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1 AER activity persists longer than normal and is maintain
2 AER among patients with baseline blood eosinophil counts
3 AER correlated positively with mesangial cell number in
4 AER deficits are tied behaviorally to impaired ability t
5 AER expression of reporter constructs in transgenic mice
6 AER formation in Raldh2(-/-) forelimbs is rescued by con
7 AER was marginally lower in green buildings (p=0.109).
8 justed HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.95; P = .03; AER, 6.48/100 person-years; censoring rate, 0.90; 23 eve
11 he first year after TC diagnosis (SMR, 5.31; AER, 13.90; n=11) and included cerebrovascular disease (
13 ncluded cerebrovascular disease (SMR, 21.72; AER, 7.43; n=5) and heart disease (SMR, 3.45; AER, 6.64;
14 tudies have compared the effects of aerobic (AER) or resistance (RES) training on hepatic fat content
15 2 (Fgfr2) in the mouse AER to terminate all AER functions; for comparison, we inactivated both Fgfr1
18 the functions of apical ectodermal BMPs, an AER-specific promoter element from the Msx2 gene was use
19 tic module in the anterior region creates an AER-like structure that drives anterior fin expansion.
20 ate that the cetacean hind-limb bud forms an AER and that this structure expresses Fgf8 initially, bu
21 es provided greater GFR (92%; P < 0.005) and AER (95%; P < 0.01) prediction than multiple regression
24 y neoplasms (AER, 5.9 [95% CI, 2.5-9.3]; and AER, 6.0 [95%CI, 2.3-9.6] per 10,000 person-years, respe
25 ing, and greater glycosylated hemoglobin and AER at DCCT closeout but not with waist circumference.
27 the feedback loop between the mesenchyme and AER, and reduces and shifts anteriorly Shh expression in
28 ible for Fgf4 expression in the myotomes and AER, and showed that a conserved E-box is a target for t
30 e and independent correlation between PK and AER in univariate and multivariate regression analysis (
31 ough the positive correlation between PK and AER within the subgroups of patients with microalbuminur
32 rin overlap in the hair follicle placode and AER, we postulated that CDH3 could be a direct transcrip
33 fter a progressive rise in relative risk and AER of all solid tumors over time, there was an apparent
35 previously characterized functional ZPA and AER enhancers and enrichment for relevant biological ter
38 tasets show strong correlation with ZPA- and AER-expressed genes, previously characterized functional
40 distal subectodermal mesoderm that occurs as AER activity attenuates, an event that is essential for
42 he increased rate of rosuvastatin-associated AERs relative to other widely used statins was also obse
44 cent nonridge ectodermal cells from becoming AER cells; negatively modulate AER activity and thus fin
46 ing Fgf4 expression in myotomes and limb bud AER, and that its activity in the myotomes results at le
47 e blastocyst, the myotomes, and the limb bud AER, is regulated by distinct enhancer elements (Hom) in
51 t the hypothesis that immunodampening the C1 AER will divert the immune system toward more conserved
52 consideration of absolute versus categorical AER values, more frequent AER measures, ambulatory BP mo
53 (AER) were determined with average (95% CI) AER of 12 (10-14) per hour, consistent with previous stu
54 egulating morphogenesis of a mature, compact AER along the distal limb apex, from a broad ventral ect
55 structure is indeed a distinct compartment, AER-derived cells are gradually lost after E12.5 and no
56 reacted; AMFs also increased with decreasing AERs and increasing initial ozone-limonene ratios, which
57 ulatory sequences specific to the developing AER, and demonstrate by marking preAER cells that, at st
62 l, we compared the 4-month effects of either AER or RES training on insulin sensitivity (by hyperinsu
64 etic protein; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; AER, apical ectodermal ridge; ZPA, zone of polarizing ac
67 ion-restricted regulatory loop essential for AER stratification, hence for normal patterning and skel
68 In the mouse, whereas a role for Fgfs for AER establishment and function has been clearly demonstr
69 Rspo2 expression in the AER is required for AER maintenance likely by regulating Wnt/beta-catenin si
70 D patterning process and that a key role for AER-FGF signaling is to facilitate SOX9 function and to
71 both Fgf4 and Fgf8 function in the forelimb AER, we show that limb bud mesenchyme fails to survive i
72 versus categorical AER values, more frequent AER measures, ambulatory BP monitoring, precise GFR meas
73 significantly higher than that obtained from AER reprocess to gastroscopes (2.0%, 6/300) and AER repr
79 -2893) per 100,000 person-years; the highest AERs were found for malignant neoplasms, diseases of dig
81 tudy evaluated neural substrates of impaired AER in schizophrenia using a combined event-related pote
82 deficits contributed in parallel to impaired AER and accounted for approximately 50% of variance in A
83 igates neural mechanisms underlying impaired AER using a combined event-related potential/resting-sta
85 ridge (AER), we inactivated Fgf4 and Fgf8 in AER cells or their precursors at different stages of mou
88 pects of the cellular mechanisms involved in AER formation and in partitioning the ventral ectoderm i
90 lative incidence of a sustained reduction in AER to <300 mg/d was 52%, mostly but not entirely under
96 wth factor (FGF) gene family members are key AER-derived signals, with Fgf4, Fgf8, Fgf9 and Fgf17 exp
98 of association with CHD contrast with lower AER in South Asian men and European women, both strongly
99 [AER] 20-200 microg/min), macroalbuminuria (AER >200 microg/min), ESRD (renal dialysis or transplant
103 long-term fate of cells that form the mature AER showed that, although this structure is indeed a dis
104 uration of diabetes was 17 (5) years, median AER was 524 mg/d, and mean (SD) eGFR was 108 (20) ml/min
107 from becoming AER cells; negatively modulate AER activity and thus fine-tune the strength of AER sign
108 ctivated fgf receptor 2 (Fgfr2) in the mouse AER to terminate all AER functions; for comparison, we i
109 GF genes specifically expressed in the mouse AER, Fgf8 is unique not only in its expression pattern,
111 osinophil counts of 0 or more cells per muL, AER was 0.73 (0.65-0.82); rate ratio versus placebo was
112 genitourinary subsequent primary neoplasms (AER, 5.9 [95% CI, 2.5-9.3]; and AER, 6.0 [95%CI, 2.3-9.6
113 The data presented here identify the non-AER border of dorsal-ventral ectoderm as a new signaling
114 Similarly, we find that a graft of the non-AER D-V border can expand the domain of Shh anteriorly w
116 ft chimeras, we find that a graft of the non-AER D-V border ectoderm to a location on the surface of
120 b skeletal phenotypes resulting from loss of AER-FGF signals cannot simply be a consequence of excess
122 how that T plays a role in the regulation of AER formation, particularly maturation, and suggest that
123 of the AER involves a gradual restriction of AER gene expression from a broad ventral preAER domain t
125 activity and thus fine-tune the strength of AER signaling; and regulate the apoptosis of the distal
126 We showed that FGFR2 promotes survival of AER cells and interacts with Wnt/beta-catenin signaling
127 secondary analyses when other categories of AERs were examined, including adverse events with seriou
128 analysis examined the composite end point of AERs of rhabdomyolysis, proteinuria, nephropathy, or ren
130 samples obtained from the inner surfaces of AERs as the swab samples only indicate whether the AERs
132 wever, expression of Fgf4 in the myotomes or AER of murine embryos does not appear to be essential fo
133 1.5 limbs that fluorescently mark the ZPA or AER, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and
134 removed different combinations of the other AER-FGF genes, we obtained unexpected skeletal phenotype
136 rs; censoring rate, 0.92; 17 events; placebo AER, 9.22/100 person-years; censoring rate, 0.85; 32 eve
140 mber in type 1 diabetic patients with raised AER but normal blood pressure shows no significant reduc
142 imary endpoint was annual exacerbation rate (AER) ratio versus placebo, analysed by baseline eosinoph
143 We linked a mechanistic air exchange rate (AER) model to a mass-balance PM2.5 infiltration model to
144 carbon dioxide (CO2), and air exchange rate (AER) over a seven-day sampling period coincident with su
145 ily determined by vehicle air exchange rate (AER), with AER being mostly a function of ventilation se
146 patients with raised albumin excretion rate (AER) and investigated any change after 3 years in a subg
147 icipants with normal albumin excretion rate (AER) at DCCT closeout developed incident microalbuminuri
149 ia, defined as urine albumin excretion rate (AER)>/=300 mg/d, has long been considered a stage of irr
150 f diabetes, HbA(1c), albumin excretion rate (AER), creatinine clearance, hypertension, body mass inde
151 BP), renal function, albumin excretion rate (AER), glycemia, and other variables, with repeat renal b
153 001) correlated with albumin excretion rate (AER), whereas surface density of peripheral GBM per glom
155 CI, 0.25-0.85; P = .01; absolute event rate [AER], 4.79/100 person-years; censoring rate, 0.92; 17 ev
156 of microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate [AER] 20-200 microg/min), macroalbuminuria (AER >200 micr
159 -beta thalassemia); albumin excretion rates (AER) and renal function (Cockroft-Gault formula) were de
164 Deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER) are a core feature of schizophrenia and a key compo
165 tone of voice [auditory emotion recognition (AER)] that drive impairments in social cognition and glo
167 ta show that Bmp4 in limb mesoderm regulates AER induction and maturation and implicate signaling fro
168 ectly regulates interdigit PCD by regulating AER-FGFs, which act as survival factors for the interdig
171 .5 infiltration model to predict residential AER (Tier 1), infiltration factors (Tier 2), indoor conc
174 re expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and in various regions of the limb mesenchyme.
178 is produced by the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) at the distal tip of the limb bud to direct outgrow
179 a century ago, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) at the distal tip of the tetrapod limb bud was show
183 he formation of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is critical for the distal outgrowth and patterning
184 ion of the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is to produce fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that
185 digits and expanded apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of Dkk1-deficient mice closely resemble En1 null mi
187 ed in the posterior apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the limb bud in a pattern similar to Fgf4 and th
191 d compaction of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) produces a ridge that is abnormally broad and flat.
192 re signals from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that are essential for limb pattern formation along
193 n of Jagged2 in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) whether the ectodermal or mesenchymal compartment o
194 re expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a critical signaling center that directs the outgr
196 in response to the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), and has the functional potential to be involved in
197 ivity (ZPA) and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), are known to cause limb malformations and evolutio
198 d epithelium of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), including three members of the bone morphogenetic
199 One of these, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), is critical for proximodistal limb outgrowth media
200 ated with a smaller apical ectodermal ridge (AER), referred to here as an apical ectodermal mound (AE
201 esis in the forming apical ectodermal ridge (AER), restricted regions of the central nervous system,
202 ic day 9.5 when the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), the principal site of Megf7 expression at the dist
203 signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), we inactivated Fgf4 and Fgf8 in AER cells or their
204 development via an apical ectodermal ridge (AER), whereas an alternative Homeobox (Hox)-Fibroblast g
205 al functions of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which is required for proper limb bud outgrowth.
206 f the expression of apical ectodermal ridge (AER)-specific genes, including fibroblast growth factor
211 idence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks (AERs), and cumulative incidence of subsequent primary ne
212 os (SMRs) for CVD and absolute excess risks (AERs; number of excess deaths per 10,000 person-years) w
213 at, in addition to sustaining cell survival, AER-FGFs regulate P-D-patterning gene expression during
214 development, providing genetic evidence that AER-FGFs function to specify a distal domain and challen
215 hallenging the long-standing hypothesis that AER-FGF signalling is permissive rather than instructive
221 In this study, we genetically ablated the AER by conditionally removing FGFR2 function and found t
222 b, the feedback loop between the ZPA and the AER is interrupted, resulting in abnormal skeletal patte
223 n hair follicle morphogenesis as well as the AER during limb bud outgrowth in humans, whereas it is n
226 P < 0.001), to a similar extent, in both the AER and the RES training groups (mean relative reduction
232 cular level, removal of Bmp2 and Bmp4 in the AER caused an increase in Fgf expression, which correlat
235 trongly suggest that Rspo2 expression in the AER is required for AER maintenance likely by regulating
238 ation of Engrailed-1 (En1) expression in the AER of limb buds in which Bmp2 and Bmp4 had been removed
239 tigate the role BMP ligands expressed in the AER play in limb development we selectively inactivated
242 n factors, Sp8 and Sp9, are expressed in the AER, and regulate Fgf8 expression and limb outgrowth.
243 Both Dlx5 and Sox11 are expressed in the AER, and the proteins encoded by these genes bind to sep
248 ences responsible for Msx2 expression in the AER, we characterized the expression of LacZ reporter co
257 mp signaling pathway in establishment of the AER and regulation of the dorsoventral polarity of the l
258 n chick results in anterior extension of the AER and subsequent limb phenotypes consistent with augme
259 Fgf8 and other markers at the borders of the AER at E11.5 gives the appearance of a double ridge.
260 ermal BMPs may delimit the boundaries of the AER by preventing adjacent nonridge ectodermal cells fro
265 owth of the limb depends on formation of the AER, a signaling center that forms at the limb bud apex.
266 he ridge results in the disappearance of the AER, demonstrating the requirement for continued beta-ca
267 efects, characterized by malformation of the AER, diminished Shh expression and the absence of the ma
274 bthalamic nucleus (STN) has no effect on the AER, but a previous case suggested that DBS of the globu
277 p63 and Dlx5;Dlx6 murine models of SHFM, the AER is poorly stratified and FGF8 expression is severely
278 tion of Tbx2 expression, suggesting that the AER produces a negatively-acting signal opposing the act
279 g normal embryogenesis, BMP signaling to the AER indirectly regulates interdigit PCD by regulating AE
282 al tip mesenchyme immediately underneath the AER is preferentially affected in the mutant limb, coinc
283 t, during the same periods of follow-up, the AER for deaths from second primary cancers and circulato
284 ave uncovered a novel mechanism, whereby the AER regulates the number of autopod progenitors by deter
285 f4 and that the induction of Ptc2 within the AER, like that of Fgf4, is mediated via antagonism of BM
290 ower hemoglobin A1c and BP and regression to AER<300 mg/d were associated with reduced risk of develo
292 erson-years, respectively); 36% of the total AER was attributable to these 2 subsequent primary neopl
294 mutant limbs, we performed double and triple AER-specific inactivations of Bmpr1a, Fgf4 and Fgf8.
295 bud initiation causes an upregulation of two AER-FGFs, Fgf4 and Fgf8, and a loss of interdigital PCD
296 ver, through at least 10 years of follow-up, AER could often be controlled, and GFR frequently remain
297 ned by vehicle air exchange rate (AER), with AER being mostly a function of ventilation setting (reci
298 PK levels are independently correlated with AER and are categorically elevated in patients with macr
299 d assessment of perfusion and function, with AERs of 2.4% (both normal), 5.8% (discordant), and 11.3%
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