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1 H]-retinol generated both retinyl esters and 11-cis retinol.
2 all-trans-retinol visual chromophore back to 11-cis-retinol.
3 ize remaining enzymatic activities oxidizing 11-cis-retinol.
4 s than isomerization of all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol.
5 lls where all-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol.
6 hich processes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.
7 on of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol.
8 ate, from the lipid bilayer for synthesis of 11-cis-retinol.
9 cts interconversion of all-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinol.
10 which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.
11 ll-trans-retinyl esters as the precursors of 11-cis-retinol.
12 so establish that tREs are the precursors to 11-cis-retinol.
13 not all-trans-retinol, are the precursors of 11-cis-retinol.
16 gment epithelium and generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) and a minor amount of 13-cis-ret
17 on of all-trans retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) in the visual cycle, controls th
18 ol dehydrogenases (11-cis-RDHs) that oxidize 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) to 11-cis-retinaldehyde (11cRAL)
19 hich recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol a
20 hich recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol, and
21 ase that converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key reaction in the retinoid visual cy
22 m, which converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key step in the retinoid visual cycle.
23 n the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization
25 lpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity), 11-cis-retinol, all-trans-retinol, and 9-cis-retinol, wi
26 pigment epithelium where it is converted to 11- cis-retinol and oxidized to 11- cis-retinal before i
27 nd it displays stereospecific preference for 11-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol but is much less effic
30 the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-ret
32 l acyltransferase, for RPE65 in synthesis of 11-cis-retinol, and its identity as the isomerohydrolase
33 ation of all-trans-retinol, isomerization to 11-cis-retinol, and oxidation to 11-cis-retinal occur in
34 All -trans-retinal, all -trans-retinol, and 11- cis-retinol are all agonists with all -trans-retinal
35 otein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinal and/or 11-cis-retinol as endogenous ligands in the retinal pigm
36 branes synthesized 11-cis-retinyl ester from 11-cis-retinol at a rate which was 20-fold higher than t
37 retinyl palmitate binds with a K(D) = 14 nM, 11-cis-retinol binds with a K(D) = 3.8 nM, and all-trans
38 rameters were observed for RDH5 oxidation of 11-cis-retinol bound to rCRALBP mutants M222A, M225A, an
41 m and not the rod photoreceptor cell because 11- cis-retinol can act as an agonist and activate the s
42 ied and molecularly cloned; here we focus on 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase (encoded by the gene RDH5;
43 identified by mass spectrometric analysis as 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH), and enzymatic assay
44 minor phenotype associated with mutations in 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5) causing fundus albip
46 ought to function as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase in the synthesis of 11-cis-
48 is largely catalyzed by abundantly expressed 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase, is pro-S-specific to both
52 in the retinoid visual cycle is catalyzed by 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenases (11-cis-RDHs) that oxidize
54 s accomplished by a family of enzymes termed 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenases, including RDH5 and RDH11.
55 ved in the production of 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol during regeneration of the cone visual pi
56 out the trans to cis isomerization producing 11-cis-retinol during the operation of the visual cycle
58 e65(-/-) retinas, we show that IRBP delivers 11-cis-retinol for oxidation in cones and improves the e
59 ition of retinol binding proteins stimulates 11-cis-retinol formation by a factor of approximately 13
60 l esters (tREs) are the direct precursors of 11-cis-retinol formation in chicken retinyl pigment epit
61 hyde binding protein (CRALBP) both stimulate 11-cis-retinol formation to the same extent, although CR
62 e, a specific and effective inhibitor of the 11-cis-retinol formation, also inhibits the production o
63 Phe-526 and Tyr-338, like Phe-103, decreases 11-cis-retinol formation, whereas increasing the 13-cis
70 n that RPE65 is critical for regeneration of 11-cis retinol in the visual cycle, the function of RPE6
75 support a role for CRALBP as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization reaction of the visu
76 l pigment epithelium (RPE) as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization step of the rod visu
78 isomerization of all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) i
79 he conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
82 1-cis-retinal stronger than the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, in accord with its higher affinity for 1
83 nto transducin as an index of activity, that 11-cis-retinol inactivates expressed salamander cone ops
84 isomerization occurs in vivo using exogenous 11-cis-retinol injected into the intravitreal space of w
89 pool is radioactively labeled, the resulting 11-cis-retinol is labeled with the same specific activit
94 isomerization of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol, is also the isomerase enzyme responsible
95 e presence of binding proteins [44.3 pmol of 11-cis-retinol min-1 (mg of protein)-1] suggests that th
96 al pigment epithelial membranes [3.5 pmol of 11-cis-retinol min-1 (mg of protein)-1], and only small
97 is transported out of the cell; oxidation of 11- cis-retinol occurs in the retinal pigment epithelium
98 n additional unidentified enzyme(s) oxidizes 11-cis-retinol or that an alternative pathway contribute
100 nduced isomerization of all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol proceeds with inversion of configuration
104 A(2) treatment, but the observed decline in 11-cis-retinol production did not directly reflect inhib
109 , the specific radioactivity of newly formed 11-cis-retinol stayed constant during the course of the
110 is that in normal RPE, 11-cis retinal and/or 11-cis retinol stimulate the efflux of all-trans retinol
112 photopic conditions, and it is possible that 11-cis-retinol supplies are disrupted in the absence of
113 rentially produces 13-cis-retinol instead of 11-cis-retinol, supporting a carbocation/radical cation
116 Our results show that the retina produces 11-cis retinol that can be oxidized and used for pigment
117 tinol at least 10-fold more efficiently than 11-cis-retinol, the precursor to the visual chromophore.
118 hindrance with a proton in position C(10) of 11-cis-retinol; thus, removal of this group could accele
123 es can catalyze the reverse isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol (and 13-cis-retinol)
124 The activation energy for the conversion of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol is 19.5 kcal/mol, an
125 P plays an important role in the delivery of 11-cis-retinol to cones and can facilitate cone function
126 thesis that IRBP facilitates the delivery of 11-cis-retinol to cones by preserving the isomeric state
129 hing and following subsequent treatment with 11-cis-retinol, we show that 11-cis-retinol promotes pig
130 in retinal pigment epithelium, oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, which is largely catalyzed by abundantly
131 dy was to evaluate the direct interaction of 11-cis-retinol with expressed human and salamander cone
132 inyl palmitate with RPE microsomes generated 11-cis retinol without any detectable production of all-
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