ライフサイエンスコーパス: CNTF

1 CNTF and neurturin expression in the cochlear nucleus wa

2 CNTF binds to high or low affinity receptor complexes co

3 CNTF immunoreactivity was observed on astrocytes and oli

4 CNTF increased STAT3 phosphorylation in WT and SOCS3kd m

5 CNTF increases rapidly and greatly following traumatic o

6 CNTF induced an extensive activation of astrocytes, whic

7 CNTF induces a decrease in rhodopsin expression and an i

8 CNTF reduced diabetes incidence and islet apoptosis in W

9 CNTF treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in

10 CNTF viral transduction maintained rhodopsin expression

11 CNTF was identified in a subset of type B cells that lab

12 CNTF was increased and also expressed by neurons.

13 CNTF, anti-CNTF antibodies, and antibodies to the encaps

14 CNTF-/- mice had more extensive tissue loss and similar

15 CNTF-receptor complex members, CNTFRalpha, LIFRbeta and

16 CNTF/LIF/STAT3 signaling has been shown to promote their

17 le sclerosis, cortical neurons up regulate a CNTF-mediated neuroprotective signalling pathway.

18 In addition, CNTF secreted by GSNO-treated astrocytes enhanced the di

19 In addition, CNTF treatment resulted in increased numbers and dispers

20 Additionally, CNTF combined with FGF2 enhanced the formation of prolif

21 d motor neurons, indicating that these adult CNTF receptors play no essential survival role in this m

22 As shown by immunoprecipitation, all CNTF variants retained the ability to bind to CNTFR.

23 lated cell implant is semipermeable to allow CNTF to reach the retina.

24 ression in the OC of deafened rats, although CNTF was expressed throughout the time that SGNs were dy

25 However, CNTF and its analog CNTF(Ax15) activate leptin-like pathways in the hypothal

26 were quantified (by Western blot analysis), CNTF stimulation leading to the upregulation of connexin

27 enic response is indirect; that is, NT-3 and CNTF first bind to nascent neurons in the DRG--which the

28 Here we demonstrate that both NT-3 and CNTF induce distinct dose-dependent responses on cells i

29 In the OC, NT-3 and CNTF showed a postnatal increase in expression approxima

30 NT-3 and CNTF, which normally increase postnatally, had significa

31 xon regeneration, Muller cell activation and CNTF production in the retina without affecting retinal

32 (NT-3), BDNF, GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and CNTF-in the OC and cochlear nucleus at various ages from

33 T, with CNTF and the combination of BDNF and CNTF reducing mfERG responses.

34 The combination of BDNF and CNTF rescued more photoreceptors than either factor alon

35 fter PDT, although a combination of BDNF and CNTF rescues more photoreceptors.

36 ons of BDNF, CNTF, a combination of BDNF and CNTF, or PEDF in one eye and PBS in the other 2 days bef

37 hic factor (CNTF), a combination of BDNF and CNTF, or pigment epithelial cell-derived growth factor (

38 eurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFRalpha) and CNTF (0.83 nM) responsiveness in connexin 43 upregulatio

39 ctor receptor alpha subunit (CNTFRalpha) and CNTF play important roles in neuron survival, glial diff

40 Western blotting showed that leptin and CNTF(Ax15) activated Stat3 and ERK1/2 pathway in culture

41 By quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, LIF, and CNTF mRNA increased but with significantly different tim

42 NT-3, neurturin, and CNTF were most abundant in the postnatal hearing OC; CNT

43 adenomatus polyposis coli (APC(+)) OLs, and CNTF significantly increased the percentage of APC(+) OL

44 endogenous neuroprotective system (TRPV1 and CNTF on astrocytes, and CNTFRalpha on dopamine neurons)

45 CNTF, anti-CNTF antibodies, and antibodies to the encapsulated cell

46 these patients were evaluated for CNTF, anti-CNTF antibodies, and antibodies to the encapsulated cell

47 that only CV-1 was as biologically active as CNTF.

48 Astroglial CNTF expression was not affected by diffusible neuronal

49 demonstrate that aspirin-induced astroglial CNTF was also functionally active and that supernatants

50 Here, we show that astroglial CNTF expression in the adult mouse striatum is increased

51 ts received intravitreal injections of BDNF, CNTF, a combination of BDNF and CNTF, or PEDF in one eye

52 Because CNTF can potentiate FGF-2 expression, we examined the di

53 Because CNTF exerts anti-obesogenic effects in adipocytes and NP

54 Because CNTF is predominantly expressed in the nervous system, t

55 Thus, both CNTF and FGF-2 are present in regions of elevated OPC pr

56 to the complex cellular responses induced by CNTF in diseased retinas.

57 0 in rods also demolishes neuroprotection by CNTF and prevents further activation of Muller glia.

58 esponse to NMDA-induced retinal damage or by CNTF or FGF2 in the absence of retinal damage.

59 eased, and TSPO protein was overexpressed by CNTF-activated astrocytes.

60 better understanding of the roles played by CNTF receptors in adult MNs.

61 Retinal protection by CNTF in rcd1 dogs was accompanied by a significant incre

62 TAT3, a transcription factor up-regulated by CNTF and to a lesser extent FGF-2, was also detected.

63 y assigned to receive s.c. recombinant CNTF (CNTF(Ax15); 0.1 mg x kg(-1) per day; n = 11) calorie-res

64 Both combined CNTF-BDNF and BDNF overexpression alone had no statistic

65 /Interleukin-6/IL-6Ralpha hexameric complex, CNTF/CNTF-Ralpha heterodimerizes gp130 and LIF-R via non

66 In conclusion, CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabet

67 Constitutive CNTF production resulted in sustained activation of cyto

68 In addition, eyes treated with 1 ng/d CNTF demonstrated significantly greater retinal sensitiv

69 Eyes treated with 10 ng/d CNTF demonstrated significantly greater retinal sensitiv

70 gical control and infusion groups of 10 ng/d CNTF, 1 ng/d CNTF, and PBS vehicle control.

71 and infusion groups of 10 ng/d CNTF, 1 ng/d CNTF, and PBS vehicle control.

72 and wounded corneas, resulting in decreased CNTF and impaired sensory nerve innervation and regenera

73 By 28 dpi, CNTF expression was significantly higher along lesion bo

74 P (CNTF3, and CNTF4) studies received an ECT-CNTF implant, designated as "NT-501," in one eye.

75 Thus, ectopic CNTF-mediated activation of STAT3 restored axon elongati

76 ted viral vectors (type 2) containing either CNTF, BDNF, or both, with saline-injected eyes and nonin

77 amine the in vivo roles played by endogenous CNTF receptors in adult motor neuron survival and ChAT m

78 strating a developmental role for endogenous CNTF receptor signaling.

79 acological treatments to increase endogenous CNTF levels for neuroprotection.

80 ion with our previous study, that endogenous CNTF receptor signaling can protect MNs against toxic in

81 Together, the data suggest that endogenous CNTF receptor signaling in type B stem cells inhibits ad

82 The enhanced CNTF expression in GSNO-treated astrocytes was ascribed

83 TF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha), an essential CNTF receptor component, is greatly increased in skeleta

84 d reinnervation in normal corneas, exogenous CNTF accelerated nerve regeneration in the wounded corne

85 elucidate a cellular mechanism for exogenous CNTF-triggered neuroprotection and provide insight into

86 ding diseases, the target cells of exogenous CNTF and its mechanism of action remain poorly understoo

87 We propose that exogenous CNTF initially targets Muller glia, and subsequently ind

88 of the muscle itself, even though exogenous CNTF has been shown to affect these functions.

89 monstrated by supplementation with exogenous CNTF in vitro and siRNA knockdown in vivo.

90 treatment of previously preserved explants, CNTF responsiveness was 174% +/- 23% (P = 0.023; 4 pairs

91 cytes of the SVZ and dentate gyrus expressed CNTF and were close to dopaminergic terminals.

92 ombined treatment with OPC grafts expressing CNTF can enhance remyelination and facilitate functional

93 ant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing CNTF was injected subretinally, for transduction of peri

94 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) acts as a potent neuroprotective agent in multiple

95 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) administration maintains, protects, and promotes t

96 Exogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) administration promotes the survival of motor neur

97 oop, increasing ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) producti

98 re, we examined ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression,

99 uent release of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) potently pro

100 anisms by which ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and other neurotrophic molecules modify the axonal

101 y, we evaluated ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) delivered via an intraocular encapsulated cell tec

102 ch sprouting is ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expressed in local spinal neurons.

103 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been shown to be expressed after brain lesions

104 ctors including ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner.

105 major source of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the cornea.

106 d expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the rds mutant mouse retina.

107 n, the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces hypophagia and increases signal transducti

108 of the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) into the rat striatum, in the absence of neurodege

109 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic factor with therapeutic potentia

110 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a potent neural cytokine with very low expressi

111 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a promyelinating trophic factor, and the mechan

112 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is important for the survival and outgrowth of ret

113 ting induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is qualitatively different from the sprouting indu

114 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is undergoing testing in human clinical trials to

115 ed induction of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) mRNA.

116 Exogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes motor neuron (MN) survival following trau

117 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes photoreceptor survival but also suppresse

118 educes, whereas ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes, neurogenesis.

119 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induce

120 that endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor signaling may inhibit neuronal differenti

121 reatment with a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small-molecule peptide mimetic, Peptide 021 (P021)

122 ty trial, human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was delivered by cells transfected with the human

123 upregulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was observed within the retina following optic ner

124 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was the most effective neurotrophic factor to prom

125 termine whether ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a combination of BDNF and CNTF, or pigment epithe

126 h factor (HGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and Artemin through specific activation of their

127 R, the cytokine Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), and its alpha receptor (CNTF-Ralpha).

128 s, particularly ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), as potential anti-obesity therapeutics.

129 factor 1 (IGF1)/ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), induces regrowth of retinal axons and formation o

130 gs treated with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), to examine the effect of a neuroprotective stimul

131 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which acts parallel to leptin in the hypothalamus

132 s production of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which prevents the active degeneration of dopamin

133 roliferation by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF).

134 he neurotrophin ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF).

135 useful protein [ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)].

136 pro-OL differentiation and survival factors CNTF and FGF-2.

137 ce to DA fouling of a carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) microelectrode to a traditional carbon fiber (CF)

138 First, CNTF protein was quantified using Western blots, which r

139 signaling in SVZ NSP cells, with a "floxed" CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) mouse line and a gene c

140 mples from these patients were evaluated for CNTF, anti-CNTF antibodies, and antibodies to the encaps

141 lly characterize cells containing functional CNTF receptors.

142 viable cells with minimal cell loss and gave CNTF output at levels previously shown to be therapeutic

143 After light damage GDNF, CNTF, and BDNF mRNA levels dropped 14- to 16-fold in the

144 The survival of grafted CNTF-OPCs increased fourfold compared with EGFP-OPCs.

145 However, CNTF and its analog CNTF(Ax15) activate leptin-like path

146 Intravitreal injection of recombinant human CNTF protein in rat results in a series of biochemical a

147 entivirus to deliver the same secreted human CNTF used in clinical trials to a mouse model of RP.

148 elivered by cells transfected with the human CNTF gene and sequestered within capsules that were surg

149 on and rarely grow extrasynaptically even if CNTF is administered chronically.

150 ogenesis was reduced by approximately 20% in CNTF-/- mice, confirming the endogenous role of CNTF.

151 lost endogenous membrane-bound CNTFRalpha in CNTF signaling, suggesting the potential of an adjuvant

152 CE damage in CNTF-modulated explants and corneal buttons from explant

153 treatments did not diminish the increase in CNTF after MCAO.

154 n blot, there was a quantitative increase in CNTF and BDNF expression in retinas exposed to single vi

155 CE cell connexin-43 mRNA levels in CNTF-treated and (rhCNTFRalpha+CNTF)-treated paired corn

156 type mice by approximately 25-75% but not in CNTF-/- littermates or in the SVZ of mice infused with C

157 umber of neuroblasts in wild-type but not in CNTF-/- littermates.

158 ervation did not affect SVZ proliferation in CNTF-/- mice, suggesting that the dopaminergic innervati

159 % more per year in sham-treated eyes than in CNTF-treated eyes (P < 0.001, linear mixed model), and c

160 ree(2) more per year in sham-treated than in CNTF-treated eyes (P = 0.002, linear mixed model).

161 ntial of an adjuvant rhCNTFRalpha therapy in CNTF-therapy.

162 retinal layers were significantly thicker in CNTF-treated eyes than in sham-treated eyes (P < 0.005).

163 ischemia does not seem to directly increase CNTF, as intrastriatal injection of an ischemic solution

164 ent with the D2 agonist quinpirole increased CNTF mRNA in the SVZ and hippocampal formation, and in c

165 Significantly increased CNTF was detected in spared white and gray matter betwee

166 vates astrocytes and Muller cells, increases CNTF levels in the retina and leads to enhanced retinal

167 ine-aspartic acid) blocking peptides induced CNTF expression, which was dependent on transcription.

168 We conclude that NO signaling induces CNTF expression in astrocytes that favors the beneficial

169 Intracerebroventricular CNTF(Ax15) decreased 24 h food intake and body weight in

170 romoted by suppression of CASP2 and CASP6 is CNTF-dependent and mediated through the JAK/STAT signall

171 for 5 days with citrate buffer or 0.1 mg/kg CNTF before receiving 80 mg/kg streptozotocin.

172 ), showed a significant binding in the lenti-CNTF-injected striatum that was saturated and displaced

173 Likewise, CNTF inhibited apoptosis in WT but not in SOCS3kd MIN6 c

174 role in progenitor survival and maturation, CNTF acts as a chemoattractant and participates in the r

175 pports hindlimb motor neurons through c-Met; CNTF supports subsets of axial motor neurons through CNT

176 Moreover, CNTF elevates the expression of LIF and endothelin 2, th

177 Moreover, CNTF reduced NFkappaB activation and required down-regul

178 Morphologically, CNTF treatment causes a shortening of rod outer segments

179 Unconditional disruption of the mouse CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) gene leads to MN loss,

180 at, although neither motor neuron nor muscle CNTF receptors play a significant, nonredundant role in

181 e most abundant in the postnatal hearing OC; CNTF and neurturin most abundant in the cochlear nucleus

182 Intravitreal application of CNTF further enhances axon regeneration from SOCS3-delet

183 Moreover, therapeutic application of CNTF reduced body weight in mice and humans.

184 show first that subcutaneous application of CNTF to levator auris longus muscles of adult mice evoke

185 hich may rely on the low-affinity binding of CNTF to the IL-6R.

186 VZ) cells in vivo with low concentrations of CNTF to anatomically characterize cells containing funct

187 The intraocular delivery of CNTF in the encapsulated cell implant appeared to be saf

188 ibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway downstream of CNTF signalling).

189 gression analysis to calculate the effect of CNTF and BDNF.

190 The overall effect of CNTF is to negatively regulate the phototransduction mac

191 re urgently needed to evaluate the effect of CNTF treatment in patients with inherited retinal degene

192 rhCNTFRalpha decreased the effectiveness of CNTF.

193 an intracellular mediator of the effects of CNTF and other neurotrophic cytokines, acts locally in a

194 abrogation of aspirin-induced expression of CNTF by siRNA knockdown of CREB, the presence of a conse

195 we examined the spatiotemporal expression of CNTF in cross-sections spanning the injury site.

196 lial activation, increases the expression of CNTF in culture, and subsequently increases the number o

197 rin increased mRNA and protein expression of CNTF in primary mouse and human astrocytes in a dose- an

198 n previously that constitutive expression of CNTF prevents photoreceptor death but alters the retinal

199 ohistochemistry to analyze the expression of CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) in mouse retina and opt

200 Expression of CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha), an essential CNTF rece

201 Expression of CNTF was also analysed.

202 ation, together with autocrine expression of CNTF, was involved in glioma growth regulation.

203 PKA, abrogated aspirin-induced expression of CNTF.

204 ntly enhanced in animals receiving grafts of CNTF-OPCs.

205 al acuity) received the high-dose implant of CNTF.

206 not BDNF, and caused a delayed induction of CNTF mRNA.

207 Induction of CNTF signalling and the anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl2, t

208 eated with chronic intravitreous infusion of CNTF.

209 We found that low levels of CNTF halt photoreceptor death, improve photoreceptor mor

210 xotomy, even though there are high levels of CNTF in the optic nerve.

211 The calculated half-life of CNTF in the vitreous continuously delivered by ECT impla

212 The localization of CNTF receptors (CNTFRalpha) to the sarcolemma in C57BL/6

213 ight contribute to IL-6R/CNTFR plasticity of CNTF.

214 olecule, Bcl2, known down stream products of CNTF signalling were also increased in MS cortical neuro

215 (western, immunohistochemistry) products of CNTF-related genes.

216 sus cAMP-response element in the promoter of CNTF, and the recruitment of CREB and CREB-binding prote

217 Quantification of CNTF-dependent proliferation of CNTFR.gp130.LIFR express

218 The rate of CNTF secretion from the explants and the corresponding v

219 Therefore, stringent regulation of CNTF may be necessary for its therapeutic application in

220 F-/- mice, confirming the endogenous role of CNTF.

221 Furthermore, an ectopic source of CNTF in adult healthy brains changes SVZ-derived neural

222 ast partially mediated by an upregulation of CNTF expression seen after lens injury.

223 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or CNTF and transplanted into the contused adult thoracic s

224 rocytes induced by either thyroid hormone or CNTF was also abrogated by IFN-gamma.

225 to the anorectic action of either leptin or CNTF(Ax15), implying a crucial role for S6K1 in modulati

226 were used as vehicle versus CNTF-treated or CNTF- versus (rhCNTFRalpha+CNTF)-treated (24 hours, 37 d

227 Persistent CNTF signaling also caused enhanced phosphorylation of S

228 NT-501 implants produced CNTF consistently over a 2-year period.

229 opic analysis of the full-length gp130/LIF-R/CNTF-Ralpha/CNTF quaternary complex elucidates an asymme

230 s of the full-length gp130/LIF-R/CNTF-Ralpha/CNTF quaternary complex elucidates an asymmetric structu

231 Ten participants received CNTF implants in one eye.

232 ificantly increased in animals that received CNTF-OPC grafts compared with all other groups.

233 cipated in a phase 2 clinical trial received CNTF delivered by an encapsulated cell technology implan

234 Importantly, 75% of rats receiving CNTF-OPC grafts recovered transcranial magnetic motor-ev

235 Recently, CNTF has been evaluated in clinical trials for the inher

236 ophic Factor (CNTF), and its alpha receptor (CNTF-Ralpha).

237 andomly assigned to receive s.c. recombinant CNTF (CNTF(Ax15); 0.1 mg x kg(-1) per day; n = 11) calor

238 paminergic denervation in adult mice reduced CNTF mRNA by approximately 60%, whereas systemic treatme

239 Cocultured neurons reduced CNTF expression in astrocytes, which was prevented by li

240 e receptor gp130 gene in Muller glia reduces CNTF-dependent photoreceptor survival and prevents phosp

241 By multivariate regression, CNTF had a significant protective effect, with 15% less

242 en neurons and astrocytes normally represses CNTF expression and that neuronal dysfunction causes a r

243 RNA levels in CNTF-treated and (rhCNTFRalpha+CNTF)-treated paired corneas averaged (mean+/-SEM) 0.26+

244 s CNTF-treated or CNTF- versus (rhCNTFRalpha+CNTF)-treated (24 hours, 37 degrees C), followed by anal

245 Interestingly, secreted CNTF was responsible for increased expression of glial f

246 Here, we aimed to generate a CNTFR-selective CNTF variant (CV).

247 These data confirm that CNTF can exert a protective effect in experimental glauc

248 deo time-lapse imaging), we demonstrate that CNTF controls the directed migration of SVZ-derived prog

249 Among these cytokines, we found that CNTF, IL-11, and Clcf1/Crlf1a can stimulate optic axon r

250 We hypothesized that CNTF and FGF-2 would increase after SCI, especially in r

251 This Phase I trial indicated that CNTF is safe for the human retina even with severely com

252 While indicating that CNTF receptors can promote adult MN survival, the data d

253 ied using Western blots, which revealed that CNTF protein continually rose through 28 days post injur

254 We show that CNTF controls the migration of subventricular zone (SVZ)

255 n acute model of demyelination, we show that CNTF is strongly re-expressed after lesion and is involv

256 Echocardiography showed that CNTF(Ax15) reduced cardiac hypertrophy [posterior wall t

257 These findings suggest that CNTF delivered by the encapsulated cell technology impla

258 These data also suggest that CNTF receptors may promote adult MN survival and that ap

259 These data suggest that CNTF-mediated retinal neuroprotection may be a novel the

260 ent-binding protein) was enhanced across the CNTF gene promoter in GSNO treated astrocytes.

261 Although the CNTF might have a higher intrinsic RC constant, thus lim

262 s of rhCNTFRalpha (8.3 nM) in augmenting the CNTF (0.83 nM) effect was tested.

263 us limiting its high-frequency behavior, the CNTF shows a significantly higher durability than the CF

264 us neuregulin activity completely blocks the CNTF-induced proliferation and reduces about half of the

265 on of 100 muM DA, the signal measured by the CNTF microelectrode shows a 2-h window over which no dec

266 Clinical studies of the CNTF derivative Axokine revealed intolerance at higher c

267 w that the CNTF-binding alpha-subunit of the CNTF receptor (CNTFRalpha) is released from injured tiss

268 nd adult-onset conditional disruption of the CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) gene to directly examin

269 ibody targeted to the gp130 component of the CNTF receptor) and AG490 (an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT p

270 Moreover, blockade of the CNTF-specific receptor CNTFRalpha induced sensory nerve

271 rating retina, whereas studies show that the CNTF-binding alpha-subunit of the CNTF receptor (CNTFRal

272 ment of CREB and CREB-binding protein to the CNTF promoter by aspirin suggest that aspirin increases

273 tural features with CNTF and signals via the CNTF receptor tripartite complex comprised of CNTFRalpha

274 tion normally regulates neurogenesis through CNTF.

275 inergic system promotes neurogenesis through CNTF.

276 ns and leads to behavioural recovery through CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) on nigral dopamine neur

277 y nerve innervation and regeneration through CNTF and that diabetes reduces DC populations in UW and

278 Thus, CNTF mediates dopaminergic innervation- and D2 receptor-

279 ing site from cardiotrophin-like cytokine to CNTF.

280 scue from cell death, continuous exposure to CNTF changed photoreceptor cell profiles, especially res

281 lpha from axons renders RGCs unresponsive to CNTF, thereby contributing to regenerative failure and d

282 Unlike CNTF, our studies have revealed that NP also substantial

283 e novel observations suggest that NP, unlike CNTF, may not be a viable obesity therapeutic.

284 an donor corneas were used as vehicle versus CNTF-treated or CNTF- versus (rhCNTFRalpha+CNTF)-treated

285 the explants and the corresponding vitreous CNTF levels were evaluated for each time point.

286 Disruption of in vivo CNTF receptor signaling in SVZ NSP cells, with a "floxed

287 The data also indicate that in vivo CNTF receptors play very different roles in adult and em

288 to different patterns of initiation: whereas CNTF-induced sprouts emerge randomly from the surface of

289 Whether CNTF-induced changes in rods are through the same mechan

290 This has caused concerns about whether CNTF is detrimental to the function of photoreceptors be

291 For this reason, we assessed whether CNTF protects mice against streptozotocin-induced diabet

292 trophic factor, and the mechanisms by which CNTF expression could be increased in the brain are poor

293 While CNTF neutralization retarded reinnervation in normal cor

294 eit with a much lower affinity compared with CNTF.

295 OCS3 knockdown MIN6 cells were cultured with CNTF, IL1beta, or both.

296 ares functional and structural features with CNTF and signals via the CNTF receptor tripartite comple

297 ttermates or in the SVZ of mice infused with CNTF antibodies.

298 elivered by ECT implants was 51 months, with CNTF levels statistically equivalent between the 6- and

299 oved retinal function 1 week after PDT, with CNTF and the combination of BDNF and CNTF reducing mfERG

300 Combined treatment with CNTF and BoTX produces exceptionally robust extratermina