ライフサイエンスコーパス: Aplysia

1 odel species, Aplysia californica (hereafter Aplysia).

2 ical role in long-term memory maintenance in Aplysia.

3 log of ApCPEB, a functional prion protein in Aplysia.

4 nic stimulation of the presynaptic neuron in Aplysia.

5 ic plasticity underlying memory formation in Aplysia.

6 l III, was cloned from the nervous system of Aplysia.

7 itation (LTF) of the sensorimotor synapse in Aplysia.

8 investigate it here in the feeding system of Aplysia.

9 verall decline in reflexive movement in aged Aplysia.

10 sensory neuron (SN)-motor neuron synapses in Aplysia.

11 o be necessary for long-term memory (LTM) in Aplysia.

12 RNAs, 13 of which were novel and specific to Aplysia.

13 tor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia.

14 is critical for the expression of feeding in Aplysia.

15 or nondifferential classical conditioning in Aplysia.

16 g-lasting plasticity and memory formation in Aplysia.

17 r the formation of long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

18 ng-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in adult Aplysia.

19 xtrinsic modulation of the feeding system of Aplysia.

20 ll as in dishabituation and sensitization in Aplysia.

21 ssion at sensorimotor synapses in the CNS of Aplysia.

22 in (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the CNS of Aplysia.

23 neurons having somata in central ganglia of Aplysia.

24 tation (LTF) in sensorimotor cocultures from Aplysia.

25 actable model system; the feeding network of Aplysia.

26 naptic plasticity, long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

27 underlying intermediate-term memory (ITM) in Aplysia.

28 er that mediates behavioral sensitization in Aplysia[1-3], induces long-term facilitation (LTF) of th

29 o play a major role in long-term learning in Aplysia[5].

30 stingly, no D-Ser was detected in the CNS of Aplysia, a "primitive" invertebrate.

31 uce long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia, a neuronal correlate of memory.

32 Molecular analyses of Aplysia, a well-established model organism for cellular

33 A water soluble chimera of Aplysia acetylcholine binding protein with the same alph

34 Crystal structures of Aplysia AChBP bound with the agonist anabaseine, two par

35 Analysis of Aplysia AChBP complexes with nicotinic ligands shows tha

36 tures of multiple neuropeptides (bradykinin, Aplysia acidic peptide 1-20, and insulin).

37 Like the K2p subunit cloned previously from Aplysia, AcK2p2 appears to be more closely related to hu

38 ng in Drosophila, long-term sensitization in Aplysia, active-avoidance conditioning in Zebrafish, and

39 underlie learning-related synaptic growth in Aplysia and discuss the possibility that an active, prio

40 Previous studies in Aplysia and Drosophila have found that a neuronal varian

41 both in the CNS and the peripheral organs of Aplysia and implies a role for NO as a modulator of chem

42 loops may operate in several systems (e.g., Aplysia and rat).

43 intracellularly on injection into the living Aplysia and that its concentration increases when the an

44 ituted anabaseines with AChBPs from Lymnaea, Aplysia, and Bulinus species and correlated their bindin

45 The nociceptive SNs of Aplysia (ap) develop an LTH with electrophysiological pr

46 found that a translation regulator CPEB from Aplysia, ApCPEB, that stabilizes activity-dependent chan

47 term sensitization of withdrawal reflexes of Aplysia are attributable at least in part to facilitatio

48 long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity in Aplysia as well as cognition in mice.

49 most motor neurons in the buccal network of Aplysia at low, nontoxic Mn(2+) concentrations.

50 of a single neuron in the buccal ganglion of Aplysia at room temperature.

51 We have now used Aplysia bag cell (BC) neurons, which regulate reproducti

52 and docked mitochondria in chick sensory and Aplysia bag cell neurons growing rapidly on physiologica

53 the rat pituitary gland and single cultured Aplysia bag cell neurons.

54 We use experimental measurements in the Aplysia bag growth cone to develop and constrain a simpl

55 of how food-seeking behavior in the sea slug Aplysia becomes compulsive provides new insights into th

56 al of the tail-mantle and head of individual Aplysia before and after attack by lobsters.

57 tence of long-term memory was examined using Aplysia bifurcated sensory neuron-motor neuron cultures.

58 mparative analysis showed that the predicted Aplysia brasiliana enticin and temptin proteins were 90

59 produce closely related attractins, such as Aplysia brasiliana, whose geographic distribution does n

60 closely related to the cyclases cloned from Aplysia but also shows significant homology with the mam

61 ted that egg cordons alone are attractive to Aplysia but that attractin alone is not.

62 ory (AD-ITM) for sensitization is induced in Aplysia by a single tail shock that gives rise to plasti

63 ng the amount of available gene sequences of Aplysia by two orders of magnitude, this collection repr

64 ts activation, after axotomy, is mediated by Aplysia c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (apJNK), which enters th

65 ymes, including the ADP-ribosyl cyclase from Aplysia california (ADPRAC) and CD38 from human.

66 tinoid and high nicotinoid sensitivities and Aplysia californica (Ac) AChBP of high neonicotinoid sen

67 rom extensive research on the model species, Aplysia californica (hereafter Aplysia).

68 Neurons isolated from Aplysia californica , an organism with a well-defined ne

69 siphon-withdrawal reflex in the marine snail Aplysia californica [4, 5] could undergo reconsolidation

70 idated by identifying a known DAACP from the Aplysia californica abdominal ganglion.

71 ing the antagonist-bound conformation of the Aplysia californica acetylcholine binding protein as a t

72 of cytisine and varenicline in complex with Aplysia californica acetylcholine-binding protein and us

73 cture of alpha-conotoxin GIC in complex with Aplysia californica AChBP (Ac-AChBP) at a resolution of

74 rid and thiacloprid in the binding site from Aplysia californica AChBP at 2.48 and 1.94 A in resoluti

75 additional in situ reactions with a mutated Aplysia californica AChBP that was made to resemble the

76 en synthesized from NADP enzymatically using Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase or mammalian NAD

77 Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase tolerates even t

78 sized, and their substrate properties toward Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase were investigate

79 e dinucleotide analogues enzymatically using Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase.

80 of rejection responses in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica and compared these mechanisms with t

81 We explored this general question by using Aplysia californica as a model system.

82 To explore this important question, we used Aplysia californica as a model system.

83 Aplysia californica attractin attracts species that prod

84 Positioned in the extracellular media near Aplysia californica bag cell neurons, upon electrical st

85 Using Aplysia californica bag cell neurons, which initiate rep

86 entified and isolated large neurons from the Aplysia californica central nervous system.

87 eta) gene, this transcript does not exist in Aplysia californica despite the fact that inhibitors of

88 es in processes from identified neurons from Aplysia californica differ significantly depending on th

89 The feeding system of Aplysia californica displays repetition priming via an i

90 We examine this question in the Aplysia californica feeding motor network in five electr

91 The siphon of Aplysia californica has several functions, including inv

92 Here we present the Slo1 structure from Aplysia californica in the absence of Ca(2+) and compare

93 The crystal structure of AChBP from Aplysia californica in the apo form reveals a more open

94 structure of a full-length Slo1 channel from Aplysia californica in the presence of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)

95 ancreatic islets of Langerhans, and from the Aplysia californica nervous system, are classified using

96 , we quantified retrograde traction force in Aplysia californica neuronal growth cones as they develo

97 tive microanalysis of peptides in individual Aplysia californica neurons and small pieces of tissue.

98 Aplysia californica neurons comprise a powerful model sy

99 is suitable for a range of cell sizes, from Aplysia californica neurons larger than 75 mum to 7-mum

100 A primary neuronal culture of Aplysia californica neurons was established directly ins

101 We used the marine mollusk Aplysia californica to investigate circadian modulation

102 ontaining cells in the opisthobranch mollusc Aplysia californica was studied by using NADPH-diaphoras

103 aracterized, peptidergic bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica were collected and their temporal pa

104 Nicotinic agonist interactions with mollusk (Aplysia californica) acetylcholine binding protein, a so

105 mum in diameter) isolated from the sea slug (Aplysia californica) central and rat (Rattus norvegicus)

106 mechanisms of chemical defense of sea hares (Aplysia californica), which, when attacked by spiny lobs

107 --as intraspecific alarm cues for sea hares (Aplysia californica).

108 ntally advantageous preparation (the mollusk Aplysia californica).

109 on (PNA-LTF) of the sensorimotor synapses in Aplysia californica, a cellular analog of long-term sens

110 We recorded from bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica, a model system to study neuronal ex

111 ically isolated from the CNS of the sea slug Aplysia californica, a well characterized neurobiologica

112 rain and the central nervous system (CNS) of Aplysia californica, a widely used neuronal model, were

113 of the F- and C-clusters of the invertebrate Aplysia californica, and D-Asp appears to be involved in

114 of identified neurons in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, and in axons within the vagus nerve

115 In the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica, feeding-induced transition from a h

116 two feeding behaviors in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, one of which must precede the secon

117 ogenates of the mouth area from the sea slug Aplysia californica, previously shown to be NO-positive,

118 In the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, waterborne protein pheromones that

119 Using Aplysia californica, we found that crushing peripheral n

120 peptide release from the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica, which initiate reproduction by secr

121 is demonstrated with identified neurons from Aplysia californica--the R2 neuron and metacerebral cell

122 tization of defensive withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia californica-can be prolonged by additional stimu

123 rrelate of aging in the California sea hare, Aplysia californica.

124 llel sequencing to profile the small RNAs of Aplysia californica.

125 ted facilitation of sensorimotor synapses in Aplysia californica.

126 peptide distributions in nervous tissue from Aplysia californica.

127 sing sensory neurons from the marine mollusk Aplysia californica.

128 ion in the siphon-withdrawal reflex (SWR) of Aplysia californica.

129 long-term memory (LTM) for sensitization in Aplysia californica.

130 te to feeding behavior in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica.

131 ned from the CNS of the marine opisthobranch Aplysia californica.

132 ulated by the circadian clock in the diurnal Aplysia californica.

133 tive and nonassociative forms of learning in Aplysia californica.

134 vercome these limitations using the sea slug Aplysia californica.

135 n the central nervous system of the sea slug Aplysia californica.

136 tion of two dissimilar feeding structures in Aplysia californica: the external lips and the internal

137 ctly from neurons isolated from the sea slug Aplysia californica; the fraction of the peptide with th

138 The Aplysia CAM (apCAM), an invertebrate IgCAM, shares struc

139 ing of the gill-withdrawal response (GWR) in Aplysia can be elicited by training in which a condition

140 , we reported that long-term memory (LTM) in Aplysia can be reinstated by truncated (partial) trainin

141 hat drives consummatory feeding behaviors of Aplysia can produce ingestive, egestive, and intermediat

142 irs of cerebral serotonergic interneurons in Aplysia, CC9 and CC10, were persistently activated by tr

143 itogen-activated protein kinase (P-MAPK) and Aplysia CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (ApC/EBP).

144 To explore the role of both Aplysia cell adhesion molecule (ApCAM) and activity of s

145 noglobulin superfamily molecules such as the Aplysia cell adhesion molecule (apCAM) leads to actin fi

146 The Aplysia cell adhesion molecule (apCAM), a member of the

147 with a cantilever that was modified with an Aplysia cell adhesion molecule (apCAM)-coated microbead.

148 eptides in bag cell neuron clusters from the Aplysia central nervous system, the rat cerebellum, and

149 At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of CREB1 an

150 mmunostaining mapped its distribution in the Aplysia CNS.

151 We identified four putative ACs in Aplysia CNS.

152 that both GFFD and GdFFD were present in the Aplysia CNS.

153 s, we generated small RNA libraries from the Aplysia CNS.

154 Aplysia cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPE

155 tin family: A. brasiliana, Aplysia fasciata, Aplysia depilans (which aggregates with A. fasciata aggr

156 At the sensory-motor neuron synapse of Aplysia, either spaced or continuous (massed) exposure t

157 Withdrawal reflexes of the mollusk Aplysia exhibit sensitization, a simple form of long-ter

158 The sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia expresses different forms of long-term facilitat

159 Aplysia fasciata myoglobin, having no naturally occurrin

160 hiaje (sea cucumber), the gastropod molluscs Aplysia fasciata Poiret and Aplysia punctata Cuvier (sea

161 bers of the attractin family: A. brasiliana, Aplysia fasciata, Aplysia depilans (which aggregates wit

162 extended our studies to a nocturnal species, Aplysia fasciata.

163 In the Aplysia feeding central pattern generator (CPG), identif

164 We conclude that the Aplysia feeding CPG really has a coherent internal netwo

165 Here we demonstrate that, in the Aplysia feeding CPG, inhibitory inputs may be critical f

166 Thus, the small microcircuit of the Aplysia feeding network is advantageous in understanding

167 In the Aplysia feeding network, we show that interneuron B65 re

168 The Aplysia feeding system is advantageous for investigating

169 The Aplysia feeding system with its high degree of plasticit

170 In a learning paradigm affecting Aplysia feeding, when animals were trained after being a

171 The Aplysia genes encoding for cAMP-response element-binding

172 ulica, we targeted two predicted peptides in Aplysia, GFFD, similar to achatin-I (GdFAD versus GFAD,

173 Both approaches showed that Aplysia growth cones can develop traction forces in the

174 y the P domain, T zone, and C domain of live Aplysia growth cones.

175 cortactin, in lamellipodia and filopodia of Aplysia growth cones.

176 In Aplysia, habituation is mediated by rapid depression of

177 lyl cyclase (AC) in sensory neurons (SNs) in Aplysia has been proposed as a molecular coincidence det

178 The accessory radula closer (ARC) muscle of Aplysia has long been studied as a typical "slow" muscle

179 Aplysia has only one HCN gene, which codes for a channel

180 For decades, the marine snail Aplysia has proven to be a powerful system for analyzing

181 uation of the defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia have been ascribed to presynaptic mechanisms, pa

182 Levels of CREB1, the Aplysia homolog of CREB, show sustained elevations for s

183 CAM and therefore has been considered as the Aplysia homolog of NCAM.

184 apCAM has been considered to be the Aplysia homolog of the vertebrate neural cell adhesion m

185 Mammalian CD38 and its Aplysia homolog, ADP-ribosyl cyclase (cyclase), are two

186 We first cloned and characterized the Aplysia homologs of the small G proteins, Ras and Rap1 (

187 t that inhibitors of PKMzeta erase memory in Aplysia in a fashion similar to rodents.

188 aptic plasticity at sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia in cell culture when expressing persistent long-

189 olleagues identify 170 distinct microRNAs in Aplysia, including one, miR-124, that plays a critical r

190 regulate Ca(2+)-dependent processes, and for Aplysia, influence how reproductive behavior is triggere

191 n of nanoliter volume samples containing the Aplysia insulin C beta peptide.

192 Mate attraction in Aplysia involves a long-distance water-borne signal (att

193 earning in an invertebrate, the marine snail Aplysia, involves local, postsynaptic protein synthesis.

194 The AP1 complex in Aplysia is a c-Jun homodimer.

195 f the ecological context of sensitization in Aplysia is completely lacking.

196 eins during long-term facilitation by 5HT in Aplysia is delayed for several hours, suggesting that wh

197 of yeast cells wherein the neuronal CPEB of Aplysia is expressed in the absence of any neuronal fact

198 ts support the idea that long-term memory in Aplysia is maintained via a positive-feedback loop invol

199 litation (LTF) of sensory neuron synapses in Aplysia is produced by either nonassociative or associat

200 terminal fragment (amino acids 1-181) of the Aplysia Kv1.1 channel.

201 Partial inactivation of Aplysia Kv2.1 during repetitive firing produces frequenc

202 In the bag cell neurons of Aplysia, Kv2.1 channels contribute to the repolarization

203 the major inhibitory constraint of memory in Aplysia, leading to enhanced long-term synaptic facilita

204 Fe-CN tilt, decreases at high temperature in Aplysia limacina Mb, indicating a molecular structure th

205 in, ferric cyanide complex of myoglobin from Aplysia limacina to search for intermediates in the unfo

206 In Aplysia, long-term facilitation (LTF) of sensory neuron

207 tein kinase A (PKA) activity correlates with Aplysia LTM, the analysis focuses on a positive feedback

208 ansposon silencing previously encountered in Aplysia may also have potential roles in the mammalian b

209 Three new findings on Aplysia may be relevant for the understanding and treatm

210 ow that the modular feeding motor network of Aplysia mediates variations in protraction duration in b

211 In the soma, apPKG phosphorylates apMAPK (Aplysia mitogen-activated protein kinase), resulting in

212 Importantly, because Aplysia muscle contractions are a graded function of mot

213 ts (E(m)s) at pH 7 in sperm whale myoglobin, Aplysia myoblogin, hemoglobin I, heme oxygenase 1, horse

214 ange from -250 mV in peroxidase to 125 mV in Aplysia myoglobin.

215 We have used Aplysia neuronal cultures to examine the contribution of

216 ctin network structure and dynamics in large Aplysia neuronal growth cones.

217 products and represent 50%-70% of the total Aplysia neuronal transcriptome.

218 a cAMP-binding 105 kDa band in extracts from Aplysia neurons as a putative third class of R subunit o

219 uropeptide releasates collected from several Aplysia neurons cultured in the capillary, with the subs

220 he PD during SHG imaging of stained cultured Aplysia neurons were examined with intracellular electro

221 In addition, Aplysia neurons were used to examine the effects of DOX

222 f Neuron, Lyles et al. show that in cultured Aplysia neurons, clustering of an mRNA at nascent synaps

223 In Aplysia neurons, two classes of PKA (I and II) differing

224 -type specificity of translocation in living Aplysia neurons.

225 Injections of Aplysia neuropeptide Y (apNPY) reduced food intake and s

226 We provide evidence that an Aplysia neuropeptide, identified using an enhanced repre

227 One family of Aplysia neuropeptides is the myomodulins (MMs), original

228 e based on the heterologous expression of an Aplysia octopamine receptor, a G-protein-coupled recepto

229 We cloned Aplysia PARP-1 (ApPARP-1) and determined that its expres

230 We imaged populations of neurons in the Aplysia pedal ganglion during execution of a locomotion

231 tein kinase C (PKC) potentiates secretion in Aplysia peptidergic neurons, in part by inducing new sit

232 ion of PKC via a PDZ domain interaction with Aplysia PICK1.

233 in waterborne protein pheromone detection in Aplysia-possibly via a phosphoinositide signaling mechan

234 In Aplysia, prestimulation of egestive inputs [esophageal n

235 The feeding behavior of Aplysia provides a model system suitable for addressing

236 Feeding behavior of Aplysia provides a useful model system for addressing th

237 stropod molluscs Aplysia fasciata Poiret and Aplysia punctata Cuvier (sea hares), from Portuguese wat

238 zation of the defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia require elevated postsynaptic Ca(2+), postsynapt

239 nderlies dishabituation and sensitization in Aplysia requires local, postsynaptic protein synthesis.

240 tory transmitter released during learning in Aplysia, requires upregulation of kinesin heavy chain (K

241 We have isolated cDNAs encoding Aplysia Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 and found that Rho and Rac h

242 reover, the expression of both the AprpL27a (Aplysia ribosomal protein L27a) and the ApE2N (Aplysia u

243 electrical synapses of identified neurons in Aplysia's central pattern-generating network for feeding

244 u was not detected either in rat brain or in Aplysia's CNS.

245 By imaging Aplysia's pedal ganglion during fictive locomotion, here

246 input to the same postsynaptic neuron in an Aplysia sensorimotor preparation, we found that each for

247 induces long-term facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse [4].

248 -induced long-term facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse depends on enhanced gene ex

249 vity underlies the persistence of LTF of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse, a form of synaptic plastic

250 re, long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) at Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture was used a

251 ined whether long-term facilitation (LTF) of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses in cell culture-a cellular

252 assical conditioning, which was expressed at Aplysia sensorimotor synapses when a tetanic stimulation

253 ndent long-term synaptic depression (LTD) in Aplysia sensorimotor synapses.

254 duced in the monosynaptic connection between Aplysia sensory and motor neurons in dissociated cell cu

255 Cocultures of Aplysia sensory and motor neurons were trained with spac

256 f rodent hippocampal neurons and neurites of Aplysia sensory neurons (SNs) and binds to specific impo

257 intracellular retrograde signal transport in Aplysia sensory neurons and rodent hippocampal neurons.

258 the formation of functional synapses between Aplysia sensory neurons and specific postsynaptic neuron

259 Accordingly, application of 5-HT to Aplysia sensory neurons in the absence of neuronal firin

260 In Aplysia sensory neurons, syntaxin mRNA accumulates at th

261 In isolated Aplysia sensory neurons, which do not form chemical syna

262 or both short- and long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons.

263 hibitor of the Rho family of GTPases, at the Aplysia sensory to motor neuron synapse blocks long-term

264 Whereas short-term (minutes) facilitation at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses is presynaptic, lo

265 In Aplysia sensory-motor neuronal cultures, synapse formati

266 RNA localization and translation in cultured Aplysia sensory-motor neurons revealed that RNAs were de

267 at synapses during long-term facilitation of Aplysia sensory-motor synapses.

268 LTD but not long-term facilitation (LTF) of Aplysia sensory-motor synapses.

269 In Aplysia, serotonergic neurons are widely activated durin

270 ctrophysiological recordings in free-feeding Aplysia showed that as the meal progressed, food elicite

271 ituation in a semi-intact preparation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex.

272 question in a simplified preparation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex.

273 FMRP to inside-out patches containing native Aplysia Slack channels increased channel opening and, in

274 CREB2 from distal neurites to the nucleus of Aplysia SN during phenylalanine-methionine-arginine-phen

275 this work, homomeric AChBPs from Lymnaea and Aplysia snails were used as in situ templates for the ge

276 Here, we cloned two novel Aplysia Src kinases, termed Src1 and Src2, and we show t

277 In Aplysia, stimulation of cerebral-buccal interneuron-2 (C

278 nduction of long-term sensitization (LTS) in Aplysia such that long-term memory formation is signific

279 sistent facilitation induced by serotonin at Aplysia synapses depends upon rapid postsynaptic protein

280 regulation, we cloned the promoter region of Aplysia synapsin, and found that the synapsin promoter c

281 We find that the 3' untranslated region of Aplysia syntaxin mRNA has two targeting elements, the cy

282 In Aplysia, the long-term facilitation (LTF) of sensory neu

283 We have previously shown that, in Aplysia, the ortholog of PKCzeta, PKC Apl III, is cleave

284 In Aplysia, there are two major phorbol ester-activated PKC

285 d the modularly organized feeding network of Aplysia to characterize the organizational principles th

286 ortical neurons and sensory neurons (SNs) of Aplysia to examine the effects of DOX on levels of phosp

287 lysia ribosomal protein L27a) and the ApE2N (Aplysia ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N) mRNAs also inc

288 gregates with A. fasciata aggregations), and Aplysia vaccaria (which aggregates with A. californica a

289 Although YAEFLa in Aplysia was detected only in an all L-form, we found tha

290 log of operant conditioning in neuron B51 of Aplysia, we examined second-messenger pathways engaged b

291 is a substrate for long-term memory (LTM) in Aplysia, we examined the requirement of a secreted TrkB

292 Using this strategy in Aplysia, we have identified 5,657 unique sequences consi

293 -trial training pattern which induces LTM in Aplysia, we show that the first of two training trials r

294 exocytosis of AMPA receptors in learning in Aplysia, we test the effect of injecting botulinum toxin

295 Identified neurons in Aplysia were used to test the hypothesis that either axo

296 This is the case in Aplysia, where prestimulation of CBI-2 inputs not only e

297 tion, we examined whether gill withdrawal in Aplysia, which has already been studied extensively for

298 We find that a critical neural connection in Aplysia, which is modified with different stimuli that m

299 on synapses of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia, which undergoes sensitization, a simple form of

300 have recently been discovered in neurons of Aplysia, with a role in the epigenetic regulation of gen