ライフサイエンスコーパス: BK channel

1 onductance SK channels and large-conductance BK channels).

2 ion permeation gate at the cytosolic side of BK channel.

3 effect of beta4 on kinase modulation of the BK channel.

4 lectively disrupts ethanol modulation of the BK channel.

5 to a well-characterized pore blocker of the BK channel.

6 ncreases calcium-dependent activation of the BK channel.

7 g the pore of heterologously expressed human BK channels.

8 isengagement of the gamma1-F273S mutant from BK channels.

9 blished, little is known about how they open BK channels.

10 y of recombinant and prostate adenocarcinoma BK channels.

11 understand the tissue-specific functions of BK channels.

12 chanisms controls cell surface expression of BK channels.

13 are thought to be ineffective at activating BK channels.

14 unction as LRRC26-type auxiliary subunits of BK channels.

15 s display discrete substrate specificity for BK channels.

16 hydroabietic acid derivative Cym04 activates BK channels.

17 y a small effect on the action of NS-1619 on BK channels.

18 close apposition of ryanodine receptors and BK channels.

19 ls, which in turn are specifically linked to BK channels.

20 uctance, voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels.

21 gy of large conductance calcium-activated K (BK) channels.

22 a(2+)-activated, and voltage dependent K(+) (BK) channels.

23 the activity of Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels.

24 the activity of Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels.

25 In the BK channel, a large C-terminal intracellular region cont

26 an example from fish showing that increased BK channel abundance can improve an individual's ability

27 cortical/medullary collecting duct, whereas BK channel abundance increased in principal cells of the

28 mSlo1 and further developed a model in which BK channels act as a calcium sensor capable of quantitat

29 n mallotoxin and the gamma subunits in their BK channel-activating effects in membrane patches excise

30 oteolysis, leading to the down-regulation of BK channel activation and impaired coronary function in

31 We show that BK channel activation and subsequent phosphorylation of

32 angement allows tight tracking between local BK channel activation and the gating of CaV1.3 channels

33 BK channel activation depends on the interactions among

34 How beta subunits fine-tune BK channel activation is critical to understand the tiss

35 Our study suggests that BK channel activation stimulates the TRPML1-BK positive

36 chanism by which the beta subunits modulated BK channel activation such that a beta subunit may inter

37 lic acid (LCA) dilates cerebral arteries via BK channel activation, which requires recognition by a B

38 on via a fast afterhyperpolarization through BK channel activation.

39 Mallotoxin is a potent small-molecule BK channel activator.

40 for the future development of beta1-specific BK channel activators.

41 llosterically coupled to each other, control BK channel activity and are potential targets for regula

42 We conclude that BK channel activity directly affects vascular tone but i

43 determine the significance of smooth muscle BK channel activity for blood pressure regulation, we in

44 unit surface trafficking controls functional BK channel activity in arterial myocytes and vascular co

45 Rottlerin increased BK channel activity in human ASM cells (V50 shifted by 7

46 dulation, allowing a variety of outcomes for BK channel activity in response to acute alcohol.

47 nockout (dKO) mice to genetically upregulate BK channel activity in the absence of FMRP and determine

48 ice were generated to genetically upregulate BK channel activity in the absence of FMRP.

49 BK channel activity is tightly regulated by its accessor

50 C mice, implying that impaired smooth muscle BK channel activity lowers blood pressure in these anima

51 ur studies thus suggest that upregulation of BK channel activity normalizes multi-level deficits caus

52 Genetic upregulation of BK channel activity via deletion of BKbeta4 normalized a

53 Genetic upregulation of BK channel activity via deletion of BKbeta4 was sufficie

54 onses is, in part, due to METH regulation of BK channel activity.

55 voltage- and Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels (BK channels) after action potentials, and random activat

56 onstrate that systemic administration of the BK channel agonist rottlerin (5 mug/g) during the challe

57 vel large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel agonist that shifts the activation V1/2 of t

58 ysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and whether BK channel agonists rescue abnormal lysosomal storage in

59 arge-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channel alpha and auxiliary beta1 subunits that are

60 m channels), recent findings have shown that BK channels also contribute to inhibition in basal, high

61 Cholesterol modulation of BK channels alters action potential firing, colonic ion

62 role of MuRF1 in the regulation of vascular BK channel and coronary function has not been examined.

63 tion, surface trafficking of beta1 subunits, BK channel and transient BK current activation, and vaso

64 ced reduction of whole cell BK currents, and BK channels and ANG-II receptors were found to co-locali

65 ed in dietary supplements, fails to activate BK channels and antagonizes the stimulatory effect of DH

66 e voltage gating of heterologously expressed BK channels and causes a dramatic increase in the activi

67 flash photolysis of caged Ca(2+) to activate BK channels and determine their intrinsic sensitivity to

68 scillations sufficiently to activate endfoot BK channels and elevate [K(+)](o) in the restricted peri

69 ite to selectively activate beta1-containing BK channels and evoke vasodilation remain unknown.

70 s of CaV1.3 channels surrounding clusters of BK channels and forming a multi-channel complex both in

71 -frequency (apical) OHCs that do not express BK channels and from immature high-frequency OHCs before

72 echanism by which a vasoconstrictor inhibits BK channels and identify Rab11A serine 177 as a modulato

73 mary mechanism by which NO activates myocyte BK channels and induces vasodilation.

74 We induced C-type inactivation in BK channels and studied the relationship between activat

75 ET-1 inhibited single BK channels and transient BK currents in myocytes and st

76 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and Kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium channels

77 ), voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and their modulatory beta-subunits are able

78 alling pathways such as K(+) release through BK channels, and the production and release of arachidon

79 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels, and this effect is mediated through the cA

80 Blocking BK channels with the specific BK channel antagonist paxilline significantly increased

81 eases in mIPSC frequency by either selective BK channel antagonists or ethanol were not accompanied w

82 ltage clamp, and their response to selective BK channel antagonists, channel activators, or ethanol w

83 corded from high-frequency OHCs that express BK channels are briefer than IPSCs recorded from low-fre

84 In the first cluster, T-type Ca(2+) and BK channels are coupled within distances of ~20 nm (200

85 e-conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated Slo1 BK channels are directly activated by nanomolar levels o

86 pendent stimulation by DHA demonstrates that BK channels are effectors of omega-3 fatty acids with ma

87 der high-calorie conditions, suggesting that BK channels are promising drug targets for pharmacothera

88 Because depalmitoylated BK channels are retarded in the trans-Golgi network, rev

89 Our results indicate that BK channels are strongly modulated by activation of spec

90 Slo1 BK channels are thus receptors for long-chain omega-3 fa

91 arge-conductance calcium-activated potassium BK channels are widely expressed in the brain and are in

92 big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel are preferentially expressed by electrosenso

93 Large conductance calcium-activated (BK) channels are broadly expressed in neurons and muscle

94 ance, voltage-, and Ca(2)(+)-dependent K(+) (BK) channels are broadly expressed in various tissues to

95 ctance calcium (Ca)(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels are functionally significant modulators of

96 ce voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are highly expressed in airway smooth muscl

97 ductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels are involved in a large variety of physiolo

98 uctance voltage- and calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channels are key physiological players in muscle, ne

99 ductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels are potent regulators of cellular processes

100 ductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels are well known for their functional versati

101 dependent and calcium-activated K(+) (MaxiK, BK) channels are widely expressed in many tissues and or

102 Furthermore, BK channels as well as purinergic receptors were shown t

103 Silencing BK channel auxiliary beta3 subunit significantly attenua

104 d we designate them as a gamma family of the BK channel auxiliary proteins, which potentially regulat

105 R)-containing membrane protein, LRRC26, as a BK channel auxiliary subunit, which causes an unpreceden

106 Ca(2+)/voltage-gated K(+) large conductance (BK) channel beta1 subunit is particularly abundant in va

107 eted mouse model with global ablation of the BK channel (BK(L1/L1)) and adipocyte-specific BK-deficie

108 r voltage dependence and their response to a BK channel blocker or opener.

109 Furthermore, following bath application of BK channel blockers for 10 min, ethanol failed to furthe

110 Bath application of either BK channel blockers significantly increased the frequenc

111 spike frequency, a mechanism independent of BK channels but dependent on background non-selective co

112 spike frequency, a mechanism independent of BK channels but dependent on background non-selective co

113 In arterial smooth muscle, ANG-II inhibits BK channels, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are

114 iary gamma1-3 subunits potently modulate the BK channel by shifting its voltage-dependence of channel

115 Test the hypothesis that ET-1 inhibits BK channels by altering BKalpha and beta1 surface traffi

116 ominent slow C-type inactivation/recovery in BK channels by an extreme low concentration of extracell

117 gest METH exposure decreased the activity of BK channels by decreasing BK-alpha subunit levels at the

118 veal an all-or-none functional regulation of BK channels by gamma-subunits: channels either exhibit a

119 nd thus may contribute to the suppression of BK channels by mAChRs.

120 rdation protein (FMRP) and that FMRP acts on BK channels by modulating the channel's gating kinetics.

121 We found that METH decreased the activity of BK channels by stimulating BK-alpha subunit trafficking.

122 that selectively activates beta1-containing BK channels by targeting the steroid-sensing site in BK

123 ted large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel by associated gamma1-subunits.

124 We concluded that BK channel C-type inactivation is closed state-dependent

125 However, we found that the BK channel C-type inactivation occurred during hyperpola

126 rface beta1 subunits leads to a reduction in BK channel calcium-sensitivity, inhibition of transient

127 t cations sensed by a large structure in the BK channel called the "gating ring," which is formed by

128 the cells with blockers of either the NSC or BK channels, caused a strong inhibition of the A23187-in

129 rom the trans-Golgi network and thus control BK channel cell surface expression.

130 By measuring gating currents in BK channels coexpressed with chimeras between beta1 and

131 tely 500 nM rapidly and reversibly activates BK channels composed of the pore-forming Slo1 subunit an

132 uctance, calcium- and voltage-activated K(+)(BK) channel consists of the pore-forming alpha subunits

133 Together, these findings indicate that BK channels contribute to postsynaptic function, and inf

134 Therefore, microglia-specific BK channels contribute to the generation of MIH and anti

135 /voltage-gated, large conductance potassium (BK) channels control numerous physiological processes, i

136 ethanol on GABA release and that presynaptic BK channels could serve as a target for ethanol effects

137 The molecular mechanisms of AT1R and BK channel coupling were investigated in co-transfected

138 AL-8810 (FP receptor antagonist)-insensitive BK channel currents with EC(50)s of 0.51 +/- 0.03 nM (n

139 ely 30% identity to APT1, that also controls BK channel depalmitoylation.

140 an BK channel rescued intoxication and other BK channel-dependent behaviors in a slo-1-null mutant ba

141 T352I mutant BK channel selectively rescued BK channel-dependent behaviors while conveying resistanc

142 This mutation did not interfere with other BK channel-dependent behaviors, suggesting that the muta

143 We here identify, for the first time, a BK channel-dependent molecular synaptic mechanism leadin

144 e of the mechanisms responsible for creating BK channel diversity fundamental to the adequate functio

145 We reveal that BK channels do not play a significant role in the genera

146 We reveal that BK channels do not play a significant role in the genera

147 BK-beta(1) degradation and leads to diabetic BK channel dysfunction.

148 ch-clamp recordings confirmed that the human BK channel engineered with the T352I missense mutation w

149 The large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel, expressed abundantly in vascular smooth mus

150 istent with the importance of a reduction in BK channel expression and function in mediating the HF-i

151 ng that NDO is associated with decreased DSM BK channel expression and function leading to increased

152 rect upregulation of ENaC, whereas increased BK channel expression has a less significant role.

153 for BK channels, viral-mediated increases in BK channel expression in SCA1 Purkinje neurons improves

154 uency OHCs before the developmental onset of BK channel expression.

155 SM) large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel expression and function.

156 studies in Xenopus oocytes that co-expressed BK channel-forming (cbv1) and accessory beta1 subunits c

157 e, we demonstrate that cholesterol action on BK channel-forming Cbv1 proteins is mediated by their cy

158 big conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channel forms a physical and functional coupling wit

159 2+)]i Constitutively open mutation prevented BK channels from C-type inactivation.

160 e protein, promotes the trafficking of SLO-1 BK channels from the ER to the plasma membrane by shield

161 ght the importance of not only CFTR but also BK channel function in maintaining ASL homeostasis and e

162 However, BK channel function is impaired in diabetic vessels by i

163 Minimal alterations in BK channel function may contribute to the pathophysiolog

164 a on aldosterone regulation by renal/adrenal BK channel function, BKbeta1(-/-) strain A mice have inc

165 ownregulates CFTR activity but also inhibits BK channel function, thereby causing ASL depletion.

166 n pharmaceutical applications for modulating BK channel function.

167 yer of complexity to the mechanisms by which BK channel functional diversity is generated.

168 that arterial myocytes express a functional BK channel gamma subunit.

169 BK channel openers or BK channel gene transfer could be an alternative strateg

170 Inhibiting Kv2 or BK channels had very different effects on spike shape an

171 ce lacking the pore-forming alpha-subunit of BK channels have longer IPSCs than do the OHCs of BKalph

172 nductance voltage and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel have a key role in the ethanol effect on GPe

173 We record from human BK channels heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells co

174 K channel-specific mechanism in wild-type or BK channel-humanized Caenorhabditis elegans.

175 ermined (i) a basic extracellular map of the BK channel, (ii) beta1-subunit-induced rearrangements of

176 ed role for glucocorticoids in regulation of BK channels in airway epithelial cells.

177 First, we identified BK channels in dopamine neurons by their voltage depende

178 auses a dramatic increase in the activity of BK channels in human smooth muscle cells.

179 We assessed the role of BK channels in modulating the action of ethanol on inhib

180 In summary, we demonstrate a novel role for BK channels in regulating glutamatergic transmission and

181 s leads to the sole activation of microglial BK channels in the spinal cord.

182 Furthermore, positive modulation of BK channels in vivo can enhance short-term habituation.

183 ce calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels in spontaneous and secretagogue-induced act

184 conductance calcium- and voltage-activated (BK) channels in spontaneous and secretagogue-induced act

185 of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels in the nervous system has been extensively

186 BK channel inhibition by PKC, however, was effectively e

187 requency-current (f-I) relationship, whereas BK channel inhibition had little effect on the f-I slope

188 ased sensitivity to iberiotoxin, a selective BK channel inhibitor, in DSM strips isolated from NDO pa

189 n to iberiotoxin and vasodilation to NS1619, BK channel inhibitors and activators, respectively.

190 effect on GPe neurons, as the application of BK channel inhibitors blocked the ethanol-induced firing

191 Site(s) and mechanism(s) of ethanol-BK channel interaction are unknown.

192 The structural bases underlying cholesterol-BK channel interaction are unknown.

193 emains unclear, however, to what extent FMRP-BK channel interactions contribute to synaptic and circu

194 to evoke the observed voltage waveform, the BK channel is functionally redundant whereas hERG is ess

195 CaV-channel dependent activation of BK channels is critical for feedback control of both cal

196 cation of LTB4 as a highly potent ligand for BK channels is critical for the future development of be

197 s of regulatory proteins, beta and gamma, in BK channels is exclusive or independent.

198 Activation of Ca(2+)-dependent BK channels is increased via binding of micromolar Ca(2+

199 One potent activator of BK channels is mallotoxin (MTX), which produces a very l

200 The open probability of BK channels is regulated by the intracellular concentrat

201 ductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel is an important determinant of vascular tone

202 a-specific subtype of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel is responsible for generation of MIH and ant

203 effect on steady-state activation of parotid BK channels, it produced an approximate 2-fold speeding

204 Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (Slo1 or BK) channels (KCNMA1) play key roles in many physiologic

205 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel lacks a classic intracellular bundle-crossin

206 cluding endothelin-1 (ET-1), inhibit myocyte BK channels, leading to contraction, but mechanisms invo

207 BK channels localize in the cilia of surface cells.

208 lower blood pressure by activating vascular BK channels made of Slo1+beta1 subunits.

209 ke repolarization and a persistently reduced BK channel mediated afterhyperpolarization (AHP), repeti

210 st step for designing agents that antagonize BK channel-mediated alcohol actions without perturbing b

211 r) reduced atrogin-1 expression and restored BK channel-mediated coronary vasodilation in diabetic mi

212 While METH suppressed the amplitude of BK channel-mediated unitary currents, the BK channel ope

213 s reduced BK-beta1 expression and diminished BK channel-mediated vasodilation.

214 activities preserved BK-beta1 expression and BK-channel-mediated coronary vasodilation in diabetic mi

215 idence from previous studies indicating that BK channels might play a critical role in habituation.

216 ogether, these results suggest that blocking BK channels mimics the effects of ethanol on GABA releas

217 These findings demonstrate that BK channels modulate visual responses in vivo at the bip

218 it effectively interferes with mallotoxin on BK channel modulation via either a direct steric competi

219 M samples from NDO patients showed decreased BK channel mRNA expression in comparison to controls.

220 Functionally, blockade of nuclear BK channels (nBK channels) induces NE-derived Ca(2+) rel

221 ild-type mice but are profoundly impaired in BK channel-null mice.

222 tance, calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) on the NE of rodent hippocampal neurons.

223 d BK channel open probability via increasing BK channel open frequency, but not through prolonging it

224 Ethanol also increased BK channel open probability measured in single-channel r

225 on of the BKbeta4 subunit alleviated reduced BK channel open probability via increasing BK channel op

226 nel analyses revealed that FMRP loss reduced BK channel open probability, and this defect was compens

227 alcohol increases both alpha and alphabeta4 BK channel open probability, but only alpha BK develops

228 at large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channel open probability was reduced by loss of frag

229 Addition of the BK channel opener NS11021 directly activated channels in

230 of BK channel-mediated unitary currents, the BK channel opener NS1619 attenuated the effects of METH

231 BK channel openers or BK channel gene transfer could be

232 l trials are needed to evaluate the value of BK channel opening drugs or gene therapies for NDO treat

233 ndent constitutive openness, we propose that BK channel opening involves structural rearrangement of

234 stinct sites, voltage sensor activation, and BK channel opening.

235 Thus, a potent BK channel peptide modulator is open to neurological app

236 de convincing evidence for a crucial role of BK channel phosphorylation in synaptic depression underl

237 In the retina, it has been shown that BK channels play a pivotal role in modulating feedback f

238 Angiotensin II (ANG-II) and BK channels play important roles in the regulation of bl

239 ce calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels play an important role in generating functi

240 uctance, Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent K(+) (BK) channels play an important role in this process.

241 molecular events downstream of cGMP involve BK channels present in cardiomyocytes or in other cardia

242 conductance, Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated K(+) (BK) channel proteins are ubiquitously expressed in cell

243 ductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels provide a critical vasodilatory influence.

244 ate that IP(3)-mediated activation of SK and BK channels provides a robust mechanism for glutamatergi

245 Voltage- and calcium-dependent BK channels regulate calcium-dependent cellular events s

246 BK channel regulation by direct interaction between lipi

247 Blocking BK channels relieves voltage-dependent magnesium block o

248 Drugs targeting BK channel represent a potential therapeutic approach fo

249 n of wild-type versions of the worm or human BK channel rescued intoxication and other BK channel-dep

250 We hypothesized that the BK channel's activation gate may spatially overlap or co

251 the selectivity filter, we propose that the BK channel's normal closing may represent an early confo

252 cesses this site in presence of calcium, the BK channel's physiological agonist.

253 by BK channels via interaction of FMRP with BK channel's regulatory beta4 subunits.

254 55, and LRRC38 produce a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage dependence of activation in the hyp

255 worm T381I or equivalent human T352I mutant BK channel selectively rescued BK channel-dependent beha

256 nce voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (Slo1 BK) channels serve numerous cellular functions, and thei

257 ent kinetic properties, with fast-activating BK channels serving to short-circuit activation of Kv2 c

258 does not alter the expression of either the BK channel SLO-1 or the Shaker type potassium channel SH

259 bditis elegans, mutations that eliminate the BK channel, SLO-1, convey dramatic resistance to intoxic

260 LS3 suppresses locomotor activity via a BK channel-specific mechanism in wild-type or BK channel

261 th large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channels, specifically their auxiliary beta4 subunit

262 channels were co-expressed in the same cell, BK channels started activating near -50 mV, 30 mV more

263 0 mM) modify Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated K(+) (BK) channel steady-state activity, eventually altering b

264 tor for measurements of distances within the BK channel structure in a living cell.

265 y blockade of either SK or BK channels, with BK channels supporting faster synaptic waveforms and SK

266 canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates BK channel surface expression in a protein synthesis-dep

267 Here we report a novel BK channel-targeted peptide with functional activity in

268 d the pial cerebral arterioles via selective BK-channel targeting.

269 second cluster consists of L-type Ca(2+) and BK channels that are spread over distances of at least 6

270 ction for FMRP as a regulator of presynaptic BK channels that modulate the dynamics of neurotransmitt

271 big-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels that form physical and functional coupling

272 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels that modulate AP width.

273 subunit of the calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel; this interaction increases calcium-dependen

274 results strongly suggest that AT1R regulates BK channels through a close protein-protein interaction

275 beta4-subunit controls surface expression of BK channels through masking of a trafficking motif in th

276 rmining their phenotype, BK beta1 allows the BK channels to reduce myogenic tone, facilitating vasodi

277 late the multisubunit composition of surface BK channels to stimulate contraction is unclear.

278 Pharmacological manipulations targeting BK channels, together with measures of BK transcript abu

279 affinity is higher than known high affinity BK channel toxins.

280 Our study thus indicates that the control of BK channel trafficking is a critical regulatory mechanis

281 and large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels (U251 cells), resulted in time-dependent in

282 ge-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels underlie a primary outward current having a

283 BK channel upregulation was also sufficient to correct e

284 resent the external architectural details of BK channels using lanthanide-based resonance energy tran

285 independent and are mediated selectively by BK channels via interaction of FMRP with BK channel's re

286 is drug selectively targets beta1-containing BK channels via the BK beta1 steroid-sensing site.

287 Supporting a critical role for BK channels, viral-mediated increases in BK channel expr

288 down did not alter Ca(2+) sparks but reduced BK channel voltage sensitivity, which decreased channel

289 that the sole AT1R expression could decrease BK channel voltage sensitivity.

290 n of the Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channel was identified in morbidly obese men carryin

291 gly inhibited the ability of MTX to activate BK channels, we found that it had only a small effect on

292 conformational changes in BK-type potassium (BK) channels, we examined consequences of Cd(2+) coordin

293 iated by large conductance, Ca(2+)-activated BK channels, were reduced by nearly 80% (P<0.01) and 25%

294 ational changes of the gating-ring region of BK channels, while simultaneously monitoring channel con

295 Here we examined the action of DHA on BK channels with different auxiliary subunit composition

296 e in a BK complex therefore allow a range of BK channels with distinct functional properties tuned by

297 plitude of eIPSCs, whereas the activation of BK channels with the channel opener NS1619 reversibly at

298 Blocking BK channels with the specific BK channel antagonist paxi

299 OHCs is altered by blockade of either SK or BK channels, with BK channels supporting faster synaptic

300 sites resulted in constitutively open mutant BK channels, with high open probability at negative volt