ライフサイエンスコーパス: Chl

1 Chl b and pheophytin b were present in isolated PS II re

2 Chl b-containing PS II had a lower rate of charge recomb

3 Chl is a maternal factor that is also zygotically expres

4 Chl, like Chd, dorsalizes embryos upon overexpression an

5 in intramolecular electron transfer from (1*)Chl to PI to form Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-NDI and Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-

6 1-Chl inhibited mammalian cell growth, genomic DNA replica

7 Polyamide 1-Chl conjugate (1-Chl) alkylates and interstrand crosslinks DNA in cell-fr

8 ed on DNA treated for 1 h with 0.1 micro M 1-Chl, indicating that the conjugate is at least 100-fold

9 The conjugate molecule 1-Chl possesses the sequence-selectivity of a polyamide an

10 Polyamide 1-Chl conjugate (1-Chl) alkylates and interstrand crosslin

11 Treatment with 1-Chl decreased DNA template activity in simian virus 40 (

12 rovides two anthocyanin indices: ANTHR=log(1/Chl-fluorescence_R) and ANTHRG=log(Chl-fluorescence_R/Ch

13 (C) transmembrane (TM) helices that binds 6 Chl molecules and two carotenoids is conserved structura

14 the tla3 mutant than in the wild type and a Chl antenna size of the photosystems that was only about

15 We found that isiA, encoding a Chl protein that is induced under low-iron conditions, w

16 a quite unexpected expression pattern for a Chl binding protein and accumulated to high levels in th

17 Chl a-b light-harvesting complex, and had a Chl antenna size of the photosystems that was only about

18 Immediately preceding each quinone is a Chl (ec3), which receives a H-bond from a nearby tyrosin

19 n center, indicating that P(700) was still a Chl a/a' heterodimer in the mutant.

20 rome b(6)f complex unambiguously show that a Chl a molecule is an intrinsic component of the cytochro

21 ation capacity of canopies with wild type, a Chl-deficient mutant (Y11y11), and 67 other mutants span

22 rical approach for estimating chlorophyll a (Chl) from satellites can be in error by a factor of 5 or

23 3) enclosures with equivalent chlorophyll a (Chl-a) under present and higher partial pressures of atm

24 poral measures of SeaWiFS OC4 chlorophyll-a (Chl(RS)-a, mg m(-3)) were resolved across Florida's coas

25 of a 10-year high resolution Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) dataset, along with remotely-sensed sea surface t

26 ry, the two satellite-derived chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) eras are linked to assess concurrent changes in p

27 nto zinc methyl 3-ethylpyrochlorophyllide a (Chl) and then further modified at its 20-position to cov

28 ent yield of Fe(2+)Q(A) (or Fe(3+)Q(A)(-))...Chl(+)/Car(+)/Y(D)(*) charge separations.

29 D1 core subunit of photosystem II, abolished Chl f synthesis in two cyanobacteria that grow in far-re

30 kly coupled, spatially fixed, donor-acceptor Chl a molecules.

31 size BChl c but still synthesized BChl a and Chl a.

32 ed the kinetics of the labeling of Chl a and Chl f from H. hongdechloris grown in 50% D2O-seawater me

33 this strain synthesized BChl c, BChl a, and Chl a in amounts similar to wild-type C. tepidum cells.

34 he relaxation enhancements of the Car(+) and Chl(+) by the non-heme Fe(II) are smaller than the relax

35 eration of PS II, yields resolved Car(+) and Chl(+) EPR signals.

36 The relative location of Car(+) and Chl(+) radicals determined in this study provides valuab

37 The Car(+) and Chl(+) radicals exhibit dipolar-enhanced relaxation rate

38 struction of negatively stained apo-ChlH and Chl-porphyrin proteins was used to reconstitute three-di

39 The synthesis of Chl f (and Chl d) is part of an extensive acclimation process, far-

40 ively, indicating that the Car(+)-Fe(II) and Chl(+)-Fe(II) distances are greater than the known Tyr(D

41 orophyll (Chl) d in Acaryochloris marina and Chl f in Halomicronema hongdechloris showed that some cy

42 hanges of leaf traits, especially leaf N and Chl, but these responses followed qualitatively differen

43 (1*)Chl to PI to form Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-NDI and Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-NDI(2).

44 ry electron acceptors to give Chl-PI-NDI and Chl-PI-NDI(2).

45 arge recombination of Chl(+*)-PI-NDI(-*) and Chl(+*)-PI-(NDI)NDI(-*) on a 5-30 ns time scale.

46 with enhanced organic carbon production and Chl-a concentrations under high CO2 treatments.

47 ronic interactions between carotenoid S1 and Chl states, Phi(Coupling)(CarS1-Chl), that correlated di

48 phosphorus (TP), stoichiometry (TN:TP), and Chl.

49 rate of 1.1% year(-1) , while TP, TN:TP, and Chl did not change.

50 rs associated with climate and land use; and Chl trends were found in regions with high air temperatu

51 lta)(+)P(D1)(delta)(-)Chl(D1)) (673 nm) and (Chl(D1)(delta)(+)Phe(D1)(delta)(-)) (681 nm) (where the

52 egulatory 4VR genes is to screen Arabidopsis Chl mutants for DV Chl(ide) a accumulation.

53 ignificant quantities from readily available Chl a.

54 zes three types of (bacterio)chlorophyll ((B)Chl): BChl a(P), Chl a(PD), and BChl c(F).

55 Analyses of gene neighborhoods of (B)Chl biosynthesis genes and distribution patterns in orga

56 s of SGR1 and SGR2 in Arabidopsis to balance Chl catabolism in chloroplasts with the dismantling and

57 arises primarily from the connection between Chl and leaf reflectance and secondarily from the mismat

58 nts was characterized by (i) a loss of bound Chl and b heme, (ii) a shift in the absorbance peak and

59 otein biosynthesis models: a single-branched Chl biosynthetic pathway (SBP)-single location model, a

60 nd PORC persist and are responsible for bulk Chl synthesis throughout plant development.

61 ersely, intrastrand cross-links generated by Chl are efficiently repaired by a dedicated Nucleotide E

62 onic C:P and N:P ratios and increased C:N, C:Chl and cell-bound Ag stoichiometry.

63 ynthesis of chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, Chl-binding proteins and other components of the photosy

64 enoid S1 and Chl states, Phi(Coupling)(CarS1-Chl), that correlated directly with Chl fluorescence que

65 ubunit (PB7) or Mg-protoporphyrin chelatase (Chl H) encoding genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and in ec

66 nd characterize zebrafish, Danio rerio, CHL (Chl).

67 es the DNA crosslinking moiety chlorambucil (Chl) with a sequence-selective hairpin pyrrole-imidazole

68 The nitrogen mustard Chlorambucil (Chl) generates covalent adducts with double-helical DNA

69 oxygen produced by the sensitizers chlorin (Chl) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H

70 Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation causes leaf yellowing during senescence

71 cytochrome b(559) (Cyt b(559)), chlorophyll (Chl), and beta-carotene (Car) that are active under cond

72 d in the related bc1 complex: a chlorophyll (Chl) a, a beta-carotene, and a structurally unique coval

73 itrogen per unit mass (Nm ) and chlorophyll (Chl) decreased with home-climate temperature.

74 n 2913 lakes using nutrient and chlorophyll (Chl) observations from the Lake Multi-Scaled Geospatial

75 al standing stock [estimated by chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations] in sea ice from six locations in

76 cyanobacteria is accompanied by chlorophyll (Chl) depletion.

77 e (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), chlorophyll (Chl) content in WT plants as compared to the transgenics

78 trimeric excitonically coupled chlorophyll (Chl) cluster, comprising Chls a610-a611-a612.

79 assess species identification, chlorophyll (Chl) concentration, and differences in photosynthetic ef

80 aliana) mutants with defects in chlorophyll (Chl) b biosynthesis or in the chloroplast signal recogni

81 The cyclase step in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis has not been characterized biochemical

82 esulted in a 9-fold increase in chlorophyll (Chl) concentration and a 5-fold increase in integrated p

83 ighter green phenotype, a lower chlorophyll (Chl) per cell content, and higher Chl a/b ratio than cor

84 er-green phenotype, had a lower chlorophyll (Chl) per-cell content, and higher Chl a/b ratio than cor

85 We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence kinetics, oxygen exchange, the concent

86 onse curves, leaf nitrogen (N), chlorophyll (Chl) concentration and specific leaf area (SLA) of 25 gr

87 led P(700), is a heterodimer of chlorophyll (Chl) a and a'.

88 However, the discovery of chlorophyll (Chl) d in Acaryochloris marina and Chl f in Halomicronem

89 complexes bind the majority of chlorophyll (Chl) in cyanobacterial cells, it is accepted that the me

90 l phyla with members capable of chlorophyll (Chl)-based phototrophy are presently known.

91 st that are essentially free of chlorophyll (Chl).

92 During leaf senescence, chlorophyll (Chl) is broken down to nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabo

93 tem (PS) I and that synthesizes chlorophyll (Chl) b, a pigment that is not naturally present in the w

94 The chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio of the PS I-LHC II membranes was 3.2 +/-

95 rdination and regulation of the chlorophyll (Chl) and thylakoid apoprotein biosynthetic pathways.

96 l-fluorescence_G), based on the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence excited with red (R) and green (G) lig

97 xcitonic coupling between their chlorophyll (Chl) a's, despite a high pigment density.

98 ns of PSII complexes and Zea to chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching in a membrane environment.

99 ch is subsequently converted to chlorophyll (Chl).

100 ntains eight peridinins and two chlorophyll (Chl) a molecules, whereas HSPCP has six peridinins and t

101 ntains eight peridinins and two chlorophyll (Chl) a, whereas the HSPCP has six peridinins and two Chl

102 itute a small family of unusual chlorophyll (Chl)-binding proteins that possess a Kunitz-type proteas

103 e DV chlorophyllide a and/or DV chlorophyll [Chl(ide)] a are likely to provide an appropriate resourc

104 of the redox-active accessory chlorophylls (Chl) and beta-carotenes (Car) in oxygen-evolving PS II c

105 n identified, only 12 types of chlorophylls (Chl a, b, d; divinyl-Chl a and b; and 8(1)-hydroxy-Chl a

106 ronization of the synthesis of chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, Chl-binding proteins and other compon

107 ed a novel cross-linking agent that combines Chl with the G-quadruplex (G4) ligand PDS (PDS-Chl).

108 , inferred from chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), has significantly changed along the WAP shelf.

109 ypothesis that reducing chlorophyll content (Chl) can increase canopy photosynthesis in soybeans was

110 involved in charge separation (P(D1), P(D2), Chl(D1), and Phe(D1)).

111 oncentrations of the same ([H2O2]/[2,4-DCP]/[Chl]=1:3:0.02) is crucial to explaining inhibition effec

112 gs in leaf nitrogen resulting from decreased Chl.

113 of chlorophyllide released from the degraded Chl proteins.

114 CT character: (P(D2)(delta)(+)P(D1)(delta)(-)Chl(D1)) (673 nm) and (Chl(D1)(delta)(+)Phe(D1)(delta)(-

115 in Arabidopsis and specifically demethylates Chl catabolites at the level of FCCs in the cytosol.

116 are in agreement with a carotenoid-dependent Chl fluorescence quenching by direct interactions of LHC

117 is warranted when using empirically derived Chl to infer climate-related changes in ocean biology.

118 hows substantial errors in satellite-derived Chl for different phytoplankton assemblages.

119 is we have recently proposed three different Chl-thylakoid apoprotein biosynthesis models: a single-b

120 tla mutants with a substantially diminished Chl antenna size.

121 It was found that, upon direct Chl excitation, the Chl-to-Chl energy transfer rate cons

122 types of chlorophylls (Chl a, b, d; divinyl-Chl a and b; and 8(1)-hydroxy-Chl a) and bacteriochlorop

123 ever in Chl mutants lacking 4VR activity, DV Chl(ide) a may accumulate in addition to MV Chl(ide) a.

124 is to screen Arabidopsis Chl mutants for DV Chl(ide) a accumulation.

125 In the current work, an in situ assay of DV Chl(ide) a accumulation, suitable for screening a large

126 f the excitonically coupled terminal emitter Chl trimer results in an increased sensitivity of the ex

127 he psbA4 gene, which we rename chlF, enables Chl f biosynthesis in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002.

128 this Chl a is presently unclear, an excited Chl a molecule is known to produce toxic singlet oxygen

129 it originated from dephytylation of existing Chl and not from the block in the Chl biosynthesis.

130 TM helix, a potential binding site for extra Chl in close proximity to Chls a5 and b5 (labeling by Ku

131 Chlorophyll f (Chl f) permits some cyanobacteria to expand the spectral

132 escence_R) and ANTHRG=log(Chl-fluorescence_R/Chl-fluorescence_G), based on the chlorophyll (Chl) fluo

133 For Chl breakdown, STAY-GREEN1 (SGR1) interacts with Chl cat

134 logous expression to identify the enzyme for Chl f synthesis.

135 electron transfer from (1*)Chl to PI to form Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-NDI and Chl(+*)-PI(-*)-NDI(2).

136 concentrations of different dEPS fractions, Chl a, and DOC.

137 In contrast, most of the fresh Chl is utilized for synthesis of PSI complexes likely to

138 istances separating tetrapyrrole donors from Chl-protein acceptors in green plants by using readily a

139 to verify whether Chl f is synthesized from Chl a in the cyanobacterial species Halomicronema hongde

140 his method can accurately reproduce the full Chl emission spectra - capturing the spectral dynamics a

141 ) (NDI) secondary electron acceptors to give Chl-PI-NDI and Chl-PI-NDI(2).

142 he natural forms because individually a high Chl:C is beneficial in low light environments.

143 n of a trait benefiting the individual (high Chl:C(max), i.e., high antennae size) conflicts with art

144 lorophyll (Chl) per cell content, and higher Chl a/b ratio than corresponding wild-type strains.

145 lorophyll (Chl) per-cell content, and higher Chl a/b ratio than corresponding wild-type strains.

146 Nonnatives had significantly higher Chl, carotene, and anthocyanin concentrations than nativ

147 However, how Chl is distributed to photosystems under different light

148 b, d; divinyl-Chl a and b; and 8(1)-hydroxy-Chl a) and bacteriochlorophylls (BChl a, b, c, d, e, and

149 Intriguingly, we found that impaired Chl b biosynthesis in chlorina1-2 (ch1-2) led to prefere

150 seawater medium, the observed deuteration in Chl f indicated that Chl(ide) a is the precursor of Chl

151 lls and the formation of the formyl group in Chl f.

152 However in Chl mutants lacking 4VR activity, DV Chl(ide) a may accu

153 degrees S and with substantial increases in Chl a occurring farther south.

154 e oxidized by P680(+) and may have a role in Chl fluorescence quenching.

155 The broader climate plays a key role in Chl-a variability as the ocean colour anomalies parallel

156 The latitudinal variation in Chl a trends reflects shifting patterns of ice cover, cl

157 m space using passive methods (solar-induced Chl fluorescence, SIF) promise improved mapping of plant

158 by total organic matter, spectrally inferred Chl-a, diatom abundance, and carbon stable isotopic sign

159 l a approximately 63% of annually integrated Chl a) declined by 12% along the WAP over the past 30 ye

160 Summertime surface Chl a (summer integrated Chl a approximately 63% of annually integrated Chl a) de

161 n each ambident triad enables intermolecular Chl metal-ligand coordination in dry toluene, which resu

162 mutant accumulated chlorophyllide, the last Chl precursor, we showed that it originated from dephyty

163 The relationship among leaf Chl, leaf optical properties, and photosynthetic biochem

164 2 function counteracts SGR1 activity in leaf Chl degradation; SGR2-overexpressing plants stayed green

165 ) accessions showing large variation in leaf Chl.

166 antify the impact of variation in leaf-level Chl on canopy-scale photosynthetic assimilation and iden

167 Because the reaction requires light, Chl f synthase is probably a photo-oxidoreductase that e

168 ic sample is transferred from dark to light, Chl a fluorescence (ChlF) intensity shows characteristic

169 ith the operation of the SBP-single location Chl-protein biosynthesis model.

170 THR=log(1/Chl-fluorescence_R) and ANTHRG=log(Chl-fluorescence_R/Chl-fluorescence_G), based on the chl

171 ts with artificial selection of a trait (low Chl:C(max)) of most benefit to production at the populat

172 P(max)(b), maximum Chl normalized productivity, was 1.34 mg C.mg Chl(-1).h(

173 C.mg Chl(-1).h(-1) outside and 1.49 mg C.mg Chl(-1).h(-1) inside the iron-enriched patch.

174 hl normalized productivity, was 1.34 mg C.mg Chl(-1).h(-1) outside and 1.49 mg C.mg Chl(-1).h(-1) ins

175 ch faster and synthesized significantly more Chl, as well as both photosystems.

176 SBP-multilocation model, and a multibranched Chl biosynthetic pathway (MBP)-sublocation model.

177 oulder became undetectable at DV Chlide a/MV Chl a ratios less than 0.049, that is, at a DV Chlide a

178 t 459 nm over a wide range of DV Chlide a/MV Chl a ratios.

179 Chl(ide) a may accumulate in addition to MV Chl(ide) a.

180 high irradiance, almost all labeled de novo Chl was localized in the trimeric PSI, whereas only a we

181 e bchJ mutant produces detectable amounts of Chl a(PD), BChl a(P), and BChl c(F), all of which have r

182 A detailed analysis of Chl precursors in the ycf54 mutant revealed accumulation

183 nsfer reactions in PS II reaction centers of Chl b-containing mutant of Synechocystis without signifi

184 trate that MES16 is an integral component of Chl breakdown in Arabidopsis and specifically demethylat

185 Statistical distributions of Chl(RS)-a were evaluated to determine a quantitative ref

186 Excitation of Chl a in both the CP43'-PSI antenna supercomplex and the

187 nd 67 other mutants spanning the extremes of Chl to quantify the impact of variation in leaf-level Ch

188 mine the origin of the C2(1)-formyl group of Chl f and to verify whether Chl f is synthesized from Ch

189 e simulations indicate that the inability of Chl reductions to increase photosynthesis arises primari

190 e to synthesize PG, proved the inhibition of Chl biosynthesis caused by restriction on the formation

191 e absence of PG results in the inhibition of Chl biosynthetic pathway, which impairs synthesis of PSI

192 on of pheophorbide, an early intermediate of Chl breakdown, in vitro, but MES16 also demethylated an

193 Introduction of Chl f biosynthesis into crop plants could expand their a

194 we examined the kinetics of the labeling of Chl a and Chl f from H. hongdechloris grown in 50% D2O-s

195 Potential locations of Chl(+) and Car(+) species, and the pathways of secondary

196 alysis reflect a clear increasing pattern of Chl-a, a merging of the two seasonal phytoplankton bloom

197 shows that the selective photoexcitation of Chl results in intramolecular electron transfer from (1*

198 ndicated that Chl(ide) a is the precursor of Chl f Taken together, our results advance our understand

199 transfer between tetrapyrrole precursors of Chl, and several Chl-protein complexes, has made it poss

200 velopment disrupts the normal programming of Chl degradation, resulting in green seed at harvest and

201 t as polarizable units enhancing the rate of Chl-to-Chl energy transfer.

202 The ratio of Chl(+)/Car(+) is higher in the mutant core complexes, co

203 polyamide and the enhanced DNA reactivity of Chl.

204 o NDI and subsequent charge recombination of Chl(+*)-PI-NDI(-*) and Chl(+*)-PI-(NDI)NDI(-*) on a 5-30

205 in substrate channeling and/or regulation of Chl biosynthesis but show that it is not a vinyl reducta

206 y control point in the overall regulation of Chl degradation, was affected by freezing.

207 Recent advances in the retrieval of Chl fluorescence from space using passive methods (solar

208 ethyl group present at the isocyclic ring of Chl.

209 ed charge transfer properties of a series of Chl-based donor-acceptor triad building blocks that self

210 on by summing the individual 10 K spectra of Chl a and peridinin recorded in 2-MTHF.

211 ause of a C2(1)-formyl group substitution of Chl f However, the biochemical provenance of this formyl

212 ryotes, we hypothesize that the synthesis of Chl and PSI complexes are colocated in a membrane microd

213 The synthesis of Chl f (and Chl d) is part of an extensive acclimation pr

214 complexes in parallel with the synthesis of Chl in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells acclimated to di

215 0 ps component of fluorescence decay in open Chl b-containing PS II centers.

216 ti-cyclonic eddies transfer nutrients and/or Chl-a to the open waters of the central Red Sea.

217 es had changing nutrients, stoichiometry, or Chl.

218 rmation of reduced pheophytin b and oxidized Chl b in some PS II reaction centers.

219 dary electron transfer pathway that oxidizes Chl(Z) and cytochrome b(559) in Photosystem II (PS II) w

220 f (bacterio)chlorophyll ((B)Chl): BChl a(P), Chl a(PD), and BChl c(F).

221 l with the G-quadruplex (G4) ligand PDS (PDS-Chl).

222 We demonstrated that PDS-Chl alkylates G4 structures at low muM concentrations, w

223 We observed that PDS-Chl selectively impairs growth in cells genetically defi

224 tabolic channeling of potentially phototoxic Chl breakdown intermediates.

225 The lack of de novo-produced Chl under PG depletion was accompanied by a significantl

226 ossible to test the validity of the proposed Chl-thylakoid apoprotein biosynthesis models by resonanc

227 th the monomeric chlorophyll cation radical (Chl(z)(+)(*)) in photosystem II, and with recent theoret

228 these bands to chlorophyll cation radicals (Chl(+)).

229 bunits are mostly synthesized using recycled Chl molecules previously released during PSII repair-dri

230 strain that exhibited significantly reduced Chl levels.

231 uld explore the possibility of using reduced Chl to improve canopy performance by adapting the distri

232 ing a role for SGR2 in negatively regulating Chl degradation by possibly interfering with the propose

233 The Red Sea Chl-a depicts a distinct seasonality with maximum concen

234 tetrapyrrole precursors of Chl, and several Chl-protein complexes, has made it possible to test the

235 Significant Chl fluorescence quenching of reconstituted LHC-II was o

236 ization of the excitation energy on a single Chl a pigment in the terminal emitter domain due to very

237 Because only some Chl-synthesizing organisms possess homologs of bciA, at

238 (HxCDD), and (vi) chlorine-related sources (Chl), all of which were still represented in the surface

239 to decrease the redox potential of specific Chl and Car cofactors.

240 Summertime surface Chl a (summer integrated Chl a approximately 63% of annu

241 an earlier electron donor to P(680)(+) than Chl.

242 jugate is at least 100-fold more potent than Chl.

243 oss-of-function experiments demonstrate that Chl serves as a BMP antagonist with functions that overl

244 -sensed synoptic observations highlight that Chl-a does not increase regularly from north to south as

245 observed deuteration in Chl f indicated that Chl(ide) a is the precursor of Chl f Taken together, our

246 Taken together, the data suggest that Chl b and pheophytin b participate in electron-transfer

247 ing to the mammalian CHL1 gene suggests that Chl may serve roles in zebrafish distributed between CHL

248 The Chl-to-Chl energy transfer rate constant for both comple

249 els of the cyclase component Sll1214 and the Chl biosynthesis enzymes Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltran

250 tWSCP, that forms complexes with Chl and the Chl precursor chlorophyllide (Chlide) in vitro.

251 found that, upon direct Chl excitation, the Chl-to-Chl energy transfer rate constant for MFPCP was a

252 ene is too far (> or =14 Angstroms) from the Chl a for effective quenching of the Chl a triplet excit

253 energy transfer processes that occur in the Chl a network of the PSI trimer antenna.

254 ed that the tla2 strain was deficient in the Chl a-b light-harvesting complex, and had a Chl antenna

255 ed that the tla3 strain was deficient in the Chl a/b light-harvesting complex.

256 f existing Chl and not from the block in the Chl biosynthesis.

257 d replacement of magnesium (Mg) by Cd in the Chl molecules.

258 Charge recombination in the Chl-PI-NDI(2) cyclic tetramer (tau(CR) = 30 +/- 1 ns in

259 esidue niche influences the stability of the Chl a and one or both b hemes in the monomer of the b 6

260 ns the singlet excited state lifetime of the Chl a by a factor of 20-25 and thus significantly reduce

261 y positioned within approximately 4 A of the Chl a molecule, effectively quenching the triplet excite

262 ctrochromic shift of absorption bands of the Chl a pigments in the vicinity of the secondary electron

263 ant in maintaining the short lifetime of the Chl a singlet excited state, thereby decreasing the prob

264 ansfer from the excited triplet state of the Chl a to oxygen molecules.

265 rom the Chl a for effective quenching of the Chl a triplet excited state.

266 s significantly reduces the formation of the Chl a triplet state.

267 assembly of the peripheral components of the Chl a-b light-harvesting antenna.

268 y quenching the triplet excited state of the Chl a.

269 a result of the structural adaptation of the Chl a/b binding LHCI peripheral antenna that not only ex

270 assembly of the peripheral components of the Chl a/b light-harvesting antenna.

271 resolved absorbance anisotropy values of the Chl Q y band.

272 er relaxation enhancement by Fe(II) than the Chl(+) radical, consistent with Car being an earlier ele

273 It is also reported that the Chl a molecule in the cytochrome b(6)f complex does not

274 -based calculations, it is proposed that the Chl a singlet excited state lifetime is shortened due to

275 vel/synthesis is tightly associated with the Chl biosynthetic pathway.

276 Among these Chl catabolic components, SGR1 acts as a key regulator o

277 Although the functional role of this Chl a is presently unclear, an excited Chl a molecule is

278 for improving canopy photosynthesis through Chl reduction.

279 from the peridinin excited singlet states to Chl.

280 The Chl-to-Chl energy transfer rate constant for both complexes was

281 that, upon direct Chl excitation, the Chl-to-Chl energy transfer rate constant for MFPCP was a factor

282 larizable units enhancing the rate of Chl-to-Chl energy transfer.

283 ctroscopy has revealed that the peridinin-to-Chl a energy transfer efficiency is high (>95%).

284 acclimated PSII activity PhiPSII , and total Chl).

285 es, whereas HSPCP has six peridinins and two Chl a molecules.

286 whereas the HSPCP has six peridinins and two Chl a, but both have very similar pigment orientations.

287 either of the parent compounds, unconjugated Chl or polyamide 1, demonstrated any cellular activity i

288 esolved fluorescence decay measurements upon Chl excitation showed a significant reduction in the amp

289 oreductase that employs catalytically useful Chl a molecules, tyrosine YZ, and plastoquinone (as does

290 zed in the trimeric PSI, whereas only a weak Chl labeling in photosystem II (PSII) was accompanied by

291 However, weekly Chl-a seasonal succession data revealed that during the

292 When Chl a data were included a higher level of prediction wa

293 later phases of canola seed development when Chl should be cleared from the seed.

294 quenching by added NaN(3) depend on whether Chl or TMPyP was the photosensitizer.

295 -formyl group of Chl f and to verify whether Chl f is synthesized from Chl a in the cyanobacterial sp

296 ied, named AtWSCP, that forms complexes with Chl and the Chl precursor chlorophyllide (Chlide) in vit

297 s of Chls have been identified to date, with Chl f having the most red-shifted absorption maximum bec

298 g)(CarS1-Chl), that correlated directly with Chl fluorescence quenching.

299 nopy photosynthesis should not increase with Chl reduction due to increases in leaf reflectance and n

300 breakdown, STAY-GREEN1 (SGR1) interacts with Chl catabolic enzymes (CCEs) and light-harvesting comple