ライフサイエンスコーパス: Bt toxin

1 s in delaying insect resistance evolution to Bt toxin.

2 when Bt crops do not achieve a high dose of Bt toxin.

3 ing an ABCC2 protein confers resistance to a Bt toxin.

4 ean frequency of pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin.

5 at insect glycolipids are also receptors for Bt toxin.

6 hydrate modification is relevant to multiple Bt toxins.

7 ng confers extremely high resistance to four Bt toxins.

8 mental factor that affects susceptibility to Bt toxins.

9 st pests with low inherent susceptibility to Bt toxins.

10 st plants other than cotton that do not make Bt toxins.

11 dated, is unique among those known for other Bt toxins.

12 miptera) are not particularly susceptible to Bt toxins.

13 in refuges where insects are not exposed to Bt toxins.

14 ntly different from those reported for other Bt toxins.

15 c crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins.

16 control parasitic nematodes, we are studying Bt toxin action and resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

17 Cry6Aa1 is a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin active against nematodes and corn rootworm ins

18 lethality approaching that of the wild-type Bt toxin against non-resistant insects.

19 similar to that observed with highly potent Bt toxins against lepidopteran pests.

20 mal gene confers resistance to at least four Bt toxins and enables survival without adverse effects o

21 which have inherently low susceptibility to Bt toxins and have been exposed extensively to one of th

22 ntails refuges of plants that do not produce Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests.

23 relative toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins and pollen from Bt corn to monarch larvae.

24 ted CO2 on exogenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins and transgene expression in transgenic rice u

25 orn rootworm does not produce a high dose of Bt toxin, and the magnitude of resistance associated wit

26 earby "refuges" of host plants not producing Bt toxins are required in many regions.

27 d crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are based primarily on theoretical models.

28 ic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are currently being deployed for insect contr

29 vironmentally benign Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are deployed increasingly for insect control,

30 c crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are grown widely for pest control, but insect

31 The Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins (Bt toxins) are widely used insecticidal proteins in engi

32 Efforts to delay resistance with two or more Bt toxins assume that independent mutations are required

33 peptide to enhance insecticidal activity of Bt toxin-based biopesticides and transgenic Bt crops.

34 ese findings have important implications for Bt-toxin-based pest control.

35 in sensitivity is associated with changes in Bt-toxin binding to sites in brush-border membrane vesic

36 pply, we investigated the biomass, exogenous Bt toxins, Bt-transgene expression and methylation statu

37 ut short by rapid evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by pests.

38 When fed Bt toxin, C. elegans hermaphrodites undergo extensive da

39 demonstrate for the first time that a single Bt toxin can target a nematode.

40 Refuges of host plants that do not make Bt toxins can promote survival of susceptible insects an

41 The highest Bt toxin concentration in pooled kernels of non-Bt maize

42 The different GM genotypes produced either Bt toxins, conferred glyphosate tolerance or a combinati

43 d with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins critically impact the development of resistan

44 conferred extremely high resistance to four Bt toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F).

45 field showed that the mean concentration of Bt toxin Cry1Ab in kernels and the percentage of kernels

46 igned to counter insect resistance to native Bt toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac.

47 protein ABCC2 are linked with resistance to Bt toxins Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac or both in four species of Lepi

48 The genetically modified Bt toxins Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod were designed to count

49 erin-encoding gene linked with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac and survival on transgenic Bt cotton.

50 experiments with transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac and the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, showi

51 esults suggest that H. armigera can adapt to Bt toxin Cry1Ac by decreased expression of trypsin.

52 a) resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac in six provinces of northern China.

53 Here we report that the resistance to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni,

54 s linked to high levels of resistance to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the cotton pest Heliothis virescens.

55 e we examined the mechanism of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the laboratory-selected LF5 strain of

56 The resistance of H. zea to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in transgenic cotton has not caused wide

57 pplied this system to evolve variants of the Bt toxin Cry1Ac that bind a cadherin-like receptor from

58 a recessive allele conferring resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac was 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.05

59 importance of APN1 to the mode of action of Bt toxin Cry1Ac.

60 k moths carrying genes for resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry1C at frequencies of about 0.10

61 e United States have remained susceptible to Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, but field-evolved practical

62 tically independent resistance mechanisms to Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, individually and in combina

63 icoverpa zea, on transgenic cotton producing Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab.

64 used pyramid is transgenic cotton producing Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab.

65 trains, showing various resistance levels to Bt toxin (Cry1Ac), to a susceptible strain, we showed an

66 orm imposed severe injury to maize producing Bt toxin Cry3Bb1.

67 atory bioassays with maize hybrids producing Bt toxins Cry3Bb1, mCry3A, eCry3.1Ab, and Cry34/35Ab1, w

68 -5 in the intestine led to resistance to the Bt toxin Cry5B.

69 In contrast to other Bt toxins, Cry6Aa1 formed pores in receptor-free bilayer

70 resistance in response to selection with the Bt toxin CryIA(c).

71 ils a loss of glycolipid carbohydrates; (ii) Bt toxin directly and specifically binds glycolipids; an

72 Because the mixtures of low Bt toxin dose and CR12-MPED peptide effectively control

73 ith Bt crop 'pyramids' that make two or more Bt toxins effective against the same pest, and planting

74 hogenic potential, whereas the presence of a Bt toxin-encoding plasmid defines Bacillus thuringiensis

75 The development of insect resistance to Bt toxins endangers their long-term effectiveness.

76 ct adaptation to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins expressed by currently marketed transgenic cu

77 concentration will trigger up-regulation of Bt toxin expression in transgenic rice, especially with

78 Bt resistance occur when, in the absence of Bt toxins, fitness is lower for resistant insects than f

79 We monitored pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin for 8 years with laboratory bioassays of strain

80 34/35Ab1, which represent all commercialized Bt toxins for management of western corn rootworm.

81 uggest that plants containing two dissimilar Bt toxin genes ('pyramided' plants) have the potential t

82 Plants containing two dissimilar Bt toxin genes in the same plant ("pyramided") have the

83 major insecticide because genes that produce Bt toxins have been engineered into major crops grown on

84 To date, cases of resistance to Bt toxins have been reported in agricultural situations

85 nic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been used successfully for management of

86 netic analysis of Bt toxin pathways and that Bt toxins hold promise as nematicides.

87 ce is restricted to single groups of related Bt toxins, (ii) decreased toxin sensitivity is associate

88 eens for mutations that confer resistance to Bt toxin in C. elegans.

89 ply may promote the expression of transgenic Bt toxin in transgenic Bt rice, particularly under eleva

90 e efforts to prevent or manage resistance to Bt toxins in insect control programs.

91 is the first insect to evolve resistance to Bt toxins in open-field populations.

92 dapt, the benefits of environmentally benign Bt toxins in sprays and genetically engineered crops wil

93 Because inheritance of resistance to the Bt toxins in transgenic crops is typically recessive, DN

94 ase of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin in transgenic cotton plants, there is a need t

95 ued effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops.

96 nalyses of insect strains with resistance to Bt toxins indicate that (i) resistance is restricted to

97 Bioassays of purified Bt toxins indicate that Cry9C and Cry1F proteins are rel

98 s control, a narrower spectrum, and for some Bt toxins, inheritance that is not recessive and not ass

99 Understanding how Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins interact with proteins in the midgut of susce

100 enic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and can reduce rel

101 enic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and thus can reduc

102 -5 mutants displayed resistance to Cry14A, a Bt toxin lethal to both nematodes and insects; this indi

103 to 31 m from Bt maize caused low to moderate Bt toxin levels in kernels of non-Bt maize refuge plants

104 We find that a second, unrelated nematicidal Bt toxin may utilize a different toxicity pathway.

105 hich requires refuges of host plants without Bt toxins near Bt crops to promote survival of susceptib

106 enic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, nearby "refuges" of host plants not producin

107 rtake detailed molecular genetic analysis of Bt toxin pathways and that Bt toxins hold promise as nem

108 Typical three-domain Bt toxins permeabilize receptor-free planar lipid bilaye

109 loping resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops is a major chall

110 cting the fate of insecticidal Cry proteins (Bt toxins), produced by genetically modified Bt crops, i

111 agricultural pest targeted for control with Bt-toxin-producing crops.

112 Variable Bt toxin production in seeds of refuge plants undermines

113 an be explained by refuges of cotton without Bt toxin, recessive inheritance of resistance, incomplet

114 t cell receptor affinity can overcome insect Bt toxin resistance and confer lethality approaching tha

115 Here we report the cloning of a Bt toxin resistance gene, Caenorhabditis elegans bre-5,

116 demonstrate that (i) the major mechanism for Bt toxin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans entails a

117 We present data on Bt-toxin resistance in Heliothis virescens, a major agri

118 In contrast to other cases of Bt-toxin resistance, this H. virescens strain exhibits c

119 Without exposure to Bt toxins, resistance to both toxins decreased.

120 e, some transgenic crops produce 2 different Bt toxins targeting the same pest.

121 irescens strain exhibits cross-resistance to Bt toxins that differ significantly in structure and act

122 enic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that kill pests.

123 roducing two or more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that kill the same insect pest have been wide

124 However, evolution of insect resistance to Bt toxins threatens the long-term future of Bt applicati

125 a from 38 studies that report effects of ten Bt toxins used in transgenic crops against 15 insect pes

126 the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in transgenic and organic farming.

127 nic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first released, resistance evolution lea

128 ts to develop resistance rapidly to multiple Bt toxins when structural similarities are present among

129 Our findings establish that the evolution of Bt toxins with novel insect cell receptor affinity can o