ライフサイエンスコーパス: CVLM

1 Some recorded baro-activated CVLM neurones (n = 13) were activated by hypoxia, and mo

2 onal activity showed that all baro-activated CVLM neurones displayed one of four patterns of CRD-rela

3 st the response to hypoxia in baro-activated CVLM neurones is related to their basal pattern of respi

4 In contrast, other baro-activated CVLM neurones were inhibited during hypoxia (n = 6), and

5 ly lower (i.e., higher affinity) in RVLM and CVLM (164+/-38 and 178+/-27 pM, respectively,) than in D

6 whether nNOS antagonism within the RVLM and CVLM affected cardiovascular responses during the exerci

7 ests that AMPA-receptors within the RVLM and CVLM differentially modulate cardiovascular responses du

8 ults demonstrate that NO within the RVLM and CVLM differentially modulates cardiovascular responses d

9 The RVLM and CVLM displayed significantly lower (p<0.01) densities of

10 ured GABA concentrations within the RVLM and CVLM during increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) an

11 i.e., left and right sides of both RVLM and CVLM in sham operated rats and in rats with a temporary

12 i.e., left and right sides of both RVLM and CVLM in sham-operated rats (n = 10) and in rats with a t

13 elial NOS (eNOS) isoform within the RVLM and CVLM might also play a role in integrating cardiovascula

14 tigated the role of iNOS within the RVLM and CVLM on cardiovascular responses and glutamatergic/GABAe

15 during contractions throughout both RVLM and CVLM protocols.

16 ro-Gold injection sites in both the RVLM and CVLM, and the remainder were contralateral.

17 ggest that nitric oxide, within the RVLM and CVLM, plays an opposing role in modulating cardiovascula

18 al ventrolateral medullary regions (RVLM and CVLM, respectively).

19 udal ventrolateral medullary depressor area (CVLM) in regulating/modulating cardiovascular function.

20 udal ventrolateral medullary depressor area (CVLM), and the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) were als

21 O(2), presumably by activating barosensitive CVLM neurons and inhibiting RTN chemoreceptors.

22 firing patterns of individual barosensitive CVLM neurones were examined in relation to phrenic nerve

23 A majority of barosensitive CVLM neurons concurrently displayed markers for the GABA

24 Both CVLM- and PVN-projecting neurons had similar, tetraethyl

25 not in the NTS or in the rVRG-pre-Botzinger/CVLM region.

26 roup (rVRG-pre-Botzinger region, also called CVLM) eliminated PND while increasing the stimulatory ef

27 ponses within the rostral (RVLM) and caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla by modulating release of gam

28 blocker, into the rostral (RVLM) and caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla on cardiovascular responses

29 soform within the rostral (RVLM) and caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla.

30 tagonist) into the rostral (RVLM) or caudal (CVLM) ventrolateral medulla are mediated via changes in

31 either GABA(B) receptors nor a contralateral CVLM to RVLM GABAergic pathway explains residual respons

32 For CVLM experiments, muscle contraction increased MAP and H

33 d an increased transition barrier height for CVLM (1.5 kcal/mol higher than that of CVIM).

34 ndependent sympathoinhibitory influence from CVLM to RVLM is mediated by glycine receptors.

35 iratory inputs, and baro-activated GABAergic CVLM neurones may contribute to CRD-related modulation o

36 tion evoked large, constant latency EPSCs in CVLM-projecting NTS neurons that were consistent with th

37 rgent polysynaptic responses not observed in CVLM-projecting neurons.

38 fully (> 75%) triggered action potentials in CVLM-projecting neurons but spike output was uniformly l

39 lateral application of AGN (1.0 microM) into CVLM potentiated cardiovascular responses and glutamate

40 nificantly increased in the left ipsilateral CVLM quadrant in left-sided MCAO rats.

41 s significantly augmented in the ipsilateral CVLM in left-sided MCAO rats.

42 ion of nNOS abundance within the ipsilateral CVLM.

43 verexpression of eNOS within the ipsilateral CVLM.

44 tep by perturbing isoleucine into a leucine (CVLM).

45 subtypes and glycine receptors in mediating CVLM sympathoinhibition.

46 h the RVLM and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) as well as dorsomedial medulla (DMM), there was in

47 projecting to caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) but largely only indirectly contact neurons projec

48 The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains GABAergic neurones that tonically inhibit

49 eurones in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contribute to the complex sympathetic response to

50 ral (RVLM) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in modulating cardiovascular responses during stat

51 cimol into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) instantly blocked the sympathetic baroreflex, elim

52 egulation: the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) or paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PV

53 neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) play a major role in regulating the level of sympa

54 The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) provides tonic inhibitory and also excitatory inpu

55 nts and in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) to a physiologically defined depressor region.

56 e RVLM and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM).

57 ral (RVLM) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM).

58 ST-evoked spike generation along PVN but not CVLM pathways.

59 synapses directly on somata and dendrites of CVLM-projecting NTS neurons identifying them as second-o

60 ons with levels obtained after inhibition of CVLM neurons, both of which result in sustained elevatio

61 ated on the same or different populations of CVLM-neurons.

62 A subset of each type of CVLM neurone was identified as GABAergic by individually

63 ferent information output directed to PVN or CVLM pathways.

64 s were inserted bilaterally into the RVLM or CVLM of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats using stereotax

65 er Fluoro-Gold was injected into the RVLM or CVLM of these animals, and immunofluorescence studies of

66 altered by nNOS blockade within the RVLM or CVLM, which in turn might have contributed to the augmen

67 ontrast, compared to sham rats and the right CVLM quadrant of MCAO rats, eNOS expression was signific

68 ontrast, compared to sham rats and the right CVLM quadrant of MCAO rats, nNOS expression was signific

69 ith more elaborate dendritic morphology than CVLM-projecting neurons.

70 Thus, a sympathoexcitatory pathway from the CVLM can be activated in the presence of RVLM GABA recep

71 , but sympathoinhibitory influences from the CVLM predominate.

72 ulated by sympathoinhibitory inputs from the CVLM to the RVLM, we compared levels of plasma EPI obtai

73 Furthermore, both glutamate and GABA in the CVLM contribute to the complex sympathetic response to a

74 iovascular-related GABAergic neurones in the CVLM display CRD-related activity.

75 at the activity of GABAergic neurones in the CVLM is regulated by cardiovascular and respiratory inpu

76 t from the sympathoinhibitory neurons in the CVLM that project to RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons c

77 the levels of extracellular glutamate in the CVLM were also augmented during the contraction.

78 ghtly rostral to those with terminals in the CVLM.

79 r input and at a key inhibitory relay in the CVLM.

80 re unchanged by inhibition of neurons in the CVLM.

81 : (1) nicotinic receptors are present in the CVLM; (2) activation of these receptors results in depre

82 ins alpha-7 subunits) must be present in the CVLM; and (5) it is not clear whether these two subtypes

83 Microdialysis of CNQX into the CVLM (n=8) potentiated the contraction-evoked responses

84 rast, bilateral application of TRIM into the CVLM attenuated cardiovascular responses during muscle c

85 ntagonist (bicuculline or gabazine) into the CVLM dramatically attenuated the sympathetic response to

86 the glutamate antagonist kynurenate into the CVLM eliminated the respiratory-related fluctuations in

87 ministration of L-NMMA (1.0 microM) into the CVLM for an additional 30 min blocked the augmented MAP

88 (BIC) into the RVLM or of muscimol into the CVLM of urethane/chloralose-anesthetized, artificially-v

89 subsequent microdialysis of L-NMMA into the CVLM reversed the effects of L-arginine.

90 Following CNQX perfusion into the CVLM, the levels of extracellular glutamate in the CVLM

91 taining alpha-7 subunits, were made into the CVLM.

92 ed to make microinjections (100 nl) into the CVLM.

93 mM were microinjected unilaterally into the CVLM.

94 00 pmol CGP35348, 100 nl), inhibition of the CVLM still increased MAP and renal sympathetic nerve act

95 xcitatory responses due to inhibition of the CVLM with GABA persisted following ipsilateral RVLM GABA

96 ses in MAP and RSNA due to activation of the CVLM with glutamate (500 pmol, 50 nl) were reversed to i

97 re inserted bilaterally into the RVLM or the CVLM.

98 In Inactin anesthetized female rats, the CVLM and RVLM were functionally defined by pressor and d

99 Weaker projections were seen to the CVLM and RVLM and to the contralateral CPA.

100 The projection to the CVLM, or to A5 area, may provide for the increase in art

101 but decreased GABA concentrations within the CVLM (from 1.20+/-0.20 to 0.78+/-0.17 ng/10 microl).

102 increased nNOS protein expression within the CVLM.

103 ergic pathway explains residual responses to CVLM blockade.

104 100 nl) to the RVLM eliminated responses to CVLM inhibition, suggesting that a GABA(A) and GABA(B) i

105 Histograms of phrenic-triggered CVLM neuronal activity showed that all baro-activated CV

106 Local blockade of nNOS in RVLM vs. CVLM differentially alters local glutamate and GABA rele