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   1  expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).                                                 
     2 exed with conventional plasmid DNA (encoding BMP-2).                                                 
     3 pendent transcription of CSF-1, osterix, and BMP-2.                                                  
     4 ls display directed migration in response to BMP-2.                                                  
     5 of multinucleated osteoclasts in response to BMP-2.                                                  
     6 lates phosphorylation of Smad in response to BMP-2.                                                  
     7 of GATA-6, and this is reversed by exogenous BMP-2.                                                  
     8 9 in the manner that Alk3 is positioned onto BMP-2.                                                  
     9 in calcifying vascular cells, as mediated by BMP-2.                                                  
    10  a phenomenon that could be fully rescued by BMP-2.                                                  
    11 action only between the collagen IIa vWC and BMP-2.                                                  
    12 and mimicked by stimulation with recombinant BMP-2.                                                  
    13 e 1 (ALK1) and ALK5 downstream TGF-beta1 and BMP-2.                                                  
    14 y for motility in response to S100A4/Mts1 or BMP-2.                                                  
    15  interaction and the interaction of HJV with BMP-2.                                                  
    16 ation marker of odontoblasts is regulated by BMP-2.                                                  
    17 ralisation beyond the current gold-standard, BMP-2.                                                  
    18 osphatase, type I collagen, osteopontin, and BMP-2.                                                  
    19 at was dependent on the presence of Wnt3a or BMP-2.                                                  
    20  and BMP-7, but not the frog Cerberus ligand BMP-2.                                                  
    21 tro by periosteal cells treated with Ihh and BMP-2.                                                  
    22 al in treated animals that was equivalent to BMP-2.                                                  
    23 METHODS AND Both S100A4/Mts1 (500 ng/mL) and BMP-2 (10 ng/mL) induce migration of hPASMCs in a novel 
    24 ked in saline, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2; 200 ng), 1 muM CGS21680 (A2AR agonist, EC50 = 160
    25 a-binding proteins and between prodomains of BMP-2, -4, -7, and -10 and GDF-5 and fibrillins, raising
    26 affinity docking site for the propeptides of BMP-2, -4, -7, and -10 and GDF-5, but not GDF-8, and loc
    27 e I receptor Alk1, but not other Alks, while BMP-2, -4, and -7 bind and signal through Alk3, and the 
  
  
  
  
  
    33 A greater reliance on BMPR2 was observed for BMP-2/4 relative to BMP-6/7, whereas ACVR2A was more cri
    34 MPR1A and ACVR1A expression, suggesting that BMP-2/4 signal in part through ACVR1A/BMPR1A heterodimer
  
  
    37 ese results suggest different mechanisms for BMP-2/4- and BMP-6/7-induced osteoblastic differentiatio
    38 main of TSP-1 is likely responsible for this BMP-2/4-binding activity, an assertion based on sequence
  
    40  we identified for the first time TSP-1 as a BMP-2/-4 antagonist and presented a structural basis for
  
    42 rkedly enhanced bone regeneration as well as BMP-2 8 wk after surgery (60 +/- 2%, 79 +/- 2%, and 75 +
    43 ECFCs produced bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a potent osteoinductive molecule, and increases 
    44 ffold alone and as much bone regeneration as BMP-2, a growth factor currently used to promote bone re
    45 cocultures that were stimulated with EMD and BMP-2 achieved significantly higher levels of these fact
    46  rats, it was shown that PEI-cmRNA (encoding BMP-2)-activated matrices promoted significantly enhance
  
    48  we found a novel signaling pathway in which BMP-2 activates Dspp gene transcription via Dlx3/Osx pat
  
    50 s containing lyophilized adenovirus encoding BMP-2 (AdBMP-2) or freely suspended AdBMP-2 were transpl
  
    52 vested from C57/BL6 mice, transfected with a BMP-2 adenovirus, seeded on collagen scaffolds (ossicles
  
    54   However, in vitro studies demonstrate that BMP-2 alone does not influence blastema cell migration, 
    55 BMPR1A and ligation of the BMP receptor with BMP-2 also activated GTP-Rho A of these SMCs, while DN B
    56  3-kinase/Akt signaling acting downstream of BMP-2 also drives NFATc1 expression and transcriptional 
  
    58 firmed that recombinant human TSP-1 can bind BMP-2 and -4 and antagonize their effects on C3H10T1/2 c
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    66 urvival by regulating endoderm expression of BMP-2 and BM during embryonic epithelial morphogenesis. 
    67 pattern, we examined the functional roles of BMP-2 and BMP signaling in post-EMT valvulogenesis by us
  
  
    70    Increased glucose augmented expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4; the BMP inhibitors matrix Gla protein (
    71 K cells express type I and II BMP receptors, BMP-2 and BMP-6 ligands, and phosphorylated isoforms of 
  
    73  known high affinity ActRIIB ligand, whereas BMP-2 and BMP-7 affinities for ActRIIB are at least 100-
    74 ne residue at the corresponding positions of BMP-2 and BMP-7 allowed for molecular engineering of rec
    75 ity of these vWC domains to directly bind to BMP-2 and detected an interaction only between the colla
  
    77 onstructs - (1) Lv-BMP/GFP, containing human BMP-2 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (BMP grou
  
    79  Thus, the proteolysis and activation of pro-BMP-2 and mature BMP-2 by FSAP can regulate cell differe
  
  
  
  
    84 pids inhibit osteogenic signaling induced by BMP-2 and PTH, raising the possibility that hyperlipidem
    85 els stimulates new bone formation as well as BMP-2 and represents a novel approach to stimulating bon
  
    87  allowed us to conclude that all, except for BMP-2 and the short BMP-4 propeptides, formed complexes 
  
    89  conclusion, Nov binds BMP-2 and antagonizes BMP-2 and Wnt activity, and its overexpression inhibits 
  
    91  expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and the transcription factor RUNX2, which normall
    92 1 (TGFbeta-1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and BMP-6 were measured by real-time RT-PCR, and
  
  
    95 lume, expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2, BMP-2, and ColI), bone formation rate (BFR), and mineral
    96 of BMSCs of wild-type and Bag-1(+/-) mice to BMP-2, and promoted robust BMP-2-stimulated osteogenic d
  
  
    99 ctor runx2, neither warfarin, BMP-2, nor the BMP-2 antagonist noggin altered runx2 mRNA content in ao
  
  
   102 ical PC cleavage site, giving rise to mature BMP-2 (Arg(282) downward arrowGln(283)), as well as in t
  
   104 P enhances the biological activity of mature BMP-2 as well as its pro-form, as shown by osteogenic di
   105 ding proinflammatory TGFbeta1 and osteogenic BMP-2, as well as glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sul
   106 , we identified the requirements of c-Abl in BMP-2 autoregulation and the expressions of alkaline pho
   107 h in turn would influence the amount of free BMP-2 available for binding to its receptors and trigger
  
  
   110 n of these results with complex formation by BMP-2, BMP-4 (full-length and shortened propeptides), BM
  
   112 tudy was to evaluate receptor utilization by BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, and BMP-7 in primary human mesenchy
   113 iple members of the BMP subfamily, including BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7, and GDF-5, with similar kinetics an
  
  
  
  
   118 ctively, whereas only one of six mice of the BMP-2/BMSC combination showed evidence of metastatic spr
  
  
   121 n of the periostin promoter, were induced by BMP-2 but repressed by noggin in cushion mesenchymal cel
   122 lysis and activation of pro-BMP-2 and mature BMP-2 by FSAP can regulate cell differentiation and calc
   123 e explored the physiological presentation of BMP-2 by using a biomaterial that harbors tunable mechan
   124 enesis, there is evidence that high doses of BMP-2 can lead to side effects, including inflammation a
   125 ins of two proteins thought to interact with BMP-2: collagen IIA and matricellular protein CCN3.     
   126 crog (optimal) or 0.1 microg (suboptimal) of BMP-2 combined with 0, 2, 4, or 8 microg of GST-BGN.    
  
   128  modified ribonucleic acid (cmRNA) (encoding BMP-2) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) and made co
   129 adigm in which bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) consecutively and interdependently activates the 
  
  
   132 uronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel was used for BMP-2 delivery to evaluate the influence of hydrogel deg
  
  
   135 P-2, while genes with roles in inhibition of BMP-2-directed osteoblastogenesis were significantly upr
   136 nificant downregulation of E2/ER-facilitated BMP-2-directed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.     
   137  present study, bone morphogenetic protein-2/BMP-2-directed osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow
   138 pression profiling and identified miR-322, a BMP-2-down-regulated miRNA, as a regulator of osteoblast
  
   140 t-transcriptional silencing of TFII-I during BMP-2-driven osteoblast differentiation in the C2C12 cel
   141    MGP inhibits calcification independent of BMP-2-driven osteogenesis and only in the absence of pyr
  
  
  
  
  
  
   148  The roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in oxLDL-induced BMP-2 expression were determined by pretreatment with ne
   149   Inhibition of NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 reduced BMP-2 expression whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK had no e
   150 influence cell proliferation, down-regulated BMP-2 expression, and showed no effect on BMP receptor t
   151 e receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in oxLDL-induced BMP-2 expression, and the signaling pathways involved.  
  
  
  
   155 derived BGN on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) function, which is exerted likely via the BGN cor
   156 n osteoblasts and is a powerful activator of BMP-2 gene expression, which is required in turn for nor
   157  inhibition of microtubule assembly enhances BMP-2 gene transcription and subsequent bone formation, 
  
   159  N-terminal heparin binding region of mature BMP-2, generating a truncated mature BMP-2 peptide (Arg(
  
  
   162 d that upon treatment with recombinant human BMP 2 in high-density micromass culture, mutant disc cel
  
  
   165 ls containing significantly reduced doses of BMP-2 in combination with physiologically relevant doses
   166 BAY, and p65 siRNA reduced the expression of BMP-2 in cultured growth plate chondrocytes, the overexp
   167 ese data show a role of NFATc1 downstream of BMP-2 in mouse bone development and provide novel eviden
   168 known to be critical for AV EMT, the role of BMP-2 in post-EMT AV valvulogenesis remains to be elucid
  
  
   171 factor (LIF) and bone-morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced mouse ES cell (mES-D3 line) differentiati
   172 rkC suppresses bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-induced Smad1 phosphorylation and transcriptional
  
   174 98059 reversed ox-PAPC inhibitory effects on BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin
   175 her OP3-4, a RANKL-binding peptide, promotes BMP-2-induced bone formation in the murine maxilla using
   176 of OP3-4 by subperiosteal injection promoted BMP-2-induced bone formation, which could lead to the de
  
   178 ase inhibitor GW4869, significantly enhanced BMP-2-induced differentiation and maturation of chondroc
  
   180 ure, GW4869 treatment significantly promoted BMP-2-induced hypertrophic maturation and calcification 
   181 sitol 3-kinase/Akt, and Ca(2+) signaling for BMP-2-induced NFATc1 expression through an autoregulator
  
   183 contrast, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) suppressed BMP-2-induced osteoblast progenitor commitment and diffe
  
  
  
   187  alphavbeta3 integrin is required to mediate BMP-2-induced Smad signaling through a Cdc42-Src-FAK-ILK
   188 small interfering RNA significantly enhanced BMP-2-induced Smad1 phosphorylation and restored BMP-2 g
  
  
  
   192 he mutation of the heparin binding region of BMP-2 inhibited the processing by FSAP but not by PC.   
  
  
  
  
   197 lyzed in comparison to the carrier-injected, BMP-2-injected, and control-peptide-BMP-2-injected group
  
  
  
  
  
  
   204 d NFATc1, we analyzed bones from OB-specific BMP-2 knock-out mice for NFATc1 expression by immunohist
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   212 tic knockout of Akt2, did not interfere with BMP-2-mediated signaling but resulted in inhibition of o
   213  in response to injury, factors that subvert BMP-2-mediated tandem activation of Wnt-betaC and Wnt-PC
   214 thout activating RhoA-Rac1 not only prevents BMP-2-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell motility but 
  
  
  
   218 ranscription factor runx2, neither warfarin, BMP-2, nor the BMP-2 antagonist noggin altered runx2 mRN
  
   220  calvarial defect model when transduced with BMP 2 or 4; however, the contribution of the donor cells
   221 it tip regeneration, and that treatment with BMP-2 or -7 induces a regenerative response following am
  
  
   224 zed two kinds of plasmid DNA encoding either BMP-2 or FGF-2 formulated into polyethylenimine (PEI) co
   225 Our studies demonstrate how a single ligand (BMP-2 or S100A4/Mts1) can recruit multiple cell surface 
   226  is regulated by numerous factors, including BMP-2, parathyroid hormone, and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitam
  
  
  
  
   231 plantation of lentivirus-GFP-transduced, LIF+BMP-2 precommitted mES cells, improved post-MI left vent
   232 e complex of crossveinless-2 (CV-2) vWC1 and BMP-2 previously revealed one mode of the vWC/BMP-bindin
  
   234 e of MSCs with ECFCs transduced to knockdown BMP-2 production abrogated the osteogenic response to le
   235 atical model, where mechanical regulation of BMP-2 production mediates rates of cellular proliferatio
  
  
   238 we show that overexpression of Gli2 enhances BMP-2 promoter activity and mRNA expression in osteoblas
  
   240  oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on BMP-2 protein expression in human coronary artery endoth
   241    Stimulation with oxLDL increased cellular BMP-2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner (40-160 
   242 very of active bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein to responsive target cells, such as bone 
   243 gulates a multistep process to control first BMP-2 receptor activity and second the inhibitory role o
   244 MMP-1 and -8), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RAN
  
  
  
   248 tly, two hydrogel formulations with distinct BMP-2 release profiles were evaluated in a critical-size
   249 lls from BMP group showed >1,000-fold higher BMP-2 release, and the majority of them stained intensel
   250  such side effects by reducing the amount of BMP-2 required to obtain a sufficient amount of bone.   
  
   252 tant role for TLR2 and TLR4 in mediating the BMP-2 response to oxLDL in human CAECs and indicate that
  
   254 rate that overexpression of miR-322 enhances BMP-2 response, increasing the expression of Osx and oth
   255 observed in the complex between CV-2 vWC and BMP-2, revealing an alternative mode of interaction betw
  
   257 e coupled with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), an
  
   259 showed that inhibitory effects of ox-PAPC on BMP-2 signaling were associated with inhibition of SMAD 
   260 1, a well established downstream molecule of BMP-2 signaling, as a putative target of miR-199a(*).   
  
  
  
  
   265  for TbetaRIII function, we demonstrate that BMP-2 specifically stimulates TbetaRIII-mediated epithel
   266 f-2, Fgf-18, and bone morphogenic protein 2 (Bmp-2)] still were present in Fgf-9(+/-) mice, they coul
   267  In the present investigation, we found that BMP-2 stimulated expression and nuclear translocation of
  
  
   270  peptide, an inhibitor of NFATc1, suppressed BMP-2-stimulated NFATc1 transcription, confirming its au
  
   272 ag-1(+/-) mice to BMP-2, and promoted robust BMP-2-stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.   
   273 inhibition of c-Abl significantly suppressed BMP-2-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity and its downstream
  
   275 pertrophic chondrocytes led to inhibition of Bmp-2-stimulated, BMP-responsive element-dependent Col X
  
   277 new chemical entities (NCEs) that have shown BMP-2 stimulation and osteoblast differentiation are rep
  
   279 l and MC3T3 osteoblastic cells increased the BMP-2 stimulatory effect on alkaline phosphatase activit
  
  
   282 way, since this pathway is known to regulate BMP-2 transcription in osteoblasts and microtubules have
  
  
  
  
   287  in four of four mice bearing scaffolds with BMP-2 treatment and with BMSC treatment, respectively, w
   288 n of common cardiogenic factors, Nkx-2.5 and Bmp-2, until HH Stage 10, when a tubular heart has forme
  
  
  
  
   293     N-terminal sequencing indicated that pro-BMP-2 was cleaved by FSAP at the canonical PC cleavage s
  
  
   296 ded with simvastatin (pro or active drug) or BMP-2, we have demonstrated osteogenic differentiation w
  
   298 ltures of Bag-1(+/-) BMSCs supplemented with BMP-2, while genes with roles in inhibition of BMP-2-dir
   299 ll interference RNA (siRNA) or antagonism of BMP-2 with noggin prevented matrix mineralization in vit
   300 -2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) work synergistically to encourage osteogenesis in
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