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   1 ection with detectable viremia regardless of CD4 cell count.                                         
     2 virological failure, and mean differences in CD4 cell count.                                         
     3 and to stimulate complete recovery of normal CD4 cell count.                                         
     4  infections in HIV-positive people with high CD4 cell count.                                         
     5 as, by contrast, independent of the mother's CD4 cell count.                                         
     6 , the Bio-Rad Avidity assay, viral load, and CD4 cell count.                                         
     7 ths are linked with continued improvement in CD4 cell count.                                         
     8 ssay (ELISA) in a fully automated manner for CD4 cell count.                                         
     9 y identical to that of the MAA that included CD4 cell count.                                         
    10 yone infected with HIV irrespective of their CD4 cell count.                                         
    11 intravenous drug use, geographic origin, and CD4 cell count.                                         
    12 ended antiretroviral therapy irrespective of CD4 cell count.                                         
    13 ity were disseminated tuberculosis and a low CD4 cell count.                                         
    14  quality of available data increase at lower CD4 cell counts.                                        
    15 re 0.944 for log(10) HIV-1 RNA and 0.840 for CD4 cell counts.                                        
    16 ations, such as opportunistic infections and CD4 cell counts.                                        
    17  infection, diabetes, alcohol abuse, and low CD4+ cell count.                                        
    18 lines recommend initiating ART regardless of CD4+ cell count.                                        
    19 ART initiation at diagnosis, irrespective of CD4(+) cell count.                                      
    20 In univariable analysis, higher time-updated CD4 cell count (0.78, 0.71-0.85, p=0.0001) was associate
    21 lammation and viral load set point and blood CD4 cell counts 12 months after infection were investiga
    22 d Hispanic patients had lower median initial CD4 cell count (132 cells/mm(3)) than documented Hispani
  
    24 pes; 44% women; median age, 35 years; median CD4 cell count, 151 cells/microL; median VL, 5.0 log10 c
    25 up was 321 cells per muL higher, and average CD4 cell count 194 cells per muL higher than the deferre
    26 , driven in part by hospitalization at lower CD4 cell counts; 2) for treatment changes, and 3) for ea
    27 nificantly lower risk vs placebo of reaching CD4 cell count 250/muL or less (adjusted hazard ratio [H
    28 e diagnostic algorithm (58.5% female; median CD4 cell count, 278/muL; WHO HIV stage I, 66.8%), 98 (10
    29 ere randomly assigned (1:1) to point-of-care CD4 cell counts (366 compounds with 417 participants) or
  
    31 ction: 39 (45%) of 87 women with HIV and low CD4 cell counts, 52 (59%) of 88 women with HIV and high 
    32   Ninety-three HIV-infected children (median CD4 cell count, 655 cells/muL; plasma HIV RNA level, 4.7
    33  risk is increased in association with a low CD4+ cell count (a clinical measurement of immune status
    34 ociated with normalisation were high pre-ART CD4 cell counts, a high CD4/CD8 ratio at baseline, and n
  
  
  
    38 83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99; I(2)=51%, adjusted for CD4 cell count and ART duration), and there was some evi
  
    40 RT versus no cART, adjusted for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV RNA level via inverse probability
    41 that differ in the threshold used to measure CD4 cell count and HIV RNA viral load every 3-6 months (
    42 ted for age, sex, race, cohort, time-updated CD4 cell count and HIV RNA were estimated in calendar pe
    43 on of CD38 and HLA-DR surface markers), with CD4 cell count and HIV viral load as secondary outcomes.
    44 fied by trial site and adjusted for maternal CD4 cell count and infant birth weight, indicated that n
    45  study suggests that DAART, independently of CD4 cell count and risky behavior, has a potentially str
  
  
  
    49 S using interactive provider alerts improved CD4 cell counts and clinic follow-up for patients with H
    50 berculosis diagnosed had significantly lower CD4 cell counts and hemoglobin levels, more advanced WHO
  
  
    53 e-specific polymerase chain reaction system; CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA were measured with flow cyto
    54 ated cancer and determined by differences in CD4 cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) R
  
    56 ening in HIV-infected patients with very low CD4 cell counts and provides important incremental yield
    57 ng, infant feeding counselling, referral for CD4 cell counts and treatment, home-based services, anti
  
    59 s of HIV disease severity represented by low CD4(+) cell count and high viral load, assessed by multi
    60 time-updated clinical measurements including CD4(+) cell count and viral load with the outcome of inc
  
  
    63 ents who received Thymoglobulin showed lower CD4(+) cell counts and lower levels of IgM, at an averag
  
  
    66 odel to analyze associations between pre-ART CD4+ cell counts and death, attrition, and death or attr
    67 IV) patients has been associated with higher CD4+ cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads, with the u
    68  IL-2 alone or with peri-cycle ART increased CD4+ cell counts (and so delayed initiation of ART) in H
    69 is did not develop, matched by age, sex, and CD4 cell count, and 37 unmatched HIV-infected patients w
    70 ning illness, a greater 12-month increase in CD4 cell count, and a smaller risk of virologic failure 
    71 were included; their median body mass index, CD4 cell count, and fat mtDNA level were 26 kg/m(2), 227
    72 ecent calendar period, a higher contemporary CD4 cell count, and first-line regimens based on nonnucl
  
  
    75 fidence interval: 1.7, 3.2), reduced current CD4 cell count, and increased numbers of oral sex and "r
    76 nel, and stratified by HIV-1 RNA viral load, CD4 cell count, and intention to use zidovudine, with th
  
    78 evaluate the association between HIV status, CD4 cell count, and other clinical predictors and antibo
    79 f monitoring strategies, including clinical, CD4 cell count, and viral load monitoring, alone and tog
  
  
    82 rates and life expectancy stratified by sex, CD4 cell count, and WHO disease stage at enrolment in ca
    83 unts, 52 (59%) of 88 women with HIV and high CD4 cell counts, and 60 (67%) of 90 women in the HIV-uni
    84 nts without HIV, 89 and 88 with HIV and high CD4 cell counts, and 91 and 91 with HIV and low CD4 cell
    85  smoking status) and was apparent across all CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and viral load s
  
  
    88    Individuals with cirrhosis or low current CD4 cell count are at highest risk of developing HCC or 
    89   Human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell count are only 2 of many factors associated wit
    90  active antiretroviral therapy and increased CD4 cell counts are associated with improved immune resp
    91 fected individuals with relatively preserved CD4 cell counts are at higher risk for lower respiratory
    92 Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS inc
  
    94  HIV disease markers, such as viral load and CD4 cell counts, are not strongly associated with ongoin
  
  
    97 ses, loss of LTNP status was associated with CD4 cell count at 10 years after seroconversion (p < 0.0
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   105 ts from 169 007 patients in 44 studies, mean CD4 cell count at presentation increased minimally by 1.
   106 hed January 2002-December 2013 that reported CD4 cell count at presentation or ART initiation among a
  
   108 an-Meier estimator stratified by the initial CD4 cell count at the period of continuous suppression i
   109 start of the Masa programme in 2002, average CD4 cell counts at enrolment increased (from 101 cells/m
  
  
  
  
   114 is study suggest that HIV patients with high CD4+ cell counts at the time of ART initiation may be at
  
   116  sex-treatment arm interaction, pretreatment CD4 cell count, baseline VL, and subtype, was still inde
   117 cell count or re-present with persistent low CD4 cell counts because of poor adherence, resistance to
   118  significantly increased with lower maternal CD4 cell count, before and after adjustment for maternal
   119 partly explained by ART-induced increases in CD4 cell count, but not by increases in neutrophil count
  
  
  
  
   124 munodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA level (VL), CD4 cell counts (CD4), subtype, and treatment failure du
   125 ime-updated lagged and cumulative exposures (CD4 cell count, CD8 cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, HIV RNA, 
   126 use assays for BED, avidity, viral load, and CD4 cell count data from clade B samples collected in se
  
   128  years, and applied mixed effects models for CD4 cell count decline and median regression for viral l
  
  
   131 9-1.73) for threshold 350, and 24 month mean CD4 cell count differences were 0.4 (-25.5 to 26.3) cell
   132 ficant proportion of individuals with higher CD4 cell counts do not start ART within recommended time
   133 f-care (318 compounds with 353 participants) CD4 cell counts done at one of three referral laboratori
  
  
  
  
  
  
   140 y virus type 1 (HIV-1) plasma viral load and CD4 cell count for 5 years after antiretroviral therapy 
   141 antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of CD4 cell count for all patients with tuberculosis who al
  
   143 ovember 2011 to identify those that reported CD4 cell count for patients newly presenting to HIV care
  
   145 ian CD4 cell count or reconstructed the mean CD4 cell count from the presented data describing the nu
  
  
   148  patients infected with HIV subtype C with a CD4 cell count greater than 350/muL who were not receivi
  
   150  to the vaccine (six [7%] in the HIV and low CD4 cell count group, 12 [13%] in the HIV and high CD4 c
   151 ll count group, 12 [13%] in the HIV and high CD4 cell count group, and 21 [23%] in the HIV-uninfected
  
  
   154 ence was high even among patients with nadir CD4 cell count >200 cells/microL (140 per 100 000 person
   155 ccal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and had CD4 cell counts >/= 200 cells/mm(3) and HIV viral loads 
  
  
   158 by estimating the probability of maintaining CD4 cell counts >/=200 cells/microL during continuous HI
  
  
   161 ted patients with suppressed viral loads and CD4 cell counts >300 cell/muL could be reduced to annual
   162 d annually in HIV-monoinfected patients with CD4 cell counts >300 cells/microL and HIV/HCV-coinfected
  
  
   165 ion status (no infection, infection and high CD4 cell count [>350 cells per muL], and infection and l
   166  [>350 cells per muL], and infection and low CD4 cell count [>50 to </=350 cells per muL]) and receiv
  
  
  
  
   171 ent HIV type 1 RNA level, lower pretreatment CD4 cell count, hepatitis C antibody, less education, an
  
  
  
   175 nical parameters, including body mass index, CD4 cell count, HIV load, and C-reactive protein levels 
   176 arms were well-balanced with respect to age, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA load, and antiretroviral treatme
   177 orbidities, HIV status and related measures (CD4 cell counts, HIV viral load, and use of highly activ
   178   Demographic and HIV variables (nadir/entry CD4(+) cell count, HIV RNA level, antiretroviral therapy
  
   180 vere bacterial infection in people with high CD4 cell counts in a preplanned analysis of the START tr
  
  
   183  monitoring strategies based on time-varying CD4 cell counts in virologically suppressed HIV-positive
  
  
  
   187 line regimen, and calendar year, low current CD4 cell counts increased the risk of developing KS thro
   188  emtricitabine, and efavirenz) regardless of CD4 cell count (intervention) or according to national g
  
  
  
   192 0 weeks for post-48-week switch at the first CD4 cell count less than 100 cells/mm(3) or non-Candida 
   193 an increased risk of HFrEF, and time-updated CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/mm3 compared with at 
  
   195 cogenic HPV-negative HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/muL (cumulative incid
   196 ults (aged >/=18 years) living with HIV with CD4 cell count less than or equal to 350 cells per muL w
   197 ohort study to assess the effects of pre-ART CD4+ cell count levels on death, attrition, and death or
   198 mes for HIV-positive people were obtaining a CD4 cell count, linkage to an HIV clinic, ART initiation
   199  antiretroviral therapy coverage, firstly at CD4 cell count lower than 350 cells per muL, and then at
   200  lower than 350 cells per muL, and then at a CD4 cell count lower than 500 cells per muL, using lower
   201 f combined outcomes for disease progression (CD4 cell count </=250/muL, AIDS-defining conditions, or 
   202 and MsgC9 among HIV-positive patients with a CD4 cell count <200 cells/microl compared to those with 
   203 ies/mL; 5% and 18% vs 2% of person-time with CD4 cell count <200/microL; P < .001 for each comparison
   204 nt, before and after adjustment for maternal CD4 cell count <350 and 350-499 CD4/mm(3) (adjusted haza
   205 adults (aged >/=21 years) with advanced HIV (CD4 cell counts </=125 cells per muL) and pulmonary tube
   206 ART initiation for HIV-positive persons with CD4 cell counts </=500 cells/microL, a higher threshold 
   207    Furthermore, among HIV-infected subjects, CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm(3) were associated with a 
   208 R at initiation of ART (P <.05) and 12-month CD4 cell counts <200 cells/muL (P <.05) were associated 
   209 , in hospitalized HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <350/microL and microbiologically proved
   210 iveness of four strategies for patients with CD4 cell-counts <100 cells/microl starting ART 1) no scr
   211 ividuals aged 18-64 years were stratified by CD4 cell count (<200 cells/mL or >/=200 cells/mL) and ra
   212 trata of age (7-12, 13-17, and 18-30 years), CD4 cell count (<200, 200-499, and >/=500/muL), and a co
   213 stment for traditional risk factors, a lower CD4(+) cell count (<200 compared with >350 cells/mm(3); 
  
   215 A total of 5,083 (87.8%) having at least one CD4 cell count measure were included from 2005 to 2013. 
   216 gression of 197 point estimates encompassing CD4 cell count measurements from 169 007 patients in 44 
  
   218 ] vs 32 of 362 [8.8%]) and had lower current CD4 cell counts (median, 230 vs 383 cells/microL), lipid
   219 ance rates (11% vs 30%; P = .003) and higher CD4(+) cell counts (median, 275 vs 213 cells/microL; P =
   220  developing countries, simple and affordable CD4 cell counting methods are urgently needed in resourc
   221 ted settings in the near term, point of care CD4 cell counts might have a role in prioritising care a
  
  
  
  
  
   227 ut evidence supporting similar reductions in CD4 cell count monitoring is lacking for this population
  
  
  
   231  with recently diagnosed HIV infection and a CD4 cell count of 225/mm(3) began treatment with atazana
   232  until May 2008; after this date, reaching a CD4 cell count of 250/muL or less, consistent with the s
   233     Of monoinfected patients with an initial CD4 cell count of 300-349 cells/microL, 95.6% maintained
   234 2% [95% CI, 0%-7%]), 1 case in 47 women with CD4 cell count of 350 to 499 cells/muL (cumulative incid
  
   236 % CI, 0%-7%]), and 7 cases in 128 women with CD4 cell count of 500 cells/muL or greater (cumulative i
   237 of 6.0% (95% CI 5.8-6.2) among people with a CD4 cell count of less than 100 cells per muL, with 278 
   238 ith a VL of 400 copies/mL or more and with a CD4 cell count of less than 200/microL compared with 7- 
   239 d their clients to meet WHO eligibility of a CD4 cell count of less than 500 cells per muL could aver
   240 rial in ART-naive HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell count of more than 500 cells per muL assigned t
  
  
  
   244  on cART (viral load <50 copies per mL) with CD4 cell counts of 400 x 10(6) cells per L or greater.  
  
   246  greater than 1000 HIV RNA copies per mL and CD4 cell counts of fewer than 500 cells per muL, except 
  
   248 stment for latest HIV RNA level, but not for CD4 cell count or cancer risk factors, attenuated the ef
   249 e with advanced HIV infection and with a low CD4 cell count or re-present with persistent low CD4 cel
  
   251 nal CMV viruria was not associated with mean CD4 cell counts or HIV viral load but was associated wit
   252 es should consider reducing the frequency of CD4 cell counts or not doing routine CD4 monitoring for 
   253 breastfeeding women who started ART with low CD4 cell counts or World Health Organization clinical st
  
  
  
  
   258 ted with higher viral load (P = .004), lower CD4 cell count (P = .01), and increased mortality (hazar
   259  risk of lung cancer was associated with low CD4 cell count (p trend=0.001), low CD4/CD8 ratio (p tre
  
   261 notype, antiretroviral regimen, HCV subtype, CD4 cell count, previous response to HCV treatment, HCV 
   262 rum lipid levels, HIV replication, low nadir CD4(+) cell count, protease inhibitor use, comorbid cond
   263  started before or with ART, irrespective of CD4 cell count, reduces morbidity and mortality with ben
   264  PrEP-treated macaques showed no significant CD4 cell count reduction during acute infection and deve
  
  
  
   268 t was in those not infected, irrespective of CD4 cell count, resulting in lower levels of serotype-sp
  
  
   271 ity compared with uninfected patients at all CD4 cell count strata (>/=500/muL: IRR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.
   272 association between current HIV DNA load and CD4 cell counts suggests that the unique physiological c
   273 delines now recommend limited use of routine CD4 cell count testing in human immunodeficiency virus (
   274 sease staging with referral laboratory-based CD4 cell count testing is a key barrier to the initiatio
   275 eferral, and then (1:1) either point-of-care CD4 cell count testing or referral for CD4 testing.     
   276 f front-line health workers, a point-of-care CD4 cell count testing platform, a revised counselling a
   277 ng with counsellor support and point-of-care CD4 cell count testing would increase uptake of ART and 
   278  in multivariable analysis, particularly the CD4 cell count, the HR for immediate-initiation group mo
   279 formula to compare 10-year mortality under 3 CD4 cell count thresholds for therapy initiation among 3
   280 tform holds great promise for offering rapid CD4 cell count to scale up much needed ART in resource-c
  
  
   283 ed information about the association of age, CD4 cell count, viral load (VL), and antiretroviral (ARV
  
  
  
  
  
   289 or factors that changed over time, including CD4 cell count, we detected no decreases in AIDS-related
  
  
   292 ed improvements in HIV-1 RNA suppression and CD4 cell counts were achieved in a large inner-city popu
  
  
   295 iation, particularly among patients with low CD4 cell counts, whereas other cancers increased with ti
   296 CI: 4.64, infinity) of HPV16, as well as low CD4+ cell counts, whether measured at nadir (OR per 100-
  
  
  
   300 uals remain AIDS-free with a high and stable CD4 cell count without antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 
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