as the working electrode.

6 ss was recorded at a platinum screen-printed working electrode.

7 the carbon paste electrode (CPE) and used as working electrode.

8 of the reactor using a platinum disk as the working electrode.

9 ed in carbon ink to prepare a screen printed working electrode.

10 itu plated lead film electrode was used as a working electrode.

11 unds in the sample, and (iii) fouling of the working electrode.

12 d chemical changes of active components in a working electrode.

13 ution of the current density over the entire working electrode.

14 lied for immobilization of peroxidase on the working electrode.

15 ring effects of the hydrogen produced at the working electrode.

16 orous polymer membrane (pAu/ITO) as the base working electrode.

17 polymer film is formed on the surface of the working electrode.

18 d be tuned by adjusting the potential on the working electrode.

19 ased on a cone-shaped nanopore-platinized Pt working electrode.

20 the channel plane that contains the embedded working electrode.

21 ch flows by capillarity until it reaches the working electrode.

22 as a chromatographic stationary phase and a working electrode.

23 erved using a carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified working electrode.

24 ative to that observed using a nonplatinized working electrode.

25 palladium decoupler in combination with a Pd working electrode.

26 he optimum spacing between the decoupler and working electrode.

27 conditions and electrolyzed at the platinum working electrode.

28 hrough channel cell incorporating a platinum working electrode.

29 mprinted polymer particles directly onto the working electrode.

30 deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon working electrode.

31 and is highly dependent on the nature of the working electrode.

32 r electrodes, and a carbon-ink coated pin as working electrode.

33 cell with a bismuth citrate-loaded graphite working electrode.

34 s at the end of the probe and covers the two working electrodes.

35 olyoxotitanate nanocrystals deposited on FTO working electrodes.

36 carbon nanotubes and enzymes on miniaturized working electrodes.

37 multiplexed and parallel readout from twelve working electrodes.

38 trochemical potential gradient applied to Au working electrodes.

39 d glucose levels, have screen-printed carbon working electrodes.

40 istant three-electrode systems having carbon working electrodes.

41 l graphite electrode (p-XO/PGE) were used as working electrodes.

42 ugh a specific design that includes four pin working-electrodes.

43 evices were employed, all with platinum (Pt) working electrodes: a thin-film electrode (TFE), a scree

44 A thin-layer regime is established at the working electrode according to the geometry of the devic

45 surface of a Au electrode and using it as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt

46 d using SO(X)/Fe(3)O(4)@GNPs/Au electrode as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as standard and Pt wire as au

47 the conductive graphite ink constituting the working electrode, allowing for the electrocatalysis of

48 also assembled into a monolayer array on the working electrode, allowing the detailed study of their

49 an electrochemical flow cell using a carbon working electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

50 (5s) is applied between the ionophore-based working electrode and a biocompatible and nonpolarizable

51 plish this control, namely, a planar flow-by working electrode and a porous flow-through working elec

52 onsisted of a beveled carbon fiber microdisk working electrode and a reference electrode with a minia

53 The working electrode and counter electrode consist of plati

54 ombination with a single-use carbon graphite working electrode and differential pulse voltammetry, wi

55 employed to enhance the surface area of the working electrode and favour direct electron transfer.

56 s the MHD-generating redox species at a 3-mm working electrode and in a magnetic field of 1.77 T, pea

57 ssian blue and glucose oxidase to obtain the working electrode and modified by Ag/AgCl to serve as th

58 idly rotated over the surface of a nonmoving working electrode and on the recording of the ensuing tr

59 AC impedance-spectroscopy with glassy carbon working electrode and platinum counter/reference electro

60 orm that is capable of sensing analytes on a working electrode and providing a visual readout of the

61 m a commercial system (carbon is used as the working electrode and silver chloride as the counter/ref

62 The working electrode and the counter electrode are placed i

63 ure a radially uniform electrolyte flow, the working electrode and the internal reflection element ne

64 through the disk-shaped gap between the ring working electrode and the IRE into the borehole via an e

65 cell consists of a carbon ink coated pin as working electrode and two bare pins as counter and refer

66 rms at the end of the probe covering the two working electrodes and is brought into contact with a su

67 nd to facilitate redox equilibration between working electrodes and minerals in both amperometric and

68 mical sensing platform featuring an array of working electrodes and parallel potentiostat channels.

69 potentiometry using polyaniline (PAni)-based working electrodes and silver/silver chloride reference

70 l probe incorporating two independent carbon working electrodes and two electrolyte-filled barrels, e

71 on the general case where the substrate is a working electrode, and both ion-conductance measurements

72 ation directly modulate the potential at the working electrode, and hence the ECL output, when a cons

73 an interface between the liquid drop and the working electrode, and performing the measurements insid

74 ly, recorded downstream from the edge of the working electrode, and the current measured at the Au el

75 nsisting of a disk-shaped, mobile, internal (working) electrode, and the internal surface of the surr

76 atile electrochemical products formed at the working electrode are monitored by mass spectrometry, wh

77 The on-chip working electrodes are patterned by conformal deposition

78 Because two working electrodes are used for differential measurement

79 notubes (CNTs) which were casted on a carbon working electrode area of a three-electrode system and o

80 The working electrode areas on the chips were reduced to 10

81 er sample (X(-)) are electrodeposited on the working electrode as AgX, while their respective counter

82 d by this reaction centre adhered to a small working electrode as the basis for a biosensor for class

83 to contact the outer edge of the carbon disk working electrode, as well as peripheral counter and ref

84 e electrochemical immunodevice, eight carbon working electrodes, as well as their conductive pads, we

85 ificant shifts in the half-wave potential at working electrodes at local potentials of up to approxim

86 Resulting gold-modified paper-based carbon working electrodes (AuNPs-PCWEs) were characterized by c

87 fine the microelectrode area was used as the working electrode; bare CNT thread was used as the auxil

88 trate Mn CSV using an indium tin oxide (ITO) working electrode both bare and coated with a sulfonated

89 h specially-designed nanoplasmonic sensor as working electrode, both electrical and spectral response

90 ultiple analytes at both Au and Pt microwire working electrodes, both of which provided similar sensi

91 Prussian Blue based H2O2 transducer modified working electrode) bridged by a solid salt-saturated fil

92 found to occur on glassy carbon and platinum working electrodes, but no catalysis was observed on flu

93 -imprinted polymer (MIP) was produced at the working electrode by direct electropolymerization of eri

94 immunosensor based on functionalization of a working electrode by electrografting two functional diaz

95 Modification of the working electrode by introduction of these nanomaterials

96 e bismuth nanostructured layer formed on the working electrode by reduction of the bismuth citrate du

97 ricated that enables high oxygen flux to the working electrode by utilizing a thin poly(dimethylsilox

98 reaction of a nonfluorescent species at the working electrode can be quantitatively transduced into

99 ds x (1 or 2) and therefore the potential of working electrode can be set in the range of from -0.1 t

100 ation (RSD), <3%) when tested with different working electrodes (carbon nanotubes/chitosan, glassy ca

101 sposable electrodic system consisting of two working electrodes connected in array mode has been deve

102 e using a liquid gallium [Ga(l)] pool as the working electrode consistently yielded crystalline Si.

103 Each of the working electrodes contained one representative from a l

104 ry small droplets of solution where a mobile working electrode could easily collide with a separately

105 d with reference, counter, and PBNP-modified working electrodes could be inserted.

106 PAD containing four independent channels and working electrodes could be used for simultaneous detect

107 The working electrodes could harvest glucose, produced durin

108 The twin working electrode described is particularly suitable for

109 working electrode and a porous flow-through working electrode design, each operated with a potentios

110 This approach makes it possible to place the working electrode directly in the separation channel.

111 e band electrode's tip region that faces the working electrode due to the Ohmic potential drop across

112 electrode setup to sample the surface of the working electrode during electrochemical analysis.

113 With the modified electrode as working electrode, electrochemical studies were carried

114 ase of the charge transfer resistance at the working electrode/electrolyte interface.

115 Nanostructuring the working electrode enhances sensor performance via augmen

116 lls growth in the very close vicinity of the working electrode ensures in-situ cell seeding, incubati

117 ochemical immunosensor employing Au sheet as working electrode, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) a

118 iposomal sample adsorption on the surface of working electrodes followed by analysis of the anodic an

119 a method using a commercially available BDD working electrode for detecting neurotransmitters from t

120 ime we are reporting the application of Gold working electrode for detection of free cyanide in a chr

121 kes possible the confinement of MBs over the working electrode for electrochemical detection, followe

122 ial in the fabrication of modified gold (Au) working electrode for electrochemical MG biosensor.

123 h this system using a 250 microm Pt minidisc working electrode for electrolysis.

124 ds, to sample directly from the surface of a working electrode for mass spectrometric analysis.

125 and evaluation of a palladium decoupler and working electrode for microchip capillary electrophoresi

126 nt of 52.1 wt %, can be directly used as the working electrode for oxygen evolution reaction without

127 tructure were fabricated on nickel foam as a working electrode for supercapacitor applications.

128 electrochemical Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) with two working electrodes for dual analyte determination enabli

129 The system employs metal microwires as the working electrodes for electrochemical detection.

130 d reproducible mass production of disposable working electrodes for high-performance ion chromatograp

131 PPy-MnO(2)-silk hybrid could be used as soft working electrodes for the simultaneous degradation and

132 e of amino-modified carbon microfiber (muCF) working electrodes for ultrasensitive, selective, and mu

133 chip that uses the microdisc electrode array working electrode format augmented with microporous grap

134 working range was achieved by use of a thick working electrode gasket to reduce sensitivity and elimi

135 isposable working electrodes, the disposable working electrodes generated equal or better results in

136 fer occurred allowing us to design different working electrode geometries.

137 A BPV probe was immobilised on a working electrode (gold) modified with a polymeric film

138 recently available boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode has been developed for use with high-p

139 of shared reference/counter electrodes and 3 working electrodes has been used for the assay.

140 This cell contains a porous flow-through working electrode (i.e., the emitter electrode) with hig

141 electrochemistry on ultrathin back-gated ZnO working electrodes (i.e., 5 nm ZnO electrodes prepared o

142 profile against the dc bias potential in the working electrode, identify the formal potential, and de

143 Utilization of redundant working electrodes improves the measurement accuracy of

144 The UME, which serves as the working electrode in a conventional voltammetric setup,

145 es in a gas-phase chamber and Pt foil as the working electrode in a liquid-phase auxiliary cell.

146 nducting was used as an AFM cantilever and a working electrode in a three-electrode electrochemical c

147 that the PGC stationary phase serves as the working electrode in a two-electrode electrochemical cel

148 g carboxylates was carried out on a platinum working electrode in acid medium.

149 m allowed for application of the sensor as a working electrode in an EC setup.

150 al Fe in clay minerals and a vitreous carbon working electrode in an electrochemical cell.

151 gnetoelastic alloy films have been used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell.

152 vely electrodeposited on the surface of each working electrode in around 4 min, completing sample mea

153 The PE/AgNPs-OA was used as a working electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the det

154 Measurements were performed using a Au working electrode in iron hexacyanoferrate(II), [Fe(CN)6

155 electrolyte, which is directed away from the working electrode in regions of high magnetic gradients.

156 2+) and Pt(4+) interfacial species on the Pt working electrode in situ.

157 ere, we report the use of microwire and mesh working electrodes in paper analytical devices fabricate

158 rometric redox indicator, with a pencil lead working electrode, in conjunction with a Pt counter-elec

159 ically and chemically) modified carbon-paste working electrodes inserted into a 14-guage needle.

160 electrochemical cell based on a Ag/AgX wire (working electrode) inserted into a tubular Nafion membra

161 ectrode configuration consists of one or two working electrodes inside the channel and a counter elec

162 aves as a three-dimensional extension of the working electrode into the xerogel film, reducing the sy

163 We discuss examples where the second working electrode is a thin metallic film deposited on t

164 local redox current on a 10 microm spot of a working electrode is achieved at a sensitivity of 0.02 n

165 The Pt working electrode is coated with a glucose oxidase (GOD)

166 The working electrode is deposited directly onto a thin, hyd

167 e polymer into the dye-sensitized mesoporous working electrode is in situ photoelectrochemical polyme

168 The gold working electrode is placed just inside the separation c

169 In the novel cell design, the working electrode is positioned coplanar above the inter

170 home-made coffee cup) obtained with a single working electrode is submitted to pattern recognition an

171 flow-by electrode cell with a glassy carbon working electrode is used as the preconcentration device

172 ng redox equilibria between the minerals and working electrodes is a major challenge in electrochemic

173 Photolithographic placement of the working electrode just outside the exit of the electroph

174 nometer where beads were concentrated on the working electrode magnetically.

175 in large pressure differentials and act as a working electrode, makes it possible to probe electroche

176 yanine-modified carbon paste was used as the working electrode material, allowing selective detection

177 roper combination of the solvent system, the working electrode material, and applied potential.

178 Thereby, the working electrode mimics these compounds and is used by

179 include removable reference, auxiliary, and working electrodes; modifications to facilitate sample t

180 al cell (SPC) based on iron-sparked graphite working electrode modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) an

181 arallel flow cell containing a glassy carbon working electrode modified with Nafion.

182 arbon black/Prussian Blue nanocomposite as a working electrode modifier.

183 They were used to modify the working electrodes not only for promoting the electron t

184 ed through the judicious modification of the working electrode of a carbon screen-printed electrode (

185 source to supply a positive potential to the working electrode of a given device.

186 At three different depths, the working electrode of a microbial three-electrode system

187 to small positive applied potentials at the working electrode of a microelectrochemical cell and cou

188 hrough the integration of BiNPs/Tyr onto the working electrode of a screen printed electrode (SPE) by

189 active conducting polymer (ECP) coating the working electrode of an electrochemical cell causes an i

190 ity of a redox active mineral surface or the working electrode of an electrochemical cell.

191 Accumulation of the targeted analytes at the working electrode of an on-line electrochemical flow cel

192 The working electrode of developed sensor is activated upon

193 The microdisk gold working electrode of radius 19 mum was characterized usi

194 The working electrode of the three-electrode cell is respons

195 ch ensures the continuous biasing of all the working electrodes of an array.

196 hermal growth of ZnO nanostructures onto the working electrodes of polyimide printed circuit board pl

197 with an integrated boron doped diamond (BDD) working electrode offering a wide potential window in aq

198 a platinum ultramicroelectrode (UME) as the working electrode on a scanning electrochemical microsco

199 effect of distance between the decoupler and working electrode on noise and resolution for the separa

200 The assay was performed with vitreous carbon working electrodes on which an electron-conducting polyc

201 olithography process to incorporate platinum working electrodes on-chip.

202 However, the perturbation created by the working electrode poised at its rest potential is necess

203 ctrode vs the ES capillary, as a function of working electrode position along the emitter axis.

204 0 microm) can be controlled by adjusting the working electrode position and, independently, altering

205 The effect of the working electrode position on the separation performance

206 tion can be accelerated either by tuning the working electrode potential to a more negative value or

207 lectrode configuration and adjustment of the working electrode potential, it was found that reserpine

208 fts the conduction band edge down at a given working electrode potential, leading to an increased sur

209 te with EMPM are controlled by switching the working electrode potential, rather than via a switch in

210 olecules can be controlled externally by the working electrode potential.

211 e selection, counter electrode concerns, and working electrode preparation.

212 solution electrochemistry at 5 nm thick ZnO working electrodes prepared on SiO2/degenerately doped S

213 tion with a stainless steel ES needle as the working electrode produces the highest sensitivity in EC

214 that passively permeates the device at a Pt working electrode (Pt-WE) embedded within the microfluid

215 ys 60 ppi reticulated vitreous carbon as the working electrode, resulting in a reasonable compromise

216 spray ionization (DESI) MS with a waterwheel working electrode setup to sample the surface of the wor

217 ochemical reactions utilizing a "waterwheel" working electrode setup.

218 ensor using ss-ODN imprinted PoPD/ITO as the working electrode showed a linear Delta current response

219 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the working electrodes showed no deposition of heterogeneous

220 ts of varying Fe3+ concentration (1-100 mM), working electrode size (10 microm-3 mm), and magnetic fi

221 de configurations with different channel and working electrode sizes, different electrode materials i

222 allows the local capacitive response of the working electrode substrate in the overall AC signal to

223 For a working electrode substrate this means that charged redo

224 ductance microscope (SICM) and a conductive (working electrode) substrate (two-electrode setup).

225 h a diffusion-limited process and revealed a working electrode surface area of 2.6 x 10(4) micron 2.

226 ntact with the bulk can be maintained on the working electrode surface at all times.

227 sion frequency of studied nanoparticles with working electrode surface by a factor of approximately 1

228 e-free gas sensor is achieved where the real working electrode surface is the boundary zone of the ca

229 gold and silver nanoparticles on the carbon working electrode surface of screen printed electrodes.

230 -polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite modified on working electrode surface of screen-printed electrode (S

231 and is brought into contact with a substrate working electrode surface.

232 meters-thick aqueous electrolyte on platinum working electrode surface.

233 mation of a dense platinum oxide film on the working electrode surface.

234 e pH (7.5) for aptamer immobilization on the working electrode surface.

235 Cells prepared with a cylindrical working electrode tangent and perpendicular to a flow ch

236 A dual working electrode technique for the in situ production a

237 The cell was designed with a novel gold working electrode that was separated from a porous count

238 hemical fabrication method that produces DSC working electrodes that contain two or more different dy

239 , which applies tensile strain to a flexible working electrode, that enabled us to resolve how tensil

240 The nature of the working electrode, the solvent systems, and the electrod

241 the modified MBs onto screen-printed carbon working electrodes, the amperometric signal using the sy

242 Compared to nondisposable working electrodes, the disposable working electrodes ge

243 n is controlled by magnetically coupling the working electrode to a rotating magnetic driver.

244 The use of the Pd decoupler allows the working electrode to be placed directly in the separatio

245 the center of each nanochannel, serves as a working electrode to form an array of embedded annular n

246 lectrode, and the sample is connected as the working electrode to make a two-electrode voltammetric m

247 his issue can be addressed by using a second working electrode to make direct current/voltage measure

248 h cytochrome-c (cyt-c) and incorporated as a working electrode to measure the release rate of drug-in

249 de nanoparticle coated indium tin oxide as a working electrode to observe the enhanced electron-trans

250 The close proximity of the working electrode to the exit of the separation channel

251 The connection of this working electrode to the potentiostat is ensured with th

252 CNT was drop cast on top of the working electrodes to improve their electrochemical sign

253 tly probe SC/EC interfaces in situ using two working electrodes to independently monitor and control

254 uctor (CMOS) system with an array of 32 x 32 working electrodes to perform electrochemical measuremen

255 Two different working electrode types were tested across a range of ex

256 n marker band nu4 with the nanostructured Au working electrode under precise potential control.

257 In this DEMS cell, the working electrode used was the same as the cathode elect

258 ation of an oxide film on the inner platinum working electrode via anodic polarization using an inner

259 onstructed by measuring the potential at the working electrode vs the ES capillary, as a function of

260 od used for fabrication of the decoupler and working electrode was based on thin-layer deposition of

261 The working electrode was characterized by Fourier Transform

262 The working electrode was composed of indium tin oxide (ITO)

263 Then, the working electrode was constructed by modifying the surfa

264 The performance of the AM working electrode was evaluated after a simple and fast

265 Later, the working electrode was modified with glucose oxidase and

266 yer flow-cell screen-printed electrodes, the working electrode was modified with graphene materials,

267 osed to 100 mM ethanol and the signal at the working electrode was monitored by cyclic voltammetry (C

268 three electrodes is presented, in which the working electrode was treated to generate rGO within PLA

269 ferrocyanide couple as a redox probe at gold working electrodes was evaluated with respect to its abi

270 ter simple electrochemical activation of the working electrode) was similar or better than those obta

271 consists of a dual platinum microdisk-based working electrode (WE) and a Ag/AgCl counter/reference e

272 nt density at an edge tip structure near the working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE) was hi

273 electrode configuration: carbon ink for the working electrode (WE) and metal wires (from a low-cost

274 hat serves dual roles as the electrochemical working electrode (WE) and SERS substrate, a microfabric

275 dentified silver mercury amalgam as an inert working electrode (WE) for spectroectrochemical (SEC) st

276 ransfer between structural Fe in SWa-1 and a working electrode, we show that the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple in

277 Using the conductive micropatterns as working electrodes, we demonstrate biosensors with excel

278 al gradient (SPG) approach, two ends of a Au working electrode were clamped at distinct potentials fo

279 In this work, an SEC and a 3D-printed working electrode were fabricated from acrylonitrile-but

280 exclusion membrane (FKL), and a silver-foil working electrode were selected as optimum materials.

281 To make electrical connections, the working electrodes were combined with silver screen-prin

282 photovoltaic cells, quantum dot-metal oxide working electrodes were constructed in an identical fash

283 Specifically, disposable working electrodes were fabricated by coating carbon tap

284 Glassy carbon (GC) working electrodes were first coated with emulsion-polym

285 The two working electrodes were held at +290 and -300 mV vs Ag/A

286 Auxiliary and working electrodes were made of graphene by laser patter

287 Different types of working electrodes were printed.

288 Initially, gold working electrodes (WEs) of integrated biomicro electro-

289 s study describes the use of two interfacing working electrodes (WEs) to simulate redox gradients wit

290 oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) directly grown on working electrodes (WEs).

291 lectrode set-up using m-Chit-GO electrode as working electrode whereas Ag/AgCl and Graphene were used

292 The nitrocellulose lies horizontally on a working electrode, which consists of a thin platinum lay

293 was accomplished by vibrating the microwire working electrode, which increased the amounts of UO2 de

294 he band electrode directly faces a gold (Au) working electrode, which lies across the microchannel.

295 The cell features a working electrode, which may be moved under remote contr

296 reference electrodes and eight carbon-based working electrodes, which were modified with DNA sequenc

297 rGO works as an excellent working electrode, while the AuNPs create a suitable env

298 imaging can be achieved with the two carbon working electrodes with a spatial resolution defined by

299 carbon microelectrode with an open tip as a working electrode, with G. sulfurreducens biofilm on the

300 e with an applied potential of 150 mV to the working electrode yields a sensitivity of 0.127 nA/muM a