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1                                              BOS also directly affects the mental health and physical
2                                              BOS also directly affects the mental health and physical
3                                              BOS and normal lung tissues were assessed for HA localiz
4                                              BOS could be treated by eliminating production of interl
5                                              BOS has a 5-year prevalence of approximately 45% and is
6                                              BOS is associated with increased cytotoxic/pro-inflammat
7                                              BOS is associated with increased cytotoxic/proinflammato
8                                              BOS is associated with many deleterious consequences, in
9                                              BOS LR-MSCs also demonstrated resistance to the inhibito
10                                              BOS+ patients revealed increased development of HLA clas
11                                              BOS, but especially RAS patients, experienced more frequ
12                                              BOS-free survival in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis w
13  (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome level 0 [BOS 0]), early CLAD (BOS 0p), and late-stage CLAD (BOS 1
14  LVs per bronchiole: with infiltrates, 5.00 (BOS), 9.00 (RAS), 4.00 (control), P = 0.62; without infi
15 rom 35 LTx recipients (n = 22 stable, n = 13 BOS) and healthy controls (n = 25) were cultured as prim
16  vs high LVD: 38.5 vs 86.0 months, P = 0.15 [BOS]; 60.5 vs 69.5 months, P = 0.80 [RAS]).
17  BOS, and 8 stable pediatric LTxR, 16 AR, 17 BOS, and 16 stable adult LTxR were included for validati
18 lpha, and IL-2R were serially analyzed in 31 BOS+ and matched 31 BOS- patients using quantitative mul
19  serially analyzed in 31 BOS+ and matched 31 BOS- patients using quantitative multiplex bead immunoas
20 activating factor (BAFF) in 136 patients (46 BOS, 41 no cGVHD, 49 cutaneous cGVHD) to define novel bi
21 ontrol), P = 0.62; without infiltrates, 4.5 (BOS), 0.00 (RAS), 4.56 (control), P = 0.74).
22                         In addition, 6 AR, 7 BOS, and 8 stable pediatric LTxR, 16 AR, 17 BOS, and 16
23  (median number of LVs per bronchiole: 4.75 (BOS), 6.47 (RAS), 4.25 (control), P = 0.97).
24 ft seems to have a protective effect against BOS, whereas de novo acquisition of microbial population
25 n sCD30 levels during BOS development in all BOS+ patients, compared to BOS- (mean 139.8+/-10.7 vs. 1
26 (MCs) derived from fibrotic lung allografts (BOS MCs) demonstrated constitutive nuclear beta-catenin
27 wer in patients in the BOS 0p (P = .025) and BOS 1-3 groups (P = .003) than it was in the patients wi
28 re prevalent in subjects in BOS stage 0p and BOS stages 1-3 at the time of biopsy.
29  potential noninvasive biomarkers for AR and BOS after pediatric LTx.
30 s) that associate with development of AR and BOS in pediatric lung transplant recipients (LTxR).
31 irculating miRNAs occurs in LTxR with AR and BOS, suggesting that they can provide not only important
32 elated with increased GC B cells, cGVHD, and BOS.
33 f endobronchial lymphocytic inflammation and BOS may have mechanistic implications.
34  a marker of type I alveolar cell injury and BOS.
35              Diagnostic criteria for IPS and BOS have been established, although optimal treatment st
36 depletion, B cells remained in the lung, and BOS was not reversed.
37  transplant recipients with good outcome and BOS using a multiplex immunoassay.
38 h of associations between BAL parameters and BOS in order to provide a comprehensive and systematic a
39 n 1 second were identified and classified as BOS or RAS.
40 phocytic bronchiolitis were compared between BOS, RAS, and stable patients.
41 lls, in lung transplant recipients with BOS, BOS-free patients and in donor controls.
42 ously active and inhibited preferentially by BOS, suggesting that area X disinhibits dopaminergic neu
43 erans syndrome level 0 [BOS 0]), early CLAD (BOS 0p), and late-stage CLAD (BOS 1-3).
44 ), early CLAD (BOS 0p), and late-stage CLAD (BOS 1-3).
45  selectivity for the originally crystallized BOS after exposure to distorted feedback and during decr
46 sis of National Institutes of Health-defined BOS diagnosed a median of 11 mo after HCT.
47 ns were significantly more likely to develop BOS than those who cleared these antibodies.
48 ey were significantly less likely to develop BOS than those who had persistent antibodies.
49 fidence interval, 4%-21%]), and 20 developed BOS (32%, [95% confidence interval, 21%-45%]).
50 ansplant recipients who eventually developed BOS.
51               Sixty (57%) subjects developed BOS.
52 red with patients who subsequently developed BOS, consistently had a significantly increased percenta
53 sized that patients who ultimately developed BOS would have elevations in these chemokines before los
54 y after transplantation in LTR who developed BOS (P=0.015).
55 rker for HCT patients at risk for developing BOS at an early stage and could allow improvement of pat
56 ecipients from those subsequently developing BOS within the first 2 years posttransplantation.
57                Patients with newly diagnosed BOS had significantly higher percentages of CD19(+)CD21(
58  cutoff point >9% was optimal for diagnosing BOS in patients with first drop of pulmonary function te
59  miR-144, and miR-155 strongly discriminated BOS from stable LTxR (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).
60 ity to interrogate the lung allograft during BOS development and identify potential disease mechanism
61 in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during BOS.
62 old decline in IL-10 levels was found during BOS development.
63 significant elevation in sCD30 levels during BOS development in all BOS+ patients, compared to BOS- (
64 sinophilia were randomized to receive either BOS 2 mg or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks.
65 it clear that some patients with established BOS might in fact benefit from such therapy due to its v
66 0, are elevated in patients with established BOS.
67  lung recipients with or without established BOS.
68                                          For BOS and BOOP in particular, therapy has been based upon
69                                          For BOS vs placebo, change in DSQ score was -14.3 vs -7.5 (P
70  endobronchial biopsies as a risk factor for BOS and mortality.
71  rejection was a significant risk factor for BOS stages 1 and 2, but not stage 3 or death, in the uni
72 n FEV1) resulted in even greater hazards for BOS and death.
73      The probability of testing positive for BOS 0-p FEV(1) in patients with BOS (sensitivity) was 71
74 es for the screening of early predictors for BOS.
75 3%) and significantly increased the risk for BOS (p < 0.0001, HR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.3-4.6) and death (p
76 test, are subsequently at increased risk for BOS and worse overall survival.
77 tification of patients at increased risk for BOS.
78  prospectively identify patients at risk for BOS.
79                   Few prospective trials for BOS have been performed, with current therapy based on o
80 plant (state 1) to death (state 3), and from BOS (state 2) to death (state 3).
81                                 Freedom from BOS was significantly shorter in those patients without
82                 Sera collected serially from BOS+ (n = 20) and matched BOS- (n = 20) lung transplant
83                              Transition from BOS to death was affected by the length of time in state
84                                 Furthermore, BOS LR-MSCs were found to be defective in their ability
85 ring from chronic rejection, of which 79 had BOS and 24 were diagnosed with RAS.
86                                           In BOS, persistent alloimmune injury and chronic airway inf
87  and lymphocytic bronchiolitis (P=0.0006) in BOS and RAS versus control.
88 ytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 in BOS+ patients, compared to BOS- and normal subjects.
89 f metalloproteinases (TIMPs), is abnormal in BOS.
90 ls were found in the small distal airways in BOS compared with stable patients and controls.
91 ls were found in the small distal airways in BOS compared with stable patients and controls.
92 tes target the small and/or large airways in BOS.
93 tes target the small and/or large airways in BOS.
94 se the knowledge gained from BAL analyses in BOS through increased sample sizes, covariant adjustment
95 h infection and pseudomonal colonizations in BOS and RAS compared with control (P=0.0090 and P=0.0034
96  to leverage analysis of BAL constituents in BOS may offer great potential to provide additional in-d
97 dy was underpowered to prove a difference in BOS-free survival.
98 proline-glycine-proline (PGP) is elevated in BOS patient bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.
99 thase enzymes were significantly elevated in BOS versus normal lung tissues and both lavage fluid and
100 as of intraluminal small airways fibrosis in BOS lung tissue.
101 contribute to the development of fibrosis in BOS.
102 m these lymphocyte subsets was also found in BOS.
103 m these lymphocyte subsets was also found in BOS.
104 ls of TIMP-bound MMP-8 and -9 were higher in BOS than in good outcome recipients, suggesting activity
105 ls of TIMP-bound MMP-8 and -9 were higher in BOS.
106 x and demonstrated a significant increase in BOS development (47% vs. 14%).
107 , -8, and -9 were significantly increased in BOS compared to good outcome recipients.
108                          BAL neutrophilia in BOS and RAS were elevated at days 360, 540, and 720 vers
109                           Silencing NFAT1 in BOS MCs suppressed ATX expression, and sustained overexp
110 nts, whereas no active MMPs were observed in BOS recipients.
111  neutrophil chemoattractant capacity seen in BOS BAL fluid.
112 bronchitis was more prevalent in subjects in BOS stage 0p and BOS stages 1-3 at the time of biopsy.
113 oids remain the backbone of therapy for IPS, BOS, and BOOP, TNF inhibition may augment management of
114       In this study we demonstrate that many BOS(+) patients (12 of 36) develop Abs reactive to epith
115             Due to lack of specific markers, BOS is diagnosed clinically.
116 cted serially from BOS+ (n = 20) and matched BOS- (n = 20) lung transplant (LT) patients were analyze
117 irway allograft matrix deposition and murine BOS, by a mechanism that was independent of IL-4.
118  which resulted in the attenuation of murine BOS.
119 in A had profound effects on reducing murine BOS.
120 litis obliterans syndrome [BOS]-neutrophilic BOS-restrictive allograft syndrome [RAS]) have been iden
121 m non-neutrophilic BOS, 17 from neutrophilic BOS, and 20 from RAS using classic enzyme-linked immunos
122  % neutrophils were elevated in neutrophilic BOS and RAS compared to stable and non-neutrophilic BOS
123  compared to stable, whereas in neutrophilic BOS IL-1beta (P<0.001), IL-1Ralpha (P<0.01), IL-7 (P<0.0
124 ect any differences between non-neutrophilic BOS and stable patients.
125  RAS compared to stable and non-neutrophilic BOS patients, whereas also the % eosinophils was elevate
126  20 patients suffering from non-neutrophilic BOS, 17 from neutrophilic BOS, and 20 from RAS using cla
127 OS secreted significantly less PGE2 than non-BOS LR-MSCs.
128 ha-SMA and collagen I when compared with non-BOS controls, consistent with a stable in vivo fibrotic
129 ater development not only of RAS but also of BOS.
130                        To raise awareness of BOS, the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC) de
131 als and diminish the harmful consequences of BOS, both for critical care health-care professionals an
132 als and diminish the harmful consequences of BOS, both for critical care healthcare professionals and
133 ence, causative factors, and consequences of BOS.
134 trated a significantly faster development of BOS (P=0.005) compared with patients with no virus detec
135 und to be associated with the development of BOS and allograft fibrosis after lung transplantation.
136 x was associated with earlier development of BOS and may have negative impact on outcome after double
137 eholders to help mitigate the development of BOS in critical care health-care professionals and dimin
138 eholders to help mitigate the development of BOS in critical care healthcare professionals and dimini
139           We demonstrate that development of BOS is associated with increased levels of TIMP-1 and -2
140                           The development of BOS is related to an imbalance of personal characteristi
141 ty did not impact the time to development of BOS or RAS in lung transplantation (low vs high LVD: 38.
142                               Development of BOS was dependent upon T cells expressing the chemokine
143  strongly associated with the development of BOS within 2 years of transplant (23.4% vs. 7.7% in thos
144 und to be associated with the development of BOS, but these studies need to be replicated in independ
145 ified as risk factors for the development of BOS, it is unclear whether large-airway lymphocytic infl
146 injury appears central to the development of BOS, little is known regarding the specific epithelial c
147 eriod are associated with the development of BOS.
148 important risk factor for the development of BOS.
149 e results with the subsequent development of BOS.
150  infection, contribute to the development of BOS.
151  genetic polymorphisms in the development of BOS.
152 idual variability seen in the development of BOS.
153 ssociated with the subsequent development of BOS.
154 a novel marker to monitor the development of BOS.
155 5 were higher (P < 0.05) with development of BOS.
156  recipients in relation to the devlopment of BOS.
157 omarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of BOS are urgently needed to improve patients' prognosis.
158 ion of Pseudomonas preceded the diagnosis of BOS in 14 of 18 (78%) and by a median of 204 days (95% c
159 from individuals at the time of diagnosis of BOS.
160 at 3 months only in LTR who remained free of BOS (P=0.003).
161  were associated with an increased hazard of BOS.
162  the central events in immunopathogenesis of BOS following human lung transplantation.
163 their instrumental role in the initiation of BOS process and potential targeted therapies.
164 ranslational studies using a murine model of BOS demonstrated increased expression of IL-13 and its r
165 vo mouse orthotopic lung transplant model of BOS, antagonism of the LPA receptor (LPA1) or ATX inhibi
166                        A comparable onset of BOS was also observed in the patients who received BLT v
167 lso elevated in patients before the onset of BOS.
168 pithelial cell Ab precedes clinical onset of BOS.
169 vity) was 71% at 2 years before the onset of BOS.
170 an important role during the pathogenesis of BOS independent of the IL-4 biological axis.
171                 However, the pathogenesis of BOS remains unclear.
172 ys a significant role in the pathogenesis of BOS, we investigated whether soluble CD30 (sCD30), a T-c
173 cores were the only score type predictive of BOS (P < 0.01).
174 a higher grade is a significant predictor of BOS independent of other risk factors.
175  E-score was associated with greater risk of BOS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interva
176 ransplant depression had an elevated risk of BOS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [9
177 olymorphism was associated with more risk of BOS (relative risk, 8.6 [2.2-33.5], P<0.0001) and decrea
178               A trend toward reduced risk of BOS was observed in recipients with posttransplant anxie
179  to the same genera may increase the risk of BOS.
180 re not as strongly associated with a risk of BOS.
181 antially increased incidence and severity of BOS.
182 sibly silencing Uva exerted little effect on BOS-evoked activity in HVC neurons.
183 rome (BOS), but the effect of pseudomonas on BOS and death has not been well defined.
184  relationship between microbial populations, BOS, and other covariates was explored using PERMANOVA a
185 ophil chemoattractant in posttransplantation BOS and provide opportunities for the development of uni
186 ay augment management of IPS and potentially BOS as well.
187 sisted after multivariate adjustment for pre-BOS AR and lymphocytic bronchiolitis burden.
188 lactic therapy with AZI actually may prevent BOS and improve FEV1 after LTx, most likely through its
189                              Until recently, BOS and other psychological disorders in critical care h
190                              Until recently, BOS and other psychological disorders in critical care h
191 ent in the FEV1 in patients with mild/severe BOS after allogeneic HSCT.
192 assigned 32 HSCT recipients with mild/severe BOS to receive budesonide/formoterol or placebo for 6 mo
193 espond more strongly to the bird's own song (BOS) than to other sounds, and area X is critical for th
194 uditory presentation of the bird's own song (BOS), possibly providing a permanent referent for song m
195 uditory presentation of the bird's own song (BOS).
196 s the ability of budesonide oral suspension (BOS), a novel muco-adherent topical steroid formulation,
197                            Burnout syndrome (BOS) occurs in all types of health-care professionals an
198                            Burnout syndrome (BOS) occurs in all types of healthcare professionals and
199 gnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT
200 tment for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
201           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation (LTx) results from bronc
202 edom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and graft survival were compared between patients w
203 fested as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and worse posttransplant survival.
204 edom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) at three years was similar in those undergoing a vi
205 opment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) following lung transplantation has been correlated
206 ssociated bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in a murine model, we hypothesized that T follicula
207  onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in consecutive lung transplant recipients 61 years
208 opment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in human lung allografts.
209 o prevent bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in many patients, primarily a disease of the small
210 o prevent bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in many patients, primarily a disease of the small
211  The term bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a clinical surrogate for the histopathologic dia
212           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a condition of progressive airflow obstruction t
213           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the primary limiting factor for long-term surviv
214 enting as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) or restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) is the majo
215 ejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remain major limiting factors for lung transplantat
216 ay during bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) that occurs after lung transplantation.
217           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a condition of irreversible small airway fibrosis,
218 ns and by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a form of chronic rejection linked in part to micr
219           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a process of fibro-obliterative occlusion of the s
220 me (IPS), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
221 ifests as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), but no biomarker can currently predict the progres
222 ated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), but the effect of pseudomonas on BOS and death has
223 n, termed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), is the major cause of poor outcomes after lung tra
224 sented by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), is the single most important factor that limits th
225 ubsequent bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), mortality and graft loss for up to 15 years posttr
226           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), pathognomonic for chronic graft-versus-host diseas
227           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the clinical correlate of chronic rejection after
228           Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the major cause of death on lung transplantation,
229 nd during bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), we hypothesized that the type 2 immune mediated re
230 lity, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS)-free survival were analyzed up to 36 months after t
231 opment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
232 on termed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
233 re termed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
234  known as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
235 e risk of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
236 actor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
237 opment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
238 opment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
239 edom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).
240 idence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS): 1/43 in the Everolimus group and 8/54 in the MMF g
241 efined as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS]) is considered to reflect the evolution of chronic
242 tructive (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS]) or a restrictive lung function defect (restrictive
243 enotypes (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS]-neutrophilic BOS-restrictive allograft syndrome [RA
244 ejection (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, BOS).
245 ing PV systems, including balance of system (BOS) components.
246  end-of-life recycling of balance of system (BOS).
247                         We hypothesized that BOS would involve preferential injury to the secretory C
248  these complementary results illustrate that BOS involves a selective alteration in the distribution
249                        We have reported that BOS is associated with a lack of suppression of cytotoxi
250                        We have reported that BOS is associated with a lack of suppression of cytotoxi
251 n was significantly lower in patients in the BOS 0p (P = .025) and BOS 1-3 groups (P = .003) than it
252 ophil counts were 156 and 130 per hpf in the BOS and placebo groups, respectively.
253 group (24 +/- 8%, P = 0.009), but not in the BOS TxP group (53 +/- 10%, P = 0.97).
254                 sCD30 levels declined in the BOS+ patients but were still elevated compared to BOS- (
255 nsitioning from lung transplant (state 1) to BOS (state 2), from transplant (state 1) to death (state
256 patients but were still elevated compared to BOS- (48.52+/-5.04 vs. 7.19+/-2.9, P < 0.0001).
257 evelopment in all BOS+ patients, compared to BOS- (mean 139.8+/-10.7 vs. 14.8+/-2.7 U/ml, P < 0.001).
258 -12, and IL-15 in BOS+ patients, compared to BOS- and normal subjects.
259  lung fluid of patients with BOS compared to BOS-free controls, in cross-sectional and longitudinal a
260 g transplant recipients with BOS compared to BOS-free or donor controls.
261  that accumulation of HA could contribute to BOS by directly activating innate immune signaling pathw
262 ts receiving a lung retransplantation due to BOS or RAS were collected.
263 ht unique immunological processes leading to BOS and RAS.
264 antigen (HLA) alloimmunity and predispose to BOS.
265 ker can currently predict the progression to BOS.
266                                  The time to BOS or graft loss was analyzed in relation to the positi
267                          The average time to BOS was 3.4 years.
268 te the association between sRAGE and time to BOS, defined according to ISHLT guidelines.
269  likelihood of transition from transplant to BOS was increased by acute rejection, CXCL5, and the int
270 ntions that may be used to prevent and treat BOS.
271          The molecular mechanisms underlying BOS are poorly understood and disease-specific biomarker
272 nd use, and increased metal depletion unless BOS recycling is ensured.
273  candidate miRNAs in 14 LTxR with AR, 7 with BOS, and compared them against 13 stable pediatric LTxR
274            While CAS was not associated with BOS or worse survival, it remains an important complicat
275 nce of profibrotic mediators associated with BOS, including transforming growth factor-beta and IL-13
276  with cystic fibrosis is not associated with BOS.
277 -MSCs, a failure of which is associated with BOS.
278 onstrate highly replicable associations with BOS.
279 mphocytic bronchiolitis in RAS compared with BOS (P=0.031).
280 cell activation marker, would correlate with BOS.
281 tic fibrosis, was negatively correlated with BOS.
282  brushings were collected from patients with BOS (n = 10), stable lung transplant patients (n = 18),
283  brushings were collected from patients with BOS (n=10), stable lung transplant patients (n=18) and h
284  trend toward higher values in patients with BOS (room air, P = .06; 100% oxygen, P = .08).
285 positive for BOS 0-p FEV(1) in patients with BOS (sensitivity) was 71% at 2 years before the onset of
286  (P = .003) than it was in the patients with BOS 0.
287 stions to optimize therapy for patients with BOS after HCT.
288 y reduced in the lung fluid of patients with BOS compared to BOS-free controls, in cross-sectional an
289 However, only a portion of the patients with BOS demonstrate detectable anti-donor-HLA Abs.
290             MSCs isolated from patients with BOS demonstrated increased expression of alpha-SMA and c
291                   LR-MSCs from patients with BOS secreted significantly less PGE2 than non-BOS LR-MSC
292 y reduced in lung transplant recipients with BOS compared to BOS-free or donor controls.
293  elevated in lung transplant recipients with BOS when compared with those without BOS and healthy con
294 ra cells, in lung transplant recipients with BOS, BOS-free patients and in donor controls.
295 sa is common particularly in recipients with BOS, but a possible etiological relationship remains une
296 entrations were increased in recipients with BOS.
297 stituents in lung transplant recipients with BOS.
298                               Treatment with BOS was well tolerated in adolescent and young adult pat
299 MSCs) derived from patients with and without BOS.
300 ts with BOS when compared with those without BOS and healthy controls.

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