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   1 could be impaired by knockdown of p130CAS or ERK5.                                                   
     2 -a phenomenon fully reversible by activating ERK5.                                                   
     3 dent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5.                                                   
     4 -7 signaling leads to the phosphorylation of ERK5.                                                   
     5  but not by the inhibition of ERK1/2 or BMK1/ERK5.                                                   
     6 oire of physiological substrates of mTOR and ERK5.                                                   
     7  (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma, p38delta) and ERK5.                                                   
     8 docking site required for MEK5 activation of ERK5.                                                   
     9  the PDE3A/ICER feedback loop via activating ERK5.                                                   
    10 a mechanism that promotes activation of MAPK ERK5.                                                   
    11 MEK5, which activates the related MAP kinase ERK5.                                                   
    12 tes extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a MAP kinase that is specifically expressed in th
    13 hat extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 
    14 hat extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinases
    15 APK extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a protein kinase known to be exquisitely sensitiv
  
  
    18 P not only stimulated prosurvival ERK1/2 and ERK5 activation but also abrogated SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK
    19 reventing the feedback loop of PDE3A/ICER by ERK5 activation could inhibit progression of myocyte apo
  
    21 w that PKCzeta is essential for Gq-dependent ERK5 activation in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblast
    22  To determine the physiological relevance of ERK5 activation in regulating PDE3A/ICER feedback loop, 
  
    24 eam signaling driven by BDNF/TrkB, including ERK5 activation, and CREB-dependent gene regulation.    
  
  
  
  
  
    30 all, our results suggest that TRAF1 mediates ERK5 activity by regulating the upstream effectors of ER
  
  
    33 le of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK5, an MAPK and specific substrate for MEK5) in prosta
    34  cells, CCM2 deletion leads to activation of ERK5 and a transcriptional program that are downstream o
  
    36 vity by regulating the upstream effectors of ERK5 and also by modulating its ubiquitination status.  
  
  
  
    40 receptors and upstream of Rac, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 and establish the ErbB-Brk-Rac-p38 MAPK pathway as 
  
  
  
    44 reover, neurotrophins including NT3 activate ERK5 and stimulate neuronal differentiation in aNPCs in 
    45   We present evidence that platelets express ERK5 and that platelet ERK5 has an adverse effect on pla
  
  
  
  
  
    51 own to affect MEK5, an upstream activator of ERK5, another class of MAPK with homology to ERK1/2.    
    52 , which differentially activate JNK, p38 and ERK5, are necessary for xenograft tumor growth and metas
  
  
  
  
    57 lts offer a preclinical proof of concept for ERK5 as a target to enhance T-cell infiltrates in prosta
    58 ction, suggesting the maintenance of cardiac ERK5 as a therapeutic approach for cardiomyopathy preven
  
  
    61 suggesting that p90RSK and CHIP competes for ERK5 binding and that p90RSK activation is critical for 
    62  Ectopic expression of constitutively active Erk5 blocks endothelial cell morphogenesis and causes HI
  
  
    65 flow and suggest that SUMOylation of p53 and ERK5 by disturbed flow contributes to the atheroscleroti
  
    67 nt (aa 101-200) of CHIP and the depletion of ERK5 by siRNA inhibited CHIP Ub ligase activity, which s
  
    69 e that ablating the growth regulatory kinase Erk5 can increase T-cell infiltration in an established 
  
  
  
    73  ICER as a novel CHIP substrate and that the ERK5-CHIP complex plays an obligatory role in inhibition
    74 ulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was mediated by ERK5-CHIP signal module via inducible cAMP early repress
  
    76 RSK or an ERK5 fragment (aa571-807) inhibits ERK5/CHIP association, suggesting that p90RSK and CHIP c
  
  
  
    80 t cardiac-specific deletion of Erk5 in mice (Erk5-CKO) leads to dampened cardiac contractility and mi
    81 role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK)/ERK5 complex in EC dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and 
  
  
  
  
  
  
    88 dition of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 to ERK5-deficient cells expressing v-Src led to cellular ex
  
    90 ent were found to be ERK1/2 independent, and Erk5 deletion had no obvious effect on embryonic PNS.   
  
  
  
    94 possible link between SUMOylation of p53 and ERK5 detected during endothelial apoptosis and inflammat
  
    96 and that the SUMOylation defective mutant of ERK5, dominant negative form of Ubc9 (DN-Ubc9), and smal
  
    98 ively, these results reveal a novel role for Erk5 during bone maturation and homeostasis in vivo.    
  
  
   101 l ERK5 in atherosclerosis, we used inducible ERK5-EKO-LDLR(-/-) mice and observed increased plaque fo
  
   103 enes were increased in parallel with reduced Erk5 expression in cultures generated from Erk5 (fl/fl) 
   104 iated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated restoration of Erk5 expression in Erk5-CKO hearts prevents cardiomyopat
  
   106 phenotype of spinal protrusion in Nkx3.1:Cre;Erk5 (fl/fl) (Erk5 (fl/fl)) mice by  6-8 weeks of age.  
   107  formation parameters were increased in male Erk5 (fl/fl) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates
  
   109 analyses showed that 100% of male and female Erk5 (fl/fl) mice had a severely deformed curved thoraci
  
  
   112 ling from CCR7, we examined the migration of ERK5(flox/flox)/Lck-Cre murine T cells to EDG-1 ligands.
   113 n to EDG-1 ligands at 48 h, the migration of ERK5(flox/flox)/Lck-Cre T cells remained at a basal leve
   114 , and extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5) form a ternary complex through interactions involv
  
  
   117 st, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) function is required for endothelial cell homeosta
  
   119 , we report that conditional deletion of the erk5 gene in mouse neural stem cells during development 
   120 hat platelets express ERK5 and that platelet ERK5 has an adverse effect on platelet activation via se
  
   122 acellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) has been implicated during development and carcino
   123 d MAP kinase pathways, ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and ERK5, have been implicated in different aspects of cardi
  
  
  
  
  
  
   130 e present evidence that shRNA suppression of ERK5 in adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (
  
  
  
   134 this, we showed that conditional deletion of ERK5 in B cells led to a pronounced global reduction in 
  
   136 wever, the role and regulatory mechanisms of ERK5 in EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis are poorly un
   137 Prior studies suggest a protective effect of ERK5 in endothelial and myocardial cells after ischemia.
  
   139 at Gp91phox activation of calpain-1 degrades Erk5 in free fatty acid (FFA)-stressed cardiomyocytes, w
  
   141 , suggesting a critical role for endothelial ERK5 in mediating the salutary effects of fluoromethyl k
   142 models and that cardiac-specific deletion of Erk5 in mice (Erk5-CKO) leads to dampened cardiac contra
   143 se to oxLDL and targeted genetic deletion of ERK5 in murine platelets prevented oxLDL-induced platele
  
   145 RK1/2), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and ERK5 in response to receptor tyrosine kinases and GTPase
  
  
   148  of the stimulus-dependent MAPKs, ERK1/2 and ERK5, in DRG, motor neuron, and Schwann cell development
   149 at deletion of ERK5 in adipose depots (adipo-ERK5(-/-)) increases adiposity, in part, due to increase
  
  
  
   153      These findings suggest that maintaining Erk5 integrity has therapeutic potential for treating me
  
   155 dial infarction (MI), we found that platelet ERK5 is activated post-MI and that platelet-specific ERK
   156 llular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), ERK5 is constitutively activated in Src-transformed fibr
  
  
  
   160    Extracellular regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase family membe
   161     Extracellular-signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is activated by steady laminar flow and regulates 
   162 acellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (Erk5) is lost in the hearts of obese/diabetic animal mod
   163 ned the X-ray crystal structure of the human ERK5 kinase domain in complex with a highly specific ben
   164    We propose that up-regulation of CD59 via ERK5/KLF2 activation leads to endothelial resistance to 
  
  
  
   168 et causes calpain-1-dependent degradation of ERK5 leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting th
   169 A subgroup of patients showed strong nuclear ERK5 localization, which correlated with poor disease-sp
   170 ed cardiomyocytes, whereas the prevention of Erk5 loss by blocking Gp91phox or calpain-1 rescues mito
   171 tivator in ischemic conditions, and platelet ERK5 maintains the expression of some platelet proteins 
  
   173 r study reveals a critical role for the MEK5-ERK5 MAP kinase signaling pathway in BAFF-induced mature
  
  
  
  
   178 causes the activation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and ERK5 MAPKs and AP1 and SP1, which stimulate the expressi
  
   180 ermore, our data suggest a critical role for ERK5-mediated adult neurogenesis in pattern separation, 
   181 vestigate whether p90RSK activation inhibits ERK5-mediated CHIP activation, and subsequently increase
   182 E3A downregulation and ICER upregulation via ERK5/MEF2 activation, and also inhibited isoproterenol-i
   183 in response to activation of a Trk-dependent ERK5/MEF2 pathway, and our data indicate that this pathw
  
  
   186 activated post-MI and that platelet-specific ERK5(-/-) mice have less platelet activation, reduced MI
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   194 tudy highlights the importance of the p90RSK/ERK5 module as a critical mediator of EC dysfunction in 
  
  
  
   198 -mediated reduction of shear stress-mediated ERK5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity,
   199 ion of ERK5, providing a direct link between ERK5, NFkappaB, and regulation of G2-M progression.     
  
   201 re and after hormone relapse, n=26) revealed ERK5 nuclear expression was significantly associated wit
   202 nstructs in PC3 cells results in predominant ERK5 nuclear localization, similar to that observed in a
   203 arrow transplantation from platelet-specific ERK5 null mice into hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E null
  
  
   206 F1 expression enhances the ubiquitination of ERK5 on lysine 184, which is necessary for its kinase ac
   207 n vivo, either cardiac-specific depletion of ERK5 or overexpression of p90RSK inhibits CHIP activity 
   208 observed in aggressive clinical disease; (2) ERK5-overexpressing PC3 cells have enhanced proliferativ
  
   210 uces CGN apoptosis by repressing unique MEK5/ERK5, p90Rsk, and Akt-dependent prosurvival pathways, ul
   211 d inhibition of Rac suppresses distinct MEK5/ERK5, p90Rsk, and Akt-dependent signaling cascades known
  
   213 maintenance, and they also pinpoint the Bmk1/Erk5 pathway as a critical mediator of endothelial Pak2 
   214 KCzeta is required for the activation of the ERK5 pathway by Gq-coupled GPCR in neonatal and adult mu
  
  
   217 ndependent cell growth, the role of the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in the progression of clinical breast carci
   218 ustrate the critical involvement of the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in thymocyte development distinct from that
   219 (PKCzeta), leading to the stimulation of the ERK5 pathway independent of the canonical effector PLCbe
   220 crophage (BMDM) cultures with small molecule ERK5 pathway inhibitors increased osteoclast numbers.   
   221 en together, our findings show that the MEK5-ERK5 pathway mediates progression to an ER(-), mesenchym
  
   223 hese mice fail to promote the changes in the ERK5 pathway, in gene expression patterns, and in hypert
  
  
  
  
  
  
   230 s in this Galphaq region completely abrogate ERK5 phosphorylation, indicating that Galphaq/PKCzeta as
   231 ced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5 (ERK5) phosphorylation and the expression of AP-1 family 
  
  
   234    In addition, phosphorylation of NFATc4 by ERK5 primes subsequent phosphorylation mediated by CK1al
  
   236 tive MEK5, an upstream activating kinase for ERK5, promotes neurogenesis in cultured aNPCs and in the
   237 oubly mutant in prostate tissue for Pten and Erk5 (prostate DKO) exhibited a markedly increased media
  
  
   240 itosis induced by constitutive activation of ERK5, providing a direct link between ERK5, NFkappaB, an
   241    Furthermore, the expression of downstream ERK5-regulated proteins is reduced in ERK5(-/-) platelet
  
  
  
   245  In addition, p90RSK directly phosphorylated ERK5 S496 and reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase 
  
  
   248 horylated by p90RSK and demonstrated that an ERK5-S496A mutant significantly impairs Angiotensin II-m
  
  
  
  
   253  membrane and suggests that the PTK6-p130CAS-ERK5 signaling cascade plays an important role in cancer
   254 st a previously uncharacterized function for ERK5 signaling during brain development and raise the in
   255  determine the cellular effect of disrupting ERK5 signaling from CCR7, we examined the migration of E
   256  transcription factor target of p38 MAPK and ERK5 signaling is also sensitive to altered Brk expressi
   257 imulate proliferation of SMCs through a MEK5-ERK5 signaling pathway that can be suppressed by a domin
  
   259 y contrast, ectopic activation of endogenous ERK5 signaling via expression of constitutive active MEK
   260 that abates TGF-beta signalling and enhances ERK5 signalling may be useful to counteract endothelial 
   261 y activation and that shear stress activates ERK5 signalling while attenuating TGF-beta signalling.  
  
   263 nducible and conditional knock-out (icKO) of erk5 specifically in neural progenitors of the adult mou
   264 nally, inducible and conditional deletion of ERK5 specifically in the neurogenic regions of the adult
  
  
  
  
  
   270 e role of the disturbed flow-induced p53 and ERK5 SUMOylation, we used de-SUMOylation enzyme of sentr
  
  
   273      To investigate the pathological role of ERK5-SUMOylation in DM mice after MI, we used cardiac sp
   274 e current study, we investigated the role of ERK5-SUMOylation in ERK5 transcriptional activity as wel
   275 e form of MEK5alpha (CA-MEK5alpha) inhibited ERK5-SUMOylation independent of kinase activity, but dep
  
   277  2 well-known mediators of diabetes, induced ERK5-SUMOylation, and the K6R/K22R mutant, dominant nega
  
  
  
   281 eting tumor-associated inflammation via anti-ERK5 therapy may have broad implications for the treatme
   282 s show that PKCzeta binds and phosphorylates ERK5, thereby decreasing eNOS protein stability and cont
   283 that d-flow increases SUMOylation of p53 and ERK5 through downregulation of sentrin/SUMO-specific pro
   284 d, PKCzeta was demonstrated to directly bind ERK5 thus acting as a scaffold between Galphaq and ERK5 
   285  mediators of diabetes, negatively regulated ERK5 transcriptional activity and laminar flow-induced e
   286 ed with ERK5, and this association inhibited ERK5 transcriptional activity and upregulated vascular c
   287 investigated the role of ERK5-SUMOylation in ERK5 transcriptional activity as well as on DM-mediated 
   288 NA-PIAS1 reversed H2O2-mediated reduction of ERK5 transcriptional activity in cardiomyocytes, indicat
  
  
   291 e data clearly defined SUMOylation-dependent ERK5 transcriptional repression independent of kinase ac
  
  
  
  
  
  
   298 er, these results demonstrate integration of ERK5 with NFATc4 nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and PKA ac
  
  
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