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1 ors of young mice lacking a normal supply of 11-cis retinal.
2 ear-wild-type levels and changed little with 11-cis retinal.
3 n the context of pharmacological rescue with 11-cis retinal.
4 s increased in Rpe65(-/-) cones on supplying 11-cis retinal.
5 imilarly, the Lrat-/- mouse does not produce 11-cis retinal.
6 levels were determined by regeneration with 11-cis retinal.
7 psin mistrafficking is caused by the lack of 11-cis retinal.
8 tly folded rhodopsin state by the binding of 11-cis retinal.
9 lium (RPE) visual cycle produces exclusively 11-cis retinal.
10 uter segments of Rpe65(-/-) mice, which lack 11-cis retinal.
11 RPE65 is essential for the generation of 11-cis retinal.
12 , opsin, covalently linked to a chromophore, 11-cis retinal.
13 of restoring functional cones with exogenous 11-cis retinal.
14 apoprotein opsin and the chromophore ligand 11-cis-retinal.
15 cone inner segments, where it is oxidized to 11-cis-retinal.
16 wed by opsin-catalyzed isomerization of free 11-cis-retinal.
17 , and high affinity of opsin apoproteins for 11-cis-retinal.
18 photoisomerization of the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal.
19 retina to regenerate the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal.
20 ng retinyl esters of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal.
21 lved that recycles all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinal.
22 ase catalyzing a key step in regeneration of 11-cis-retinal.
23 in mammalian COS1 cells and regenerated with 11-cis-retinal.
24 s in the formation of the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal.
25 in,all-trans-retinal must be reisomerized to 11-cis-retinal.
26 s exacerbated in conditions of low levels of 11-cis-retinal.
27 inol, in accord with its higher affinity for 11-cis-retinal.
28 opsin, and the light-sensitive chromophore, 11-cis-retinal.
29 with dietary vitamin A, it is converted into 11-cis-retinal.
30 ry into the visual cycle for processing into 11-cis-retinal.
31 the retinoid binding pocket is occupied with 11-cis-retinal.
32 interfere with the ability of opsin to bind 11-cis-retinal.
33 nt conductance changes after incubation with 11-cis-retinal.
34 ting regeneration of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal.
35 t mice, which do not produce the chromophore 11-cis-retinal.
36 aximally at 424 nm after reconstitution with 11-cis-retinal.
37 presence of 9-cis-retinal and the absence of 11-cis-retinal.
38 ystems expressed a protein that stably bound 11-cis-retinal.
39 ogenase in the RPE, RDH10, which can produce 11-cis-retinal.
40 is-aldehyde different from that reported for 11-cis-retinal.
41 Rho), consists of an opsin protein linked to 11-cis-retinal.
42 e., illumination of the prebound chromophore 11-cis-retinal.
43 to reduce the generation and utilization of 11-cis-retinal.
44 e binding domain 1 (NBD1) specifically bound 11-cis-retinal.
45 teraction between the apoprotein and ligand, 11-cis-retinal.
46 brates, through which the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal (11-cis-RAL) is generated to maintain nor
47 that stabilizes its inverse agonist ligand, 11-cis-retinal (11CR), by a covalent, protonated Schiff
48 found that binding for the inverse agonist, 11-cis-retinal (11CR), slowed when the sample contained
49 d all-trans-retinal were required to produce 11-cis-retinal; 2) together with 11-cis-retinal, all-tra
50 ely 900 min(-)(1) microM(-)(1)), followed by 11-cis-retinal (450 min(-)(1) mM(-)(1)) and 9-cis-retina
51 as well as rod/cone photoreceptors, contains 11-cis-retinal (a vitamin A derivative) and light isomer
52 (A2) chromophore, and regenerating with the 11-cis-retinal (A1) chromophore in the same isolated rod
57 n in the recycling of the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal after photoisomerization by a bleaching l
58 to produce 11-cis-retinal; 2) together with 11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinol was produced at a 1:1
60 have measured the effects of all -trans- and 11- cis-retinals and -retinols on the opsin's ability to
63 ngs raise the hypothesis that in normal RPE, 11-cis retinal and/or 11-cis retinol stimulate the efflu
64 el system, we used the retinoid chromophores 11-cis-retinal and 9-cis-retinal to monitor each monomer
65 This rescue effect increased synthesis of 11-cis-retinal and 9-cis-retinal, a functional iso-chrom
66 intaining the ability to form a pigment with 11-cis-retinal and activate the G protein transducin in
67 ation sets the open state of the channel for 11-cis-retinal and all-trans-retinal, with positioning o
68 y photoaffinity labeling with 3-diazo-4-keto-11-cis-retinal and by high resolution mass spectrometric
69 pt synthesis of the opsin chromophore ligand 11-cis-retinal and cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA
70 for vision through continuous generation of 11-cis-retinal and clearance of all-trans-retinal, respe
71 ges upon photoisomerization of rCRALBP-bound 11-cis-retinal and demonstrated ligand-dependent conform
72 -induced retinal degeneration indicates that 11-cis-retinal and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels wer
73 odopsin as follows: thermal isomerization of 11-cis-retinal and hydrolysis of the protonated Schiff b
74 d treatments of illuminated homogenates with 11-cis-retinal and hydroxylamine prior to the AMP-PNP in
75 y RDH can prevent the accumulation of excess 11-cis-retinal and its Schiff-base conjugate and the for
76 anolamine (PE), the Schiff-base conjugate of 11-cis-retinal and PE, from the lumen to the cytoplasmic
77 erase RPE65, thereby slowing regeneration of 11-cis-retinal and reducing production of retinaldehyde
78 e conversion of dietary all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinal and suggest that these cells are the clos
79 e vision because of the diminished supply of 11-cis-retinal and the accumulation of toxic, constituti
81 igments, a covalent bond between the ligand (11-cis-retinal) and receptor (opsin) is crucial to spect
83 h active metabolites: the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal, and retinoic acids, which regulate gene
85 The C4 template mutant was unable to bind 11-cis-retinal, and the presence of Asn310/Lys311 was re
86 bilized to replenish the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, and their storage ensures proper visual
87 eller cells, which synthesize a precursor of 11-cis-retinal, are closely adjoined to the cone ER, so
90 of vision concerns the natural selection of 11-cis-retinal as the light-sensing chromophore in visua
93 converted to 11- cis-retinol and oxidized to 11- cis-retinal before it is transported back to the pho
99 rdination is critical for rhodopsin folding, 11-cis-retinal binding, and the stability of the chromop
103 et-NH2), a potent and selective inhibitor of 11-cis-retinal biosynthesis, is a substrate for LRAT.
104 s for the phenomenal dark state stability of 11-cis-retinal bound to rhodopsin and its ultrafast phot
105 set blindness, and Rpe65-deficient mice lack 11-cis-retinal but overaccumulate alltrans-retinyl ester
110 but exogenous supplementation of the native 11-cis retinal chromophore can inhibit this degeneration
111 the G protein-coupled receptors in having an 11-cis retinal chromophore covalently bound to the prote
113 y to long-wavelength light is to replace the 11-cis retinal chromophore in photopigments with 11-cis
117 hotochemical isomerization of the melanopsin 11-cis retinal chromophore occur via a space-saving mech
118 he pigment epithelium, which synthesizes the 11-cis retinal chromophore used by rod and cone photorec
119 lly functional visual pigments that bind the 11-cis retinal chromophore, activate the G protein trans
121 inal cytotoxicity is enhanced by lack of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore during rod outer segment deve
125 e is a recycling system that replenishes the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin and cone pigment
126 o-cell recycling system that replenishes the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin and cone pigment
127 id cycle, the enzymatic pathway by which the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin is generated, th
128 al cycle, the enzymatic pathway by which the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin is generated.
129 ed when the absorption of light converts the 11-cis-retinal chromophore to its all-trans configuratio
130 enzyme in the visual cycle that provides the 11-cis-retinal chromophore to photoreceptors in vivo.
131 g the chromophore exchange rate of the bound 11-cis-retinal chromophore with free 9-cis-retinal from
132 , a cis,trans-geometric isomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore, a vitamin A derivative bound
133 alternation of the protonated Schiff base of 11-cis-retinal chromophore, induced by N87Q mutation and
137 uccessful opsin trafficking and that without 11-cis retinal, cones may degenerate because of opsin mi
138 he eyes was reduced by approximately 43% and 11-cis-retinal content in the eye was reduced by approxi
140 n inhibit this degeneration, suggesting that 11-cis retinal could be used as a therapeutic agent for
141 reveals that intradiscal loop E-2 covers the 11-cis-retinal, creating a "retinal plug." Recently, we
142 pathology is attributed to a combination of 11-cis-retinal deficiency and photoreceptor degeneration
143 t that cone opsins are the 'culprit' linking 11-cis-retinal deficiency to cone degeneration in LCA.
144 ore of all known visual pigments consists of 11-cis-retinal (derived from either vitamin A1 or A2) or
146 essed in HEK293 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal displayed an absorption spectrum similar
147 nockout (Rpe65-/-) mouse, where synthesis of 11-cis-retinal does not occur, a minimal visual response
149 roviding a 7-membered ring, locked analog of 11-cis-retinal during expression of P23H opsin in vivo.
150 the low concentration of intracellular free 11-cis retinal, estimated to be only a tiny fraction (ap
151 of two pathways: 1) thermal isomerization of 11-cis-retinal followed by hydrolysis of Schiff base (SB
153 eactions which converts all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal for the regeneration of visual pigments i
154 ivo rates of all-trans-retinal reduction and 11-cis-retinal formation during recovery from bleaching
157 cone-specific redox reaction that generates 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol in the carp retina.
158 tor cells depend completely on the output of 11-cis-retinal from adjacent retinal pigment epithelial
159 timate that this slow spontaneous release of 11-cis-retinal from Rho should result in 10(4) to 10(5)
161 n, melanopsin regeneration depends partly on 11-cis-retinal from the RPE, possibly imported via Mulle
164 f the gecko and chameleon reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal had the wavelengths of maximal absorption
166 to synthesize the visual pigment chromophore 11-cis retinal; however, if these animals are reared in
168 asuring the rate of thermal isomerization of 11-cis retinal in solution, we conclude that the observe
169 native melanopsin in vivo exclusively binds 11-cis retinal in the dark and that illumination causes
170 to regenerate the visual pigment chromophore 11-cis retinal in the dark enzymatically, unlike in all
171 their chromophore from all-trans retinol to 11-cis retinal in the pigment epithelium, adjacent to ph
174 ogical studies showed that ligand binding of 11-cis-retinal in dark-adapted Rho was essentially irrev
177 d and cone cells prevent the accumulation of 11-cis-retinal in photoreceptor disk membranes in excess
178 DH activity in the RPE, but the formation of 11-cis-retinal in rdh5-/- mice suggests another enzyme(s
179 We also show that thermal isomerization of 11-cis-retinal in solution can be catalyzed by wild-type
180 he photoreceptor cells requires formation of 11-cis-retinal in the adjacent retinal pigment epitheliu
181 ults argue against age-related deficiency of 11-cis-retinal in the B6D2F1/J mouse rod visual cycle.
182 ence of an effective production mechanism of 11-cis-retinal in the cone inner segment to regenerate v
183 e HierDock by predicting the binding site of 11-cis-retinal in the crystal structure of bovine rhodop
184 r, these results suggest that the binding of 11-cis-retinal in the ER is important for normal folding
185 used HierDock to predict the binding site of 11-cis-retinal in the MembStruk-predicted structure of b
188 he presence of the pharmacological chaperone 11-cis-retinal increase the folding efficiency and resul
189 ice and the reintroduction of rosettes after 11-cis retinal injections confirm that outer segments, w
191 h by converting vitamin A1 (the precursor of 11-cis retinal) into vitamin A2 (the precursor of 11-cis
193 ignalling photon absorption, the chromophore 11-cis retinal is first isomerized to all-trans retinal,
194 of 11-cis to all-trans retinal happens when 11-cis retinal is in the binding pocket of rhodopsin.
196 ation of the covalent bond between opsin and 11-cis retinal is reversible in darkness in amphibian re
200 segment of the visual cycle in which excess 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinol provide
208 Regeneration of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, is a critical step in restoring photorec
209 Regeneration of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, is a crucial step in the visual cycle re
210 cle protein required for the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, is associated with reduced A2E accumulat
211 absorption of a photon, the covalently bound 11- cis-retinal isomerizes to the all- trans form, enabl
215 d receptor (GPCR) that is activated when its 11-cis-retinal moiety is photoisomerized to all-trans re
217 sing a single chromophore, in either the A1 (11- cis-retinal) or A2 (11- cis-3,4-dehydroretinal) form
218 and opsin dominates the natural selection of 11-cis-retinal over other cis isomers in the dark state.
220 ll below the K(m), the rate of production of 11-cis-retinal per RPE65 molecule was approximately 10 m
221 evaluated the responses of these mutants to 11-cis-retinal pharmacological chaperone rescue or disul
222 ting of a protein, opsin, and a chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, play a key role in shaping the light res
223 riggered only upon P-opsin regeneration with 11-cis-retinal, precluding noise generated by opsin acti
230 ese changes can be attributed to the lack of 11-cis retinal rather than to some unknown function of R
232 ithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) disrupt 11-cis-retinal recycling and cause Leber congenital amau
234 Rho*-Gt(e), Rho(e)*-Gt(e), and 9-cis-retinal/11-cis-retinal regenerated Rho-Gt(e) complexes by sucros
235 0 in RPE cells (Rdh10 cKO) displayed delayed 11-cis-retinal regeneration and dark adaption after brig
236 absence of prRDH did not affect the rate of 11-cis-retinal regeneration or the decay of Meta II, the
240 sitized; subsequent treatment with exogenous 11-cis retinal results in pigment regeneration and subst
241 in complexes regenerated with 9-cis-retinal/11-cis-retinal, Rho retains a conformation similar to Rh
243 Pups were injected intraperitoneally with 11-cis retinal, starting at postnatal day (P)10, and wer
244 dehyde, and CRALBP inhibits the reduction of 11-cis-retinal stronger than the oxidation of 11-cis-ret
245 as do not have a cone-specific mechanism for 11-cis retinal synthesis and have potential significance
246 ithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) disrupt 11-cis-retinal synthesis and cause Leber congenital amau
248 of the visual cycle necessary for generating 11-cis-retinal that functions not only as a molecular sw
249 sed rod outer segments; however, it was only 11-cis-retinal that generated such fluorophores when add
250 est that lipofuscin originates from the free 11-cis-retinal that is continuously supplied to the rod
252 noid visual cycle essential for recycling of 11-cis retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments in b
253 ase that converts all-trans retinyl ester to 11-cis retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments in v
254 the visual cycle that converts vitamin A to 11-cis retinal, the chromophore of the rod and cone phot
255 strate that A2E inhibits the regeneration of 11-cis retinal, the chromophore of visual pigments, whic
256 suggested that a higher rate regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments, is
258 tebrate retina responsible for production of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin and cone pi
260 hese RPE65 antagonists block regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin, thereby de
262 ial for the synthesis by isomerohydrolase of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rod and cone opsins.
263 nzymatic pathway that continuously generates 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of visual pigments in ro
264 aurosis, the retinoid cycle is disrupted and 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of visual pigments, is n
269 ll-trans retinal must be converted back into 11-cis-retinal through a series of enzymatic steps known
270 cling of the chromophore of visual pigments, 11-cis-retinal, through the retinoid visual cycle is an
271 ges that are induced by the isomerization of 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal leading to the fully
274 lude that delivery of the highly hydrophobic 11-cis retinal to the interior of rod photoreceptors app
276 governing vision: the photoisomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal and the enzymatic re
277 merization of opsin-bound visual chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal triggers phototransd
279 is thought to provide a privileged supply of 11-cis-retinal to cones by using 11-cis-retinol generate
280 aldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) chaperones 11-cis-retinal to convert opsin receptor molecules into
281 rods, cones use the photosensitive molecule 11-cis-retinal to detect light, and in constant illumina
284 central cone opsins must be regenerated with 11-cis-retinal to permit transport to the outer segments
288 However, in this study the authors show that 11-cis retinal-treated Rpe65(-/-)Rho(-/-) mice raised in
295 nd to be only slightly higher in energy than 11-cis-retinal, which provides strong evidence for the p
296 ng of the covalent linkage between opsin and 11-cis-retinal, which was overlooked in the electrophysi
298 ssess replacement of the missing chromophore 11-cis retinal with oral QLT091001 (synthetic 9-cis-reti
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