ライフサイエンスコーパス: APN

1 APN also provides an exposed outer surface for coronavir

2 APN antagonists specifically inhibited angiogenesis in c

3 APN binds to, but does not degrade, NGR motifs in ECM pr

4 APN deficiency is associated with protection from chemic

5 APN exerts proinflammatory activities in the colon by in

6 APN expression produced sustained and significant elevat

7 APN induced AdipoR mRNA and protein expression by up-reg

8 APN inhibited the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1R), in

9 APN is a cell surface-anchored and seahorse-shaped zinc-

10 APN is expressed in the colon, luminal APN associates wi

11 APN knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) litterma

12 APN KO mice are protected from chemically induced coliti

13 APN receptors localize in the retina, particularly to pa

14 APN-KO mice also exhibited increased leukocyte adhesion

15 APN-KO mice exhibited enlarged brain infarction and incr

16 APN-KO mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow during

17 Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine that regulates insulin sensitivity

18 Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose tissue-derived factor with anti-infla

19 Adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts anti-inflammat

20 lectrochemical immunosensor for adiponectin (APN) using screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modi

21 ing, adipocyte-secreted hormone adiponectin (APN) exerts protective effects on the heart under stress

22 her increasing plasma levels of adiponectin (APN), a pleiotropic adipokine, provides therapeutic bene

23 Serum adiponectin (APN) concentrations positively correlate with postnatal

24 studies have demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) attenuates cerebral ischemic/reperfusion via globul

25 Antibodies against APN inhibited in vivo tumor homing by the NGR phage.

26 herapeutic both in vitro and in vivo against APN-expressing prostate cancer models.

27 hat have significantly reduced lung airspace APN but high serum APN levels had pulmonary inflammatory

28 ng loss of domain III binding eliminates all APN binding.

29 NA profiles to distinguish between allograft APN and AR.

30 derived from co-drugs combining a NEP and an APN inhibitor through a disulfide bond with side chains

31 s are evidence that the 106-kDa GPI-anchored APN is a specific binding protein, and a putative midgut

32 ical difference in expression between AR and APN.

33 The inconsistency between BBMV and APN binding data with Cry1Ab to M. sexta suggests the po

34 d extensive colocalization of T-cadherin and APN on cardiomyocytes in vivo.

35 Cytokines and APN levels were measured.

36 phenotype controls the AdipoR expression and APN-mediated inflammatory response.

37 doplasmic reticulum stress is increased, and APN production is suppressed.

38 For both ASGP-R and APN and for both treatments, the block in trafficking wa

39 Participants in the standard and APN counseling groups were not statistically different b

40 Direct correlation between toxicity and APN binding was observed for the mutant toxins using thi

41 regions are involved in in vivo toxicity and APN binding.

42 ites during cerebral ischemia in both WT and APN-KO mice.

43 uring ischemia did not differ between WT and APN-KO mice.

44 ntly reduced cerebral infarct size in WT and APN-KO mice.

45 compared with apoE single-deficient (apoE-/-APN+/+) mice.

46 otein E/adiponectin double-deficient (apoE-/-APN-/-) mice had increased plasma IP-10 levels, accelera

47 tility, we examined the interactions between APN and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.

48 the specific and stable interactions between APN and the NGR motifs in ECM proteins and tumor-homing

49 d pathological cardiac remodeling by binding APN and activating its cardioprotective functions.

50 The receptors binding APN to cardiac tissue, however, have remained elusive.

51 ce of apoptotic cells by macrophages in both APN-KO and wild-type mice.

52 , apoptosis and TNF-alpha production in both APN-KO and wild-type mice.

53 uteum, blood vessels also expressed APN, but APN was not detected in blood vessels of various other n

54 cts on lung endothelium were demonstrated by APN's ability to inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 production in

55 CD13/APN is also found in nonhematopoietic tissues, and its n

56 CD13/APN is transactivated by a cooperative interaction betwe

57 use mutation of this sequence abrogates CD13/APN transcription.

58 and synergizes with c-Myb in activating CD13/APN expression.

59 yb regulated targets, such as Bcl-2 and CD13/APN, coupled with the activation of as yet undefined dif

60 ription of reporter plasmids containing CD13/APN proximal promoter sequences is significantly increas

61 to influence Ets-1- and c-Myb-dependent CD13/APN transcription.

62 his report, it is shown that endogenous CD13/APN levels in primary cells and cell lines are up-regula

63 tively rescued by addition of exogenous CD13/APN protein.

64 Ets-2 by RAS/MAPK is a prerequisite for CD13/APN endothelial induction and Ets-2 and its targets play

65 f this pathway that are responsible for CD13/APN induction.

66 Ets-2 phosphorylation is obligatory for CD13/APN induction.

67 confirm a role for endogenous Ets-2 in CD13/APN expression, we specifically abrogated Ets-2 mRNA and

68 knockdown that significantly inhibited CD13/APN transcription.

69 n immature myeloblastic cells inhibited CD13/APN-driven reporter gene activity (85 to 95% reduction)

70 CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis both in vitro

71 The CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) metalloprotease is an important regulator of angiog

72 - and c-Myb-dependent aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) promoter and an Ets-1-dependent artificial promoter

73 in tumor vasculature, the regulation of CD13/APN by factors contributing to angiogenic progression wa

74 c-Maf's inhibition of CD13/APN expression correlates with its ability to physically

75 sential for the angiogenic induction of CD13/APN expression.

76 vitro and in vivo and transcription of CD13/APN in endothelial cells is induced by angiogenic growth

77 ere, we show that cytokine induction of CD13/APN in endothelial cells is regulated by distinct Ras ef

78 duced endogenous cell surface levels of CD13/APN in U937 cells.

79 To investigate the mechanisms of CD13/APN induction in tumor vasculature, the regulation of CD

80 Finally, functional antagonists of CD13/APN interfere with tube formation but not proliferation

81 d the possibility that the induction of CD13/APN is mediated by phosphorylation of Ets-2 via RAS/MAPK

82 Assessment of CD13/APN promoter responsiveness demonstrated that hDMP1alpha

83 This pattern matched that of CD13/APN reporter gene expression, indicating that Maf modula

84 Activation of CD13/APN required both the intact DNA binding and transactiva

85 mical inhibitors prevented induction of CD13/APN transcription in response to basic fibroblast growth

86 Reintroduction of CD13/APN, a shared downstream target of these pathways, overr

87 ular endothelial cells, suggesting that CD13/APN functions in the control of endothelial cell morphog

88 se studies provide strong evidence that CD13/APN is an important target of Ras signaling in angiogene

89 xenograft tumor growth, indicating that CD13/APN plays an important functional role in vasculogenesis

90 These studies clearly establish the CD13/APN metalloprotease as an important regulator of endothe

91 In the hematopoietic compartment, the CD13/APN metalloprotease is one of the earliest markers of ce

92 factors mapped to a 38-bp region of the CD13/APN promoter containing an Ets-core motif that specifica

93 ore, hDMP1beta was found to inhibit the CD13/APN promoter transactivation ability of hDMP1alpha.

94 (MEK) stimulate transcription from the CD13/APN proximal promoter.

95 to a lesser extent Ets-1, transactivate CD13/APN promoter activity via the Ets-core motif, whereas Fl

96 2 mutant, T72A, failed to transactivate CD13/APN, suggesting that Ets-2 phosphorylation is obligatory

97 Treatment of animals with CD13/APN inhibitors significantly impaired retinal neovascula

98 Circulating APN binds to bFGF and HB-EGF, likely inhibiting their pr

99 N in ROP development and whether circulating APN concentrations are increased by dietary omega-3 LCPU

100 Thus, in colitis, APN exerts an opposite role compared with atherosclerosi

101 Expression of colonic APN overlaps with that of bFGF and HB-EGF, which play a

102 amount of APN care in minutes or contacts); APN (education, expertise, and experience); and host and

103 Conversely, APN uncovers a high-affinity epitope that is subsequentl

104 nce were used to confirm and characterize CP-APN interaction.

105 vity in sda mutants is caused by a defective APN gene that somehow increases seizure susceptibility.

106 Bm12 allografts into adiponectin-deficient (APN-/-, C57BL/6 background) or wild-type (APN+/+) mice.

107 injury, we subjected adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to 1 hour of middle cere

108 chemia-reperfusion in adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice resulted in increased myocardial infarct si

109 Adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice were impaired in their ability to clear apo

110 emic inflammatory response in APN-deficient (APN(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (wt) littermates.

111 egulating AdipoR expression and differential APN-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses, which ca

112 an N-acetylgalactosamine moiety on L. dispar APN.

113 expression may prove helpful to distinguish APN from AR in renal allograft biopsies.

114 e used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish APN from lower UTI and function as a diagnostic marker i

115 essential in developing studies to document APN effects on outcomes important to the country and reg

116 le N displayed growth retardation in Vero E6-APN cells compared to the wild-type virus.

117 These structural features enable APN to function ubiquitously in peptide metabolism, inte

118 igh-molecular weight APN levels and enhanced APN localization in the artery wall.

119 s essential in developing studies to examine APN effectiveness internationally.

120 , in oxygen-induced retinopathy experiments, APN-deficient mice had a marked and dose-dependent defic

121 To explore APN-based tumor cell motility, we examined the interacti

122 tured APN and to cells engineered to express APN on their surface.

123 -null mice, recombinant adenovirus-expressed APN reduced exaggerated hypertrophy and infarct size and

124 corpus luteum, blood vessels also expressed APN, but APN was not detected in blood vessels of variou

125 ase N (APN) of their natural host and feline APN (fAPN) as receptors.

126 ycosylation differences between hAPN, feline APN (fAPN), and pAPN account for receptor specificity of

127 Using mouse-feline APN chimeras, we identified three small, discontinuous r

128 rfusion models, T-cadherin was necessary for APN-dependent AMPK phosphorylation.

129 selected conditions, a calibration plot for APN was constructed showing a range of linearity extendi

130 dysfunction may be a sign more specific for APN and prognostic of potential recovery.

131 ely, and its sensitivity and specificity for APN were compared with those of dimercaptosuccinic acid

132 742 in fAPN and the homologous R741 in human APN (hAPN) were key determinants of host range for FCoV,

133 example, the human coronavirus can use human APN (hAPN) but not porcine APN (pAPN) as its cellular re

134 bitors of N. meningitides, porcine and human APNs, and the reference leucine aminopeptidase (LAP).

135 R phage specifically bound to immunocaptured APN and to cells engineered to express APN on their surf

136 This study further implicates APN as an integrin-like molecule that functions broadly

137 In APN-null mice, recombinant adenovirus-expressed APN redu

138 ation by 35% in wild-type mice and by 40% in APN-KO mice and leukostasis by 64% in wild-type mice and

139 tasis by 64% in wild-type mice and by 75% in APN-KO mice, which were associated with reduced TNF-alph

140 depicting focal parenchymal abnormalities in APN as was the 3- to 4-h DMSA routine procedure.

141 Adiponectin provision by adenovirus in APN-/- mice reversed these exacerbated responses to allo

142 The rejected allografts in APN-/- mice contained significantly higher levels of tum

143 ide metabolites in plasma were attenuated in APN-KO mice compared with WT mice.

144 Thus, cooperation in APN expression by both cancer cells and nonmalignant str

145 induce functional blood vessel formation in APN-null mice.

146 WBC, CRP, ESR and DNI were higher in APN than in lower UTI (p < 0.01).

147 activity of HB-EGF, restores inflammation in APN KO mice.

148 ost) cells on tumor growth and metastasis in APN-null mice.

149 enhanced pathological neovascularization in APN-KO mice by 34%, and the inhibitory effects of adipon

150 ung injury and inflammation were observed in APN(-/-) mice as early as 4 h after delivery of LPS.

151 xaggerated systemic inflammatory response in APN-deficient (APN(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (w

152 in increased infarct size similar to that in APN-null mice.

153 e acute rejection relative to transplants in APN+/+ hosts accompanied by increased accumulation of CD

154 omega-3 LCPUFA feed in mice increases APN production by reducing adipose endoplasmic reticulum

155 Our findings suggest that increasing APN by omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in total parental

156 To investigate APN-based tumor-homing therapy, we determined the crysta

157 strains, derived from 129S6/SvEvTAC, AKR/J, APN, BALB/cJ, BTBR-T+ tf/tf, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J,

158 A 70-kDa fragment of the 106-kDa APN was expressed in Escherichia coli.

159 In our study, a 106-kDa APN, called AgAPN2, released by phosphatidylinositol-spe

160 nvolved in toxicity, we truncated the 70-kDa APN fragment into peptides of 28- and 30-kDa ta and tb,

161 mia was exacerbated in adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) mice compared with wild-type mice (neovascular a

162 lleled corresponding defects in mice lacking APN.

163 s-derived, inbred strains: ALR/LtJ, ALS/LtJ, APN, APS, ICR/HaRos, NOD/LtJ, NON/LtJ, SJL/J, and SWR/J.

164 APN is expressed in the colon, luminal APN associates with colonic epithelial cells.

165 In M1 macrophages, APN induced proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-6,

166 In contrast, in M2 macrophages, APN induced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 without

167 In T-cadherin-deficient mice, APN failed to associate with cardiac tissue, and its lev

168 In two independent tumor graft models, APN activity in both the tumors and the host cells coope

169 alogs exhibited a high affinity for monozinc APNs associated with a reasonable selectivity versus diz

170 ng a recombinant adenovirus expressing mouse APN (AdAPN) and as control, adenovirus expressing green

171 quon present between aa 288 to 290 in murine APN.

172 Tumor cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) has two puzzling functions unrelated to its

173 ic neuropeptidases, namely aminopeptidase N (APN) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP 24.11).

174 een shown to activate CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) and p19ARF gene expression via binding to canonical

175 e identify membrane alanyl aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) c

176 sy moth (Lymantria dispar) aminopeptidase N (APN) biphasically.

177 phila homolog of the human aminopeptidase N (APN) gene.

178 e group 1 coronavirus, use aminopeptidase N (APN) of their natural host and feline APN (fAPN) as rece

179 Mammalian aminopeptidase N (APN) plays multifunctional roles in many physiological p

180 assays were performed with aminopeptidase N (APN) purified from L. dispar and M. sexta BBMVs using su

181 inhibition of cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) using actinonin, bestatin, or inhibitory peptides s

182 Recently, a 100-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN) was isolated from brush border membrane vesicles (B

183 Aminopeptidase N (APN), a 150-kDa metalloprotease also called CD13, serves

184 t has been well studied is aminopeptidase N (APN), a multifunctional protease known to cleave biologi

185 A 106-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN), called AgAPN2, was previously identified as a Cry1

186 nonspecific exopeptidase, aminopeptidase N (APN), is inhibited sequence-specifically by a synthetic

187 e-spanning apical resident aminopeptidase N (APN).

188 Aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13; EC 3.4.11.2) is a transmembrane metalloprotea

189 in (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) and aminopeptidase N (APN, EC 3.4.11.2).

190 es in tumor vasculature is aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13).

191 The metalloprotease aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is often overexpressed in tumor cells and has

192 ers revealed that the CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN; EC 3.4.11.2) promoter could bind and be activated b

193 Lepidopteran midgut aminopeptidases N (APNs) are phylogenetically divided into eight clusters,

194 assification by using associative Petri net (APN) for personalized ECG-arrhythmia-pattern identificat

195 elation is shown to exist between neutrophil APN activity and the sensitivity of donor cells to TNFal

196 with 46 (22.3%) of 206 survivors in the non-APN group (P < .001).

197 Documentation of advanced practice nurses' (APNs) effectiveness globally is essential in developing

198 The proteolytic activity of APN promotes cancer angiogenesis and metastasis making i

199 est significant variation in the activity of APN/CD13 on the cell surface of neutrophils in normal in

200 hemically induced colitis; administration of APN restores inflammation.

201 ssification model and reasoning algorithm of APN are created for ECG arrhythmias classification.

202 actice site, region or country and amount of APN care in minutes or contacts); APN (education, expert

203 on (e.g., IL-6) only in endothelial cells of APN(-/-) mice when compared with wt mice.

204 e active site and peptide-binding channel of APN reside in cavities with wide openings, allowing easy

205 al findings compatible with the diagnosis of APN were, for MAG3-F(0), regional parenchymal dysfunctio

206 esults demonstrated a dynamic dysfunction of APN/AdipoR1 accompanying T1DM progression.

207 this hypothesis by comparing the effects of APN deficiency in allografted malignant (tumor) and nonm

208 Expression of APN and heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF)

209 Expression of APN and its receptors, HB-EGF, and basic fibroblast grow

210 Among the 11 biopsies with features of APN, 4 biopsies showed good clustering with a pattern di

211 idney, n=4; unequivocal AR, n=5; features of APN, n=11).

212 entified 49 patients with biopsy features of APN, within the first 2 years posttransplant.

213 vo experiments support the identification of APN as the first receptor in a plant virus vector.

214 e to design a selective peptide inhibitor of APN that was an effective therapeutic both in vitro and

215 s of dopaminergic drugs on the mRNA level of APN and NEP 24.11 were determined by RNase protection as

216 Loss of APN expression by the host and/or the malignant cells al

217 ildren and adults with a clinical picture of APN, diuretic MAG3 scintigraphy with zero time injection

218 of this study was to investigate the role of APN in intestinal inflammation.

219 We examined the role of APN in ROP development and whether circulating APN conce

220 is study elucidates multifunctional roles of APN and can guide therapeutic efforts to treat APN-relat

221 To understand the substrate specificity of APN for the development of targeted inhibitors, we used

222 rapy, we determined the crystal structure of APN complexed with a tumor-homing peptide containing a r

223 alytically active state, these structures of APN illustrate a detailed catalytic mechanism for its am

224 Our previous studies of APN-null mice revealed impaired neoangiogenesis in model

225 inical and laboratory findings suggestive of APN, the 2 radiopharmaceuticals were used for imaging se

226 or downstream protective signaling target of APN.

227 cts consist of 3 components: dose (number of APNs at the clinical practice site, region or country an

228 Based on the body of research on APN effectiveness to date, two major factors have emerge

229 will provide for technologies based on PEMV-APN interaction designed to block plant virus transmissi

230 Moreover, the ischemic penumbra APN levels increased and peaked in T1DM-2W mice, and red

231 ting AngII-induced AAA and increasing plasma APN levels as a strategy to prevent advanced AAA.

232 t mouse (LDLR(-/-)) model, we induced plasma APN levels using a recombinant adenovirus expressing mou

233 rus can use human APN (hAPN) but not porcine APN (pAPN) as its cellular receptor, and porcine coronav

234 we determined crystal structures of porcine APN at 1.85 A resolution and its complexes with a peptid

235 e of DNI in predicting acute pyelonephritis (APN) or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using the data of 28

236 Acute pyelonephritis (APN) versus acute rejection (AR) is a frequently encount

237 investigation of focal acute pyelonephritis (APN), especially in children with urinary tract infectio

238 onstrated that in the presence of excess Q7, APN quantitatively converts the pentapeptides Thr-Gly-Al

239 Recombinant APN expressed in Sf9 cells resulted in internalization o

240 in five patients with medication-refractory APN.

241 yb family proteins collaborate in regulating APN gene expression and point to a role for DMP1 in norm

242 Remarkably, APN inhibited the AAA development in AdAPN mice by suppr

243 y, in addition to vascular biology research, APN-null mice may be useful reagents in other medical fi

244 he APN enzymatic active site, but it resists APN degradation due to a distorted scissile peptide bond

245 .1 and PEMV bind to and compete for the same APN receptor.

246 Serum APN concentrations were correlated with ROP development

247 ons positively correlate with ROP, and serum APN concentrations positively correlate with serum omega

248 tly reduced lung airspace APN but high serum APN levels had pulmonary inflammatory responses after in

249 ega-3 LCPUFA supplementation increases serum APN concentrations, which then suppress retinopathy.

250 We found that in preterm infants, low serum APN concentrations positively correlate with ROP, and se

251 se findings indicate the importance of serum APN in modulating LPS-induced ALI and suggest that condi

252 Association of serum APN with HB-EGF and bFGF was studied by coimmunoprecipit

253 smic reticulum, is the major source of serum APN.

254 on MAG3-F(0) may indicate either more severe APN or preexistent scars and that regional dysfunction m

255 Some APN-/- mice received adiponectin reconstitution by adeno

256 In this study, APN's role in the early development of ALI to LPS was in

257 These studies strongly support APN therapeutic actions through multiple mechanisms inhi

258 Inhibition of cell surface APN appears to interfere with the shedding of TNFRI, and

259 Surprisingly, APN-null mice developed with no gross or histological ab

260 These findings establish that APN-null mice develop normally without physiological alt

261 ncer cells and suggested the hypothesis that APN expressed by nonmalignant cells might promote tumor

262 Immunohistochemical staining showed that APN expression is up-regulated in endothelial cells with

263 ion in controlling AdipoR expression and the APN-mediated inflammatory response has not been investig

264 sor exhibited a good reproducibility for the APN measurements, excellent storage stability and select

265 llow-up, 107 (52.2%) of 205 survivors in the APN group completed screening compared with 46 (22.3%) o

266 nual, 2 years, or 5 years), survivors in the APN group were > 2x more likely than those in the contro

267 ecies-specific amino acid differences in the APN proteins of different species.

268 ilar conformations with the NGR motif in the APN-bound tumor-homing peptide.

269 en no reports of in vivo inactivation of the APN gene to validate these findings.

270 we evaluated, by targeted disruption of the APN gene, whether APN participates in blood vessel forma

271 f syntheses of this and other members of the APN ligand family is assessed, and their applications in

272 The key structural features of the APN pharmacophore required for substrate recognition wer

273 The tumor-homing peptide binds to the APN enzymatic active site, but it resists APN degradatio

274 reduced to normal in T1DM-8W mice, while the APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) expression change was the oppos

275 consider the concept of dose effects of the APNs.

276 Therefore, APN-based tumor cell motility and tumor-homing therapy r

277 These APN (atropos P,N) ligands require a specific type of bia

278 Thus, APN is involved in angiogenesis and can serve as a targe

279 ve in mice lacking T-cadherin in addition to APN.

280 t and/or family receptiveness to APNs and to APN practice).

281 a peptide previously demonstrated to bind to APN in the aphid gut and to impede PEMV uptake into the

282 ent protein (CP-P-GFP) specifically bound to APN.

283 within domain III affected binding rates to APN site 1, whereas mutations in domain II affected bind

284 tions in domain II affected binding rates to APN site 2.

285 oduced contrasting inflammatory responses to APN (EC50 5 microg/ml).

286 Allografts transplanted to APN-/- mice showed severe acute rejection relative to tr

287 al or patient and/or family receptiveness to APNs and to APN practice).

288 In mouse OIR, serum total APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentratio

289 N and can guide therapeutic efforts to treat APN-related diseases.

290 dations (n = 234), or standard care plus two APN telephone counseling sessions (n = 238).

291 t (APN-/-, C57BL/6 background) or wild-type (APN+/+) mice.

292 In tumor vasculature, APN is overexpressed in the endothelium and promotes ang

293 In vitro, APN increases production of proinflammatory cytokines fr

294 elevation of total and high-molecular weight APN levels and enhanced APN localization in the artery w

295 otal APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentrations are increased by omega-3 LCPUFA feed.

296 White adipose tissue, where APN is produced and assembled in the endoplasmic reticul

297 viduals and reveal a novel mechanism whereby APN/CD13 regulates TNFalpha-induced apoptosis via inhibi

298 targeted disruption of the APN gene, whether APN participates in blood vessel formation and function

299 cularization is reduced from 70% to 10% with APN deficiency.

300 cardiac stress through its association with APN in mice.