ライフサイエンスコーパス: Darwinian

1 cation provide some of the best evidence for Darwinian adaptation in nature.

2 In particular, it is unclear whether Darwinian adaptation or non-adaptive processes are the p

3 productive chemical process would partake of Darwinian advantages over more complex fragmentary chemi

4 A visionary Darwinian ahead of his time, George C.

5 n rates provides further improvements in the Darwinian algorithm.

6 mour subclones and their growth through both Darwinian and neutral evolution.

7 We heed the call to merge Darwinian and Newtonian strategies by balancing microphy

8 ing global-scale adaptive radiations support Darwinian and Simpsonian ideas of microevolution within

9 y, and support the generality and power of a darwinian approach.

10 is support and promising to counter any anti-Darwinian attack, and by 1868, Darwin was enjoying signi

11 ptive immune response, reflecting an almost "Darwinian" bias.

12 es are also considered as the possible first Darwinian biopolymer(s).

13 ests the frequent occurrence of a simple non-Darwinian (but non-Lamarckian) model for the evolution o

14 The inherently Darwinian character of cancer is the primary reason for

15 pens the way towards adaptive and evolutive (Darwinian) chemistry.

16 possible to make sense of it based on simple Darwinian computations that integrate multiple sources.

17 being stated in the literature, the original Darwinian concept and the new plant-centered concept.

18 An essential feature of the Darwinian concept is the distinction between primary and

19 Although the darwinian concept of adaptation was established nearly a

20 In accord with this Darwinian concept, the phylogenomic approach to elucidat

21 , there are only shallow grounds for finding Darwinian concepts or population genetic theory incompat

22 just as he disputed Huxley's championing of darwinian continuity.

23 Robertson & Robinson insist their Darwinian daisies lose the ability for temperature regul

24 that the constraints on adaptation recovers Darwinian daisies' ability of temperature regulation on

25 Robinson presented what they describe as a "Darwinian Daisyworld" in which the ability of organisms

26 Its variants are Darwinian Daisyworlds in which daisies can adapt themsel

27 This study explores so-called Darwinian Daisyworlds mathematically rigorously in detai

28 The hallmark of the Darwinian discourse of 2009 is the plurality of evolutio

29 Has Darwinian (diversifying) selection at the genomic level

30 Darwinian dynamics based on mutation and selection form

31 imaging can enable us to define intratumoral Darwinian dynamics before and during therapy.

32 typic adaptations that govern the underlying Darwinian dynamics.

33 Thus, in the Darwinian environment of a cancer, the fitter chemosensi

34 ae to Darwin's On the Origin of Species, the Darwinian era up to the Cladistic Revolution, and the He

35 eredity, specific XNAs have the capacity for Darwinian evolution and folding into defined structures.

36 Objections to Darwinian evolution are often based on the time required

37 ter cell growth, leading to the emergence of Darwinian evolution at the cellular level.

38 ite of core principles that underlie organic Darwinian evolution but also extend them in new ways and

39 results confirm that the Gaia hypothesis and Darwinian evolution can coexist.

40 nset of lineage- and genome-wide accelerated Darwinian evolution during rapid species diversification

41 Darwinian evolution experiments carried out on xeno-nucl

42 Darwinian evolution favours genotypes with high replicat

43 Understanding how darwinian evolution gives rise to human language require

44 Darwinian evolution has to provide an explanation for co

45 rocesses of "stochastic innovation," such as Darwinian evolution in biology, that involve a search am

46 Just as Darwinian evolution in nature has led to the development

47 e development of many sophisticated enzymes, Darwinian evolution in vitro has proven to be a powerful

48 Darwinian evolution is based on three fundamental princi

49 Here, we have applied Darwinian evolution methods to evolve, in vitro, a TNA r

50 Darwinian evolution of humans from our common ancestors

51 ill lead to affinity maturation, replicating Darwinian evolution on the cellular level.

52 The advent of Darwinian evolution required the emergence of molecular

53 atural genetic polymer capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution to generate folded molecules with li

54 ficial genetic polymer capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution to produce aptamers with affinity to

55 emerged recently in humans and lacks a "(neo)Darwinian evolution".

56 f the public lacks a proper understanding of Darwinian evolution, a problem that can be addressed wit

57 rt to synthesize chemical systems capable of Darwinian evolution, based on the encapsulation of self-

58 ion and selection are the core principles of Darwinian evolution, but quantitatively relating the div

59 To understand the emergence of Darwinian evolution, it is necessary to identify physica

60 In Darwinian evolution, mutations occur approximately at ra

61 In Darwinian evolution, species that are better adapted to

62 ly in space and time following principles of Darwinian evolution, underpinning important emergent fea

63 ence of RNA self-replication and precellular Darwinian evolution.

64 lized chemical system capable of spontaneous Darwinian evolution.

65 Cancer recapitulates Darwinian evolution.

66 tumorigenesis as derived from a process like Darwinian evolution.

67 arguments concerning mathematical limits to Darwinian evolution.

68 t is an artificial genetic system capable of Darwinian evolution.

69 thod looks at cancer progression as a local, Darwinian evolution.

70 the way that genetic mutation is utilized by Darwinian evolution.

71 a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution.

72 rotein function based on natural history and Darwinian evolution.

73 s, thus providing the basis for genetics and Darwinian evolution.

74 hesis might have been sufficient to initiate Darwinian evolution.

75 yield, replication of longer sequences, and darwinian evolution.

76 on reaction dynamics that could have started Darwinian evolution.

77 ting selection forces that can frustrate the Darwinian evolutionary process of affinity maturation.

78 Tumor development is a Darwinian evolutionary process, involving the interplay

79 Cancers emerge from an ongoing Darwinian evolutionary process, often leading to multipl

80 cally variant cells, which is similar to the Darwinian evolutionary processes now thought to generate

81 Neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory is based on exquisite sele

82 subject to considerable controversy in post-Darwinian evolutionary theory, we review evidence that s

83 is have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory.

84 e an inheritance system that can evolve in a Darwinian fashion?

85 nds itself can have adverse consequences for Darwinian fitness and, later, for health.

86 y and assume that individuals maximize their Darwinian fitness by making economically rational decisi

87 oning 40 haploid genomes and measuring their Darwinian fitness in both sexes.

88 Flowers are vehicles of Darwinian fitness in flowering plants and are attacked b

89 e risk and mortality, and it also influences Darwinian fitness in social mammals more generally.

90 Most such models maximize darwinian fitness in the face of trade-offs and constrai

91 Darwinian fitness is a central concept in evolutionary b

92 rves have been based on the proposition that Darwinian fitness is determined by the Malthusian parame

93 t for a range of very simple life histories, Darwinian fitness is equal to birth rate minus death rat

94 ss physiological hypoxic stress, have higher Darwinian fitness than women with low oxygen saturation

95 nd next-generation sequencing, we quantified Darwinian fitness under a high-temperature challenge for

96 If we avoid the mistake of equating Darwinian fitness with health and quality of life, the a

97 long-term survival and reproductive success (Darwinian fitness) are uncertain for vertebrates in the

98 iveness to threats, increasing the survival (Darwinian fitness) of injured animals during subsequent

99 Darwinian fitness, the capacity of a variant type to est

100 en the manifold ways that depression impairs Darwinian fitness, the persistence in the human genome o

101 ormative models of animal decision making is Darwinian fitness.

102 entropy, which is the appropriate measure of Darwinian fitness.

103 s whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness.

104 demonstrating the contribution of miRNAs to darwinian fitness.

105 ata on heritability of characters underlying Darwinian fitness.

106 nes to the next generation, increasing their Darwinian fitness.

107 ntly maintain their reproductive success and Darwinian fitness.

108 rs where to lay eggs is promoted in terms of Darwinian fitness.

109 to fend off herbivorous insects can increase Darwinian fitness.

110 e have estimated population growth rates and Darwinian fitnesses of the genotypes and have explored t

111 on of RNA splicing is a prime example of the Darwinian function follows form concept.

112 e developing nervous system is in some sense darwinian has become one of the canons of neurobiology.

113 selection (i.e. 'ecological' speciation), a Darwinian hypothesis that hardly requires justification.

114 We show here that different features define Darwinian individuality across scales of size and time.

115 dings capture key events in the evolution of Darwinian individuality during the transition from singl

116 t strength that species achieve as effective Darwinian individuals in evolution.

117 on; and the recognition that interactors are Darwinian individuals, and that such individuals exist w

118 nge (if there was such) and the specifically Darwinian input.

119 use of mathematical modeling of intratumoral Darwinian interactions of environmental selection forces

120 Darwinian interactions of these subpopulations were inve

121 ars have usually given Darwin's theory a neo-Darwinian interpretation.

122 inction between different island systems is "darwinian" islands (formed de novo) and "fragment" islan

123 Thus, the two prerequisites of Darwinian life-the replication of genetic information an

124 These phases appear to undergo Darwinian-like selection and propagation, yet remarkably

125 w complex functional synergies can evolve by Darwinian means.

126 f replication with variation that supports a Darwinian mechanism to select the most behaviorally usef

127 n designed systems, arises naturally through Darwinian mechanisms.

128 ept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early comm

129 ant components of what is being marketed as 'Darwinian medicine'.

130 nce might be considered a challenge to a neo-darwinian micromutationist view of evolution, there are

131 ical model for the relative contributions of Darwinian mixing and turbulent wake mixing is created an

132 ubstantial phenotypic diversity in a classic Darwinian model of evolution.

133 cted in a gradual manner consistent with the Darwinian model of natural selection.

134 role of consumer selection, we constructed a Darwinian music engine consisting of a population of sho

135 Most methods for detecting Darwinian natural selection at the molecular level rely

136 to have been the first biopolymer to support Darwinian natural selection on Earth.

137 cular level, episodic evolution and positive Darwinian natural selection were apparent within the MHV

138 tive behavior can become established through Darwinian natural selection.

139 s and endosymbiosis have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory.

140 others at one's own fitness expense, poses a darwinian paradox.

141 A case is made here for a Darwinian perspective on breast and prostate cancers, fo

142 d States, completing entomology's shift to a Darwinian perspective.

143 Strong Darwinian positive selection in chimpanzee ICAMs 1, 2 an

144 he fixation of a new allele can be driven by Darwinian positive selection or can be due to random gen

145 ctivity, LMTK3 seems to have been subject to Darwinian positive selection, a noteworthy result given

146 including humans) have been major targets of darwinian positive selection.

147 We suggest that the application of the Darwinian principle of 'descent with modification' can h

148 h into the origins of life subscribes to the Darwinian principle of material causes operating in an e

149 d robust landscape might be a realization of Darwinian principle of natural selection at cellular net

150 Funneled landscape is a realization of the Darwinian principle of natural selection at the cellular

151 Darwinian principles now play a greater role in biology

152 ors, as in all living systems, is subject to Darwinian principles; thus, it is governed by predictabl

153 Affinity maturation is a Darwinian process in which B lymphocytes evolve potent a

154 is behavior is actually caused by a standard Darwinian process in which natural selection acts in thr

155 angement" forming progenitor B cells, then a Darwinian process of lineage diversification and selecti

156 ught to drive leukemia progression through a Darwinian process of selection and evolution of increasi

157 cells evolve toward increased affinity by a Darwinian process that has been studied primarily in gen

158 atic hypermutation and isotype switch, and a Darwinian process very efficiently selects B cells with

159 ralocorticoid receptor-evolved by a stepwise Darwinian process.

160 Pathogenic microorganisms use Darwinian processes to circumvent attempts at their cont

161 Like Darwinian processes, this simple chemical process exhibi

162 d molecular/cellular complexity can arise by Darwinian processes, while yielding no long-term increas

163 imal groups; there is much to learn from the Darwinian resolution of these situations for how to addr

164 The Darwinian revolution gave us a new form of explanation;

165 The Darwinian revolution is generally taken to be one of the

166 s by addressing these questions: Was there a Darwinian revolution?

167 Was there a Darwinian revolution?

168 The Copernican and the Darwinian Revolutions may be seen as the two stages of t

169 e network were eliminated on the basis of a "Darwinian rule" in order to model loss of synapses.

170 nomic comparisons show that strong, positive Darwinian selection acts on several mating-related genes

171 Strong positive Darwinian selection acts on two sperm fertilization prot

172 f accelerated sequence evolution by positive Darwinian selection after the split of humans and chimpa

173 Positive Darwinian selection also contributed to the diversificat

174 f sites in the viral gene under diversifying Darwinian selection and demonstrated the importance of i

175 e E6 and E5 ORFs are evolving under positive Darwinian selection and have done so in a relatively sho

176 geneous cell populations that are subject to Darwinian selection and may respond differentially to tr

177 mplications in statistical tests of positive Darwinian selection and molecular time estimation of dee

178 The combined effects of Darwinian selection and mutability contribute substantia

179 with some under diversity-enhancing positive Darwinian selection and others, including calcium-bindin

180 Thus, positive Darwinian selection and recombination have affected the

181 te that 102 trajectories are inaccessible to Darwinian selection and that many of the remaining traje

182 pidly than the parental gene, under positive Darwinian selection as revealed by the McDonald-Kreitman

183 oth adaptation at the level of phenotype and Darwinian selection at the level of genes, correlations

184 plosion of interest in evidence for positive Darwinian selection at the molecular level.

185 eatment with vincristine is not explained by Darwinian selection but by Lamarckian induction.

186 Even without genetic mutations, Darwinian selection can expand these resistant variants,

187 We found that IGF2 is subject to positive Darwinian selection coincident with the evolution of pla

188 his pattern, which is indicative of positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid changes in these

189 have previously been shown to exert positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid replacements of

190 te, possibly driven by a continuous positive Darwinian selection for a novel function, as is shown in

191 We found that, unexpectedly, positive Darwinian selection for amino acid replacements outside

192 In contrast, there appears to be Darwinian selection for sequons containing Thr, but not

193 We conclude that there is Darwinian selection for sequons in phylogenetically disp

194 disruptions to cellular growth control with Darwinian selection for those heritable changes that pro

195 e extent to which weak negative and positive darwinian selection have driven the molecular evolution

196 hasis on detecting the footprint of positive Darwinian selection in microbial genomes.

197 idance is not sufficient to explain positive Darwinian selection in reproductive proteins across taxo

198 lief that more genes have undergone positive Darwinian selection in the human lineage than in the chi

199 f the AFP paralogues is promoted by positive Darwinian selection in two independently evolved AFPs fr

200 Rapid evolution driven by positive Darwinian selection is a recurrent theme in male reprodu

201 Previously unsuspected Darwinian selection is detected in several genes in whic

202 We conclude that Darwinian selection is not responsible for increased fre

203 tatistical approaches, we show that positive darwinian selection is often the driving force behind th

204 tion of sites predicted to be under positive Darwinian selection is sufficient to convert a deoxyhypu

205 Although diversifying (positive) Darwinian selection is thought to explain the origin and

206 by both Lamarckian induction and nongenetic Darwinian selection of drug-tolerant states.

207 We observed Darwinian selection of target genes, which suppress tumo

208 Positive Darwinian selection on advantageous point substitutions

209 Positive Darwinian selection on genes is most easily discerned in

210 o major types of sequence tests for positive darwinian selection on proteins from different species:

211 um likelihood and Bayesian methods to detect Darwinian selection on the chloroplast rbcL gene in a sa

212 polymorphism indicate the action of positive Darwinian selection on the intron-absent variant.

213 on in a species and the strength of positive Darwinian selection on the seminal protein semenogelin I

214 e report a convincing case in which positive Darwinian selection operated at the molecular level duri

215 This strongly suggests that positive Darwinian selection operated in the early stage of evolu

216 methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selecti

217 Here we examined whether Darwinian selection pressure imposed by CD8(+) T cells i

218 ompetition for critical nutrients results in Darwinian selection pressures favoring phenotypes that i

219 gricultural revolution are still affected by Darwinian selection remains controversial among social s

220 e found no evidence for a period of positive Darwinian selection resulting in an accumulation of nega

221 Darwinian selection should preclude cooperation from evo

222 In earlier work, we used a Darwinian selection strategy to create human antibody va

223 Altogether, the correlation between Darwinian selection strength and evolutionary rate trend

224 ropocentric view that a grand enhancement in Darwinian selection underlies human origins.

225 ement on the relative importance of positive Darwinian selection versus relaxation of functional cons

226 arch for the landscape exhibited by positive Darwinian selection was conducted.

227 The initial darwinian selection was for molecular self-replication.

228 ns impact the basic biological process (e.g. Darwinian selection, development and information process

229 escribe how evolvability can be an object of Darwinian selection, emphasizing the collective nature o

230 prominent part of selection, counterpart to Darwinian selection, originates from the internal enviro

231 s variant could have been caused by positive Darwinian selection, presumably due to an ancestral FIV

232 because of genome duplications and positive Darwinian selection, suggesting that different hepcidins

233 shows that lysin evolves rapidly by positive Darwinian selection, suggesting that there is adaptive v

234 Under Darwinian selection, the evolution of cooperation is a c

235 of which have evolved rapidly under positive Darwinian selection-little is known about the ecological

236 r adaptation and therapeutic failure through Darwinian selection.

237 ximum likelihood analysis detecting positive Darwinian selection.

238 os (d(N)/d(S)) over 1 indicative of positive Darwinian selection.

239 omplex phenotype that is a direct measure of Darwinian selection.

240 recognition proteins, evolve under positive darwinian selection.

241 h parallel amino acid replacements driven by darwinian selection.

242 also be substantially influenced by positive Darwinian selection.

243 this divergence is often driven by positive Darwinian selection.

244 of carnivorous plants is caused by positive Darwinian selection.

245 onal differentiation as a result of positive Darwinian selection.

246 , are known to evolve rapidly under positive Darwinian selection.

247 stitutions, which is a signature of positive Darwinian selection.

248 esting that APOBEC3G has been under positive Darwinian selection.

249 d and the DM domain is likely under positive Darwinian selection.

250 one, sperm lysin evolves rapidly by positive Darwinian selection.

251 ptor for lysin has been promoted by positive Darwinian selection.

252 sistent with their being targets of positive Darwinian selection.

253 fferences between species driven by positive Darwinian selection.

254 divergence has been accelerated by positive Darwinian selection.

255 ivergence is adaptive and driven by positive Darwinian selection.

256 because of a lack of constraints or positive Darwinian selection.

257 these genes have been subjected to positive Darwinian selection.

258 ito cell passage series, suggesting positive Darwinian selection.

259 Lysin evolves rapidly by positive Darwinian selection.

260 These observations strongly support positive Darwinian selection.

261 vergence which has been promoted by positive Darwinian selection.

262 including cancer and evolution of species on Darwinian selection.

263 lso identified 273 mutations that were under Darwinian selection.

264 unctional constraints, and possibly positive Darwinian selection.

265 pockets, were subjected to intense positive Darwinian selection; and (iii) the second Ao gene likely

266 is not necessarily an indication of positive darwinian selection; relaxation of negative selection is

267 to two subclusters (A and B), with positive (Darwinian) selection (dN/dS > 1.0) and an elevated rate

268 sts that it has been the target of positive (Darwinian) selection during recent human evolution.

269 ibonuclease cluster is promoted by positive (Darwinian) selection.

270 Statistical evidence for positive Darwinian selective pressure against an immunodominant e

271 population fragmentation to produce a strong Darwinian selective pressure that drives forward the rap

272 Extinction may be constructive in a Darwinian sense or it may only perturb the system by eli

273 odels of RNA replication within a primordial Darwinian soup, the origins of homochirality and homochi

274 kers in evolutionary biology of the post neo-Darwinian synthesis age.

275 s publication of The Origin, through the neo-Darwinian synthesis, to the present day, the observation

276 ndation of modern genetic theory and the neo-Darwinian synthesis.

277 cies virus populations are compatible with a Darwinian system evolving under the constraints of natur

278 However, to realize a true Darwinian system, the template-copying chemistry must be

279 nd thereby provide a molecular basis for neo-Darwinian theories that describe this nongradualist phen

280 and subsequent divergence is consistent with Darwinian theory of selection and adaptation, and the te

281 Darwinian theory requires that mutations be produced in

282 f widely accepted laws or principles, as in "Darwinian theory" or "quantum theory," and to suggest a

283 In neo-Darwinian theory, adaptation results from a response to

284 According to Darwinian theory, complexity evolves by a stepwise proce

285 logist of Illinois and an early proponent of Darwinian theory.

286 ed, and they may also be better supported by Darwinian theory.

287 a are often based on typological rather than Darwinian thinking, raising important issues about the q

288 This critical point is called the "Darwinian Threshold" for the reasons given.

289 proliferation rates, which drive relapse by Darwinian-type clonal evolution.

290 The classic neo-darwinian view postulates that species differences resul

291 This contrasts with neo-Darwinian views of genetic change rates blind to environ