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1 tic replicating polymerase, is homologous to DNA polymerase beta.
2 by the BER enzymes, DNA ligase IIIalpha and DNA polymerase beta.
3 ylases and reduced DNA synthesis capacity by DNA polymerase beta.
4 ng to a large enzyme superfamily typified by DNA polymerase beta.
5 he critical DNA base excision repair enzyme, DNA polymerase beta.
6 ncoming nucleotide in the active site, as in DNA polymerase beta.
7 ot substitute for PCNA in the stimulation of DNA polymerase beta.
8 ading activity for the relatively inaccurate DNA polymerase beta.
9 air extension ability, relative to wild-type DNA polymerase beta.
10 asic sites to facilitate repair synthesis by DNA polymerase beta.
11 is homologous to part of the 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta.
12 id was also incorporated into position 72 of DNA polymerase beta.
13 s catalytic activity or its interaction with DNA polymerase beta.
14 pendent DNA cleavage and strongly inhibiting DNA polymerase beta.
15 thway by interacting with DNA ligase III and DNA polymerase beta.
16 ened for the ability to irreversibly inhibit DNA polymerase beta.
17 ycle-dependent manner similar to that of the DNA polymerase beta.
18 nt antitumor agents were shown to inactivate DNA polymerase beta.
19 NMR measurements of [methyl-(13)C]methionine DNA polymerase beta.
20 erase that shares 34% sequence identity with DNA polymerase beta.
21 with several replicative DNA polymerases and DNA polymerase beta.
23 GTP, which forms an active site complex with DNA polymerase beta, a repair enzyme that plays an impor
25 he specific catalytic roles of two groups of DNA polymerase beta active site residues identified from
28 e near the 3' terminus did not affect either DNA polymerase beta activity or poly(ADP)ribose polymera
31 protein-like box sequence in APC that binds DNA polymerase beta and blocks DNA polymerase beta-media
32 between the isolated 8-kDa domain of the rat DNA polymerase beta and DNA have been studied, using the
36 ith downstream base excision repair proteins DNA polymerase beta and flap endonuclease-1 by 4-6-fold.
37 incorporated into double-stranded DNA using DNA polymerase beta and functioned as both the damage si
38 two promising genes in the DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta and in the neuroendocrine transcript
39 een the in vitro replication errors of human DNA polymerase beta and in vivo point mutations of the a
40 -turnover kinetic methods, we examined human DNA polymerase beta and its novel X-family homolog, huma
41 nd the damaged strands that were bypassed by DNA polymerase beta and processed by flap endonuclease 1
42 alized similarity in the catalytic domain to DNA polymerase beta and related nucleotidyltransferases.
43 of cell replication-related proteins such as DNA polymerase beta and subunits of DNA polymerase delta
44 alpha or DNA ligase I, inhibits extension by DNA polymerase beta and that the lesion is resistant to
47 cleosome core are preferentially repaired by DNA polymerase beta and there is a significant reduction
48 R proteins, namely, DNA ligase III alpha and DNA polymerase beta and thus could form a large multipro
51 determined to be 5.7-7.2 x 10(-4) when using DNA polymerase beta (+/+) and (-/-) cell-free extracts.
53 using homozygous mouse embryonic fibroblast DNA polymerase beta (+/+) and (-/-) cells to determine t
55 nd the BER participants flap endonuclease-1, DNA polymerase beta, and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucle
56 man uracil DNA glycosylase, AP endonuclease, DNA polymerase beta, and DNA ligase 1 replace uracil opp
59 DOB is a potent irreversible inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, and forms interstrand cross-links i
60 PE1, the DNA strand displacement activity of DNA polymerase beta, and incision of a 1- or 10-nucleoti
62 itecture of the nucleotide binding pocket of DNA polymerase beta, and that alterations of this residu
66 alize with a type II DNA topoisomerase and a DNA polymerase beta at antipodal sites flanking the kine
67 n aphidicolin-resistant polymerase, probably DNA polymerase-beta, becomes the primary polymerase.
69 e (Aag) recognizes and removes the base, and DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) contributes the gap tailo
70 ry cAMP response element (CRE)1 in the human DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) core promoter plays a key
72 n either BER or its rate-determining enzyme, DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) is observed in response t
74 effect of Sp1 on the activation of the human DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol), a TATA-less promoter.
75 One contributing factor is the abundance of DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol), an enzyme required for B
76 DNA repair protein that forms complexes with DNA polymerase beta (beta-Pol), DNA ligase III and poly-
80 tructurally homologous to the palm domain of DNA polymerase beta but has additional structural featur
84 th that observed in the crystal structure of DNA polymerase beta complexed with magnesium and dNTP an
85 escribed a general mutator form of mammalian DNA polymerase beta containing a cysteine substitution f
88 rnative pathways for base excision repair: a DNA polymerase beta-dependent pathway and a proliferatin
90 also consistent with the interpretation that DNA polymerase beta discriminates the correct from incor
91 TP analogs (dT) was demonstrated to fit into DNA polymerase beta (DNA pol beta) binding pocket by obt
92 nting gene I protein (XRCC1) in complex with DNA polymerase beta, DNA ligase III, and poly(ADP-ribose
93 ression of XRCC1-associated proteins such as DNA polymerase beta, DNA ligase III, poly(ADP-ribose) po
94 ates the sequential binding and catalysis by DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase delta, FEN1, and DNA
95 tides 130-fold tighter, on average, than the DNA polymerase beta-DNA complex, although the base subst
96 olymerase with only one metal ion bound, the DNA polymerase beta-DNA template-primer-chromium(III).2'
97 excision repair pathway, and mice devoid of DNA polymerase beta do not live beyond a few hours after
100 DNA constructs in vitro, we find that human DNA polymerase beta effectively catalyzes CAG/CTG triple
102 ethod, we could follow the activity of human DNA polymerases beta, eta, iota and kappa under differen
106 osylase, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, DNA polymerase beta, flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1), and PA
112 ed strand is blocked, the intermediate after DNA polymerase beta gap filling is not channeled to the
113 of the catalytic divalent ion to the ternary DNA polymerase beta/gapped DNA/dNTP complex is thought t
116 e excision repair (BER)-deficient model, the DNA polymerase beta heterozygous mouse, to investigate t
117 eps during nucleotide incorporation by human DNA polymerase beta (hPolbeta) and provide a structural
119 Here, we have solved structures of human DNA polymerase beta (hPolbeta), in complex with single-n
122 to a molecule that irreversibly inactivates DNA polymerase beta in solution (IC50 approximately 21 m
124 mulates strand displacement DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase beta in this system; this stimulation is
125 tuent was found to be a critical element for DNA polymerase beta inhibition, since compounds 1 and 2
128 phenotype and that the Glu-249 side chain of DNA polymerase beta is critical for mispair extension fi
129 The large-scale opening motion of mammalian DNA polymerase beta is followed at atomic resolution by
130 show here that subsequent excision by human DNA polymerase beta is impaired at dL compared with unmo
131 d that SSB repair by DNA ligase IIIalpha and DNA polymerase beta is impaired by the presence of the n
133 oxynucleoside triphosphate, alpha-helix N of DNA polymerase beta is observed to form one face of the
135 e included in the reaction or when wild type DNA polymerase beta is replaced by DNA polymerase beta v
137 a, a recently identified X-family homolog of DNA polymerase beta, is hypothesized to be a second poly
138 stage embryos and adults are the absence of DNA polymerase-beta, leading to predominance of replicat
139 to human DNA polymerase beta, the C-terminal DNA polymerase beta-like domain alone displays a dramati
140 is comprised of three domains: a C-terminal DNA polymerase beta-like domain, an N-terminal BRCA1 C-t
141 Crystallographic studies of the C-terminal DNA polymerase-beta-like domain of full-length human DNA
142 rating enzymes include several clades of the DNA-polymerase beta-like superfamily (including Vibrio c
143 PC that binds DNA polymerase beta and blocks DNA polymerase beta-mediated strand-displacement synthes
144 f Escherichia coli, we previously isolated a DNA polymerase beta mutant in which Tyr-265 was altered
145 n NCPs decreases the gap-filling activity of DNA polymerase beta near the dyad center, with H3K14Ac e
148 ld-type and, in particular, repair-deficient DNA polymerase beta null cells are highly sensitized to
149 n potential, during DNA replication by human DNA polymerase beta, of several tetranucleotide repeat t
153 and 40-fold, respectively, but not those of DNA polymerase beta or Klenow fragment of E.coli DNA pol
154 yribose-5-phosphate lyase activity of either DNA polymerase beta or lambda is believed to occur after
155 ient in x-ray cross-complementing protein 1, DNA polymerase beta, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 a
159 ) studies on the enzyme-DNA complexes of rat DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) and African swine fever v
160 bers of the X-family of DNA polymerases: rat DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) and African swine fever v
161 L1 stably interacts with other BER proteins, DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) and DNA ligase IIIalpha.
162 n vitro, we found that TRF2 physically bound DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) and flap endonuclease 1 (
164 DNA ligase IIIalpha and also interacts with DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) and other base excision r
165 t shares a number of characteristics of both DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) and terminal deoxynucleot
166 onuclease from the incised abasic site, both DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) and the DNA ligase IIIalp
167 teady-state kinetic analyses using wild-type DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) and two active-site mutan
169 of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxodG) in TNR sequences, DNA polymerase beta (POL beta) can incorporate 8-oxodGMP
170 p junctions and whether a specific siRNA for DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) can move from one cell to
173 the R283K mutant of human DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) differing in the number o
175 ssion and short hairpin RNA-mediated loss of DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) expression in human breas
177 hich is demonstrated by the observation that DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) gap-filling synthesis act
178 We have identified several mutations of the DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) gene in human colorectal
179 2-AP) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses of DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) had provided important me
180 While matched nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) has been well-studied, a
184 filling polymerase activity was not due to a DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) homolog, or to another X-
185 ure of the human base excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) in complex with a 1-nt ga
186 f different intermediate states of mammalian DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) in its wild-type and an e
194 etween the XRCC1 N-terminal domain (NTD) and DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is central to base excisi
202 e template strand, which was skipped over by DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) lesion bypass synthesis.
206 pyrimidinic/apurinic endonuclease (APE), and DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) on homogeneously damaged,
208 se excision repair (BER), and in vertebrates DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) provides gap filling and
209 Earlier results had indicated that purified DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) removes the entire 5'-AMP
211 ported that WRN helicase activity stimulates DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) strand displacement synth
212 ructures of open and closed conformations of DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) suggests that the rate of
214 are the structure of the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) to that of a region of th
215 erichia coli DNA polymerase I (Kfexo(-)) and DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) using (19)F NMR, insertio
217 scale sequencing studies have indicated that DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) variants are present on a
222 iciently and irreversibly inhibits repair by DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), an integral enzyme in ba
223 onstrated for the N-terminal 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), and for the homologous d
224 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), flap endonuclease 1 (FEN
225 id (LCA), an inhibitor of the key BER enzyme DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), in cells deficient in ex
227 monstrate large-scale subdomain movements as DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), significant DNA motion e
228 1/HectH9) as an enzyme that can ubiquitylate DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), the major BER DNA polyme
229 cant proportion of human cancers overexpress DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), the major DNA polymerase
230 irus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT) or human DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), was significantly impair
231 opped-flow fluorescence assays for mammalian DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), we have previously ident
232 lase hNTH1, apurinic endonuclease (APE), and DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), which catalyze the first
233 n contrast with another X-family polymerase, DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), which inserts G*G mismat
241 ibose-5-phosphate (5'-dRP) lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta (pol beta): here we show, in vitro a
243 es had shown that an interaction of APC with DNA polymerase beta (pol-beta) blocks strand-displacemen
244 isogenic cells deficient in the BER enzymes DNA polymerase-beta (pol-beta) and alkyladenine DNA glyc
245 G analogue, 2'-fluoro-m7dG (Fm7dG), by human DNA polymerase beta (polbeta) and solved three X-ray str
246 epair, a tight heterodimer complex formed by DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta) and XRCC1 is thought to fa
247 e determined seven x-ray structures of human DNA polymerase beta (polbeta) bound to DNA bearing 8-bro
248 on encountering dL, AP lyase enzymes such as DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta) form dead-end, covalent in
249 lines containing wild-type (MEF-polbeta) or DNA polymerase beta (polbeta) gene-knockout (MEFpolbetaK
258 coordination of Mg(2+) or in the presence of DNA polymerase beta (polbeta), an interactive protein pa
259 inic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Apex1) and DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), and apoptosis in the brai
260 probing ternary complexes comprised of Ape1, DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), and different BER DNA int
261 antitatively a number of complexes formed by DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), apurinic/apyrimidinic end
263 mismatch discrimination mechanisms of human DNA polymerase beta (polbeta), we report four crystal st
267 rect) insertion for a low fidelity mutant of DNA polymerase beta (R283A) and exonuclease-deficient DN
270 and fidelity, we investigate the role of key DNA polymerase beta residues on subdomain motion through
271 l, strikingly different transition states in DNA polymerase beta's conformational closing for correct
272 binary DNA and ternary DNA-dNTP complexes of DNA polymerase beta, several side chains have been impli
273 Using a complementation system, in which rat DNA polymerase beta substitutes for DNA polymerase I of
275 ential conformational changes brings the DNA/DNA polymerase beta system to a state nearly competent f
276 eversible inhibitor of the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta that works synergistically with a DN
277 ambda has almost identical fidelity to human DNA polymerase beta, the C-terminal DNA polymerase beta-
278 dentically as they are in their complex with DNA polymerase beta, thereby proving that the eubacteria
280 DNA polymerase lambda is more efficient than DNA polymerase beta to fill this oxidized single-nucleot
281 of the model to nonspecific binding of human DNA polymerase beta to ssDNA demonstrates the significan
283 explicit solvent, the closing transition of DNA polymerase beta, unravels atomic and energetic detai
286 wild type DNA polymerase beta is replaced by DNA polymerase beta variants that fill single nucleotide
288 In addition, repair reactions catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta were found to be most effective in t
290 es within the 8 kDa amino terminal domain of DNA polymerase beta, which exhibits dRP lyase activity.
291 modeling investigation in the active site of DNA polymerase beta, which is known to incorporate both
292 21 is likely to relate to the utilization of DNA polymerase beta, which is not sensitive to p21, in t
294 t ternary complex crystal structure of human DNA polymerase beta with a G:A mismatch in the active si
295 We report the crystallographic structures of DNA polymerase beta with dG-dAMPCPP and dC-dAMPCPP misma
296 X-ray crystallographic structures of human DNA polymerase beta with nonhydrolyzable analogs contain
297 at 3, 4, and 6 exhibited mixed inhibition of DNA polymerase beta with respect to both activated DNA a
298 the base excision repair pathway, wild-type DNA polymerase beta (WT polbeta) provides most of the ga
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