ライフサイエンスコーパス: Fd

1 Fd, a related bacteriophage of Escherichia coli, has sim

2 Fd-GOGAT is a chloroplastic enzyme responsible for the r

3 Fd-OCT is a promising potential alternative modality to

4 mAb subunits of approximately 25 kDa: Fc/2, Fd', and LC.

5 the paramagnetic oxidized cluster of Pf 3Fe Fd with an intact disulfide bond reported previously are

6 emperature behavior for the forms of the 3Fe Fd with alternate disulfide orientations have been analy

7 ger forms of pFNRII bound more strongly to a Fd affinity column than did the shorter forms, pFNRII(IS

8 n a pFNRII protein which failed to bind to a Fd column.

9 d between oxidized mNT and apo-ferredoxin (a-Fd) using UV-VIS spectroscopy and native-PAGE, as well a

10 ibits transfer of the [2Fe-2S] clusters to a-Fd.

11 ure of the reduced form of the 98-amino acid Fd domain determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

12 giving new evidence of labor division among Fd isoforms.

13 An Fd-OCT instrument with axial resolution of 4 to 4.5 micr

14 ferredoxin (Fd), thioredoxins (Trxs), and an Fd-dependent Trx reductase (FTR), the Fd-FTR-Trxs system

15 Our results demonstrate that an Fd-based intracellular binding protein can find and disa

16 tion 95a, were combined individually with an Fd region known to generate a Hib PS-combining site when

17 he N-terminal amino acids of the L chain and Fd remained unchanged, and a random HCDR3 library built

18 The library contained random L chains, and Fd segments enriched in VH domains encoded by the VHX24

19 een the FNR charge-reversal mutant E139K and Fd at 12 mM ionic strength (mu) is extremely impaired re

20 nts from stratigraphic units G1, Fd/d+G1 and Fd/d, Fd.

21 nt physiological role for the NADH-GOGAT and Fd-GOGAT gene products.

22 NiR), indicating the genes encoding GSII and Fd-NiR in these prasinophytes evolved via vertical trans

23 tible with the idea that C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II accept 2 electrons upon reduction.

24 C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II are novel 2[4Fe-4S] Fds, which were shown previous

25 results suggest that the C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II polypeptides each contain two bound [4Fe-4S] clust

26 The reduction potentials of Fd I and Fd II were determined by cyclic voltammetry to be -514 a

27 Two distinct ferredoxins, Fd I and Fd II, were isolated and purified to homogeneity from ph

28 ny change in binding affinity of the ISU and Fd proteins.

29 rite reductase, Fd:NADP+ oxidoreductase, and Fd:thioredoxin reductase.

30 ier for two oxidoreductases from Pf, POR and Fd:NADP oxidoreductase, and the POR holoenzyme displayed

31 tron flow between mutant pFNRII proteins and Fd, showed there was a variation in k(obs) from 76 to 26

32 Thus, the NTRC, 2-Cys Prxs, and Fd-FTR-Trxs redox systems may act concertedly, but the n

33 oxidation-derived redox pair, DsrC(red) and Fd(red), relative to the Qmo-MQ-Qrc (quinone-interacting

34 these domains induced potent anti-IZ or anti-Fd antibody responses in animals when fused to an HIV-1

35 AP7 Fd (VH domain + Cgamma1 domain) segments containing thes

36 does not promote cluster transfer to an apo Fd target.

37 wild-type Hs ISU cluster transfer to Hs apo Fd, k(2) approximately 540 M(-1) min(-1), relative 56 M(

38 o be independent of the concentration of apo Fd over the range of 1-25 microM.

39 change in the affinity of binding to the apo Fd since k(2) was found to be independent of the concent

40 ermined for cluster transfer from ISU to apo Fd for both Homo sapiens and Schizosaccharomyces pombe p

41 Fe-S cluster transfer from holo IscU to apo Fd in the presence of chaperone DnaK demonstrate an inhi

42 Cluster transfer from ISU1 to apo Fd is demonstrated: the first example of transfer from a

43 s rate constants for cluster transfer to apo Fd targets from Homo sapiens and S. pombe demonstrated t

44 rate of iron-sulfur cluster transfer to apo Fd.

45 sites for binding of holo ISA and ISU to apo Fd.

46 er from Schizosaccharomyces pombe ISA to apo Fd.

47 noglobulin heavy chain gene and displayed as Fd coat protein fusion constructs of M13 phage.

48 ansporter 1, and CTBP2 label foveal cones at Fd 88 and cones at the retinal edge around birth.

49 A foveal pit begins to form at Fd 135 in the center of the foveal avascular zone which

50 es and rod opsin in rods around the fovea at Fd 100.

51 odified version of filamentous bacteriophage Fd that produces significantly higher colorimetric signa

52 accounts for most of the difference between Fd and HiPIP reduction potentials.

53 affected and where complex formation between Fd and the enzyme prevented the inhibition by either rea

54 nteraction and the electron transfer between Fd and FNOR.

55 At birth (Fd 144) the fovea has a single layer of cones over the p

56 cein angiography was detected in all eyes by Fd-OCT.

57 tion of a lysine, K436, that is protected by Fd against labeling.

58 inines, R375 and R556, that are protected by Fd against labeling.

59 es with recombinant baculoviruses containing Fd and AP7 kappa chain cDNA.

60 om stratigraphic units G1, Fd/d+G1 and Fd/d, Fd.

61 ferredoxin from Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf D14C Fd).

62 The incipient fovea is present at fetal day (Fd) 100 as the only part of the retina that contains fiv

63 s and wholemounts of retinas from fetal day (Fd) 65 to adult animals were analyzed immunohistochemica

64 cones across 70% of the retina at fetal day (Fd) 88, indicating that it is expressed shortly after ph

65 nas from Macaca monkeys from ages fetal day (Fd) 89 through adulthood were double labeled using immun

66 s generated first in the fovea at fetal day (Fd)70-74 and with the last generated at the retinal edge

67 e resulted in a pFNRII enzyme with decreased Fd affinity.

68 the fluorescence difference signal DeltaFd (Fd = F500 - F400).

69 Frequency-domain (Fd)OCT line scans were obtained from seven patients with

70 contrasts with GLU1, the major gene encoding Fd-GOGAT, which is most highly expressed in leaves and i

71 Ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin:NADP(+) reductase (FNR) from Anabaena

72 Ferredoxin (Fd) is the major iron-containing protein in photosynthet

73 the ability of reduced [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (Fd) to act as a catalytically competent electron donor d

74 with reduced plant-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (Fd).

75 D-containing flavin domain and a ferredoxin (Fd) domain carrying a [2Fe-2S] cofactor.

76 iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) and ferredoxin (Fd) active sites.

77 ted RapJ and RapN, an associated ferredoxin (Fd) RapO, and three potential SAM-dependent O-methyltran

78 of the [2Fe-2S] vegetative cell ferredoxin (Fd) from Anabaena PCC 7120, each of which has a cluster

79 hree-iron, single cubane cluster ferredoxin (Fd) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furio

80 The single cubane cluster ferredoxin (Fd) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furio

81 studied [Fe4S4] model complexes, ferredoxin (Fd), and to new data on high-potential iron-sulfur prote

82 he physiological electron donor, ferredoxin (Fd), most favorably interacts with this cluster.

83 Pyrococcus furiosus ferredoxin (Fd) contains a single [Fe(4)S(4)] cluster coordinated by

84 l electron acceptor, P. furiosus ferredoxin (Fd), has been established from an FOR-Fd cocrystal struc

85 e of the paramagnetic, four-iron ferredoxin (Fd) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus lit

86 Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) leaf ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent nitrite reductase was treated with either

87 educed by the plastid-localized, ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent enzyme P Phi B synthase to yield 3Z-P Phi

88 CO2, coupled to the reduction of ferredoxin (Fd).

89 radient regulation-like1 (PGRL1) ferredoxin (Fd) pathway, involved in recycling excess reductant to i

90 kely functions as proton-pumping ferredoxin (Fd): type-I cytochrome c oxidoreductase, which transitio

91 otein (e.g., CODH/ACS or reduced ferredoxin (Fd)) to the FeS cluster which then directs electrons to

92 es on photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin (Fd), thioredoxins (Trxs), and an Fd-dependent Trx reduct

93 l truncation on interaction with ferredoxin (Fd), recombinant pFNRII proteins, differing by deletions

94 Ferredoxin, Fd, is often deficient in metronidazole-resistant strain

95 s from NADPH to hydrogenase via ferredoxins (Fd).

96 Two distinct ferredoxins, Fd I and Fd II, were isolated and purified to homogeneit

97 Z) and the T4 bacteriophage fibritin foldon (Fd) trimerization domains.

98 ontrast, uncleaved, histidine-tagged Foldon (Fd) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His),

99 Arabidopsis contains two expressed genes for Fd-GOGAT (GLU1 and GLU2).

100 a mutation in only one of the two genes for Fd-GOGAT leads to a photorespiratory phenotype in the gl

101 tion K56A/K60A decreased the k(cat)/K(M) for Fd by 250-fold, whereas the triple mutation K56A/K60A/K2

102 30A on Delta9D decreased the k(cat)/K(M) for Fd by 4-, 22-, and 2400-fold, respectively, as compared

103 56A/K60A/K230A decreased the k(cat)/K(M) for Fd by at least 700 000-fold.

104 light of the presently available models for Fd-mediated electron transfer in Delta9D and other prote

105 ite to the significant increase observed for Fd, where the [Fe4S4] cluster is solvent exposed.

106 ent Km = 1.0 microM at 80 degreesC) than for Fd (apparent Km = 4.4 microM).

107 doxin (Fd), has been established from an FOR-Fd cocrystal structure.

108 mide revealed that carboxylate residues from Fd and lysine residues from Delta9D contribute to cross-

109 bilizing interactions in Pyrococcus furiosus Fd, however, lead to strong destabilization of the disul

110 hic bone points from stratigraphic units G1, Fd/d+G1 and Fd/d, Fd.

111 abine, busulfan, and antithymocyte globulin (Fd/Bu/ATG) was associated with the lowest TRM of 11.6% (

112 are abundant in uncleaved CZA97.012 gp140UNC-Fd-His proteins but very rare in native-like trimer popu

113 ) domain-containing gp140 proteins (gp140UNC-Fd-His), based on the same env genes, very rarely form n

114 in ordinary cubic (c-) diamond (space group: Fd-3m).

115 (X), supports the F(X) --> F(A) --> F(B) --> Fd sequence of electron transfer on the acceptor side of

116 Cross-linking of holo ISU1 with holo Fd is consistent with a role for redox chemistry in clus

117 k(2) approximately 169 M(-1) min(-1) for Hs Fd).

118 covalency is much lower in natively hydrated Fd active sites than in HiPIPs but increases upon water

119 e S K-edge XAS of the protein ferredoxin II (Fd II) from the D. gigas active site shows a decrease in

120 the characterization of mutants deficient in Fd-GOGAT enzyme activity (gls).

121 f the activity of hydrogenosomal proteins in Fd KO cells show a fourfold increase in hydrogenase acti

122 aK reduces the rate of formation of the IscU-Fd complex (greater than 8-fold), but has little influen

123 analysis of these ferredoxins by localizing Fd, Fdx2, Fdx3, and Fdx6 to the chloroplast by using iso

124 ain-switched Fab fragment containing the M77 Fd fragment and a different light chain was able to reco

125 urements; and (2) that an alternative, minor Fd isoform has been overexpressed in plants, giving new

126 In the mitochondria, Fd-GOGAT interacts physically with SHMT1, and this inter

127 one found here for M. capsulatus (Bath) MMOR-Fd.

128 protein into its functional ferredoxin (MMOR-Fd) and FAD/NADH (MMOR-FAD) component domains.

129 The 10.9 kDa MMOR-Fd (MMOR residues 1-98) and 27.6 kDa MMOR-FAD (MMOR resi

130 f MMOH and the [2Fe-2S] domain of MMOR (MMOR-Fd).

131 ther to explore the modularity of MMOR, MMOR-Fd and MMOR-FAD were connected in a non-native fashion.

132 close to one another on the surface of MMOR-Fd and >25 A from the [2Fe-2S] cluster.

133 forms cross-links to the side chains of MMOR-Fd residues Glu-56 and Glu-91.

134 transfer from MMOR-FAD(hq) to oxidized MMOR-Fd is extremely slow (k = 1500 M(-1) s(-1) at 25 degrees

135 rved in those cells expressing a non-mutated Fd (UMHC) or in IPTG-treated non-transduced V79 cells.

136 irectly involved in electrostatic binding of Fd to the enzyme.

137 ps on Fd may situate the [2Fe-2S] cluster of Fd closer to W62, a surface residue that is structurally

138 A library of Fd fragment antibody binding proteins was created by ran

139 and immunoblot analyses confirm the loss of Fd mRNA and protein in pKO-FD-NEO cells.

140 so measured the midpoint redox potentials of Fd and Fdx2 and determined the kinetic parameters of the

141 The reduction potentials of Fd I and Fd II were determined by cyclic voltammetry to

142 rogen production kinetics in the presence of Fd, ferredoxin:NADP(+)-oxidoreductase (FNR), and NADP(+)

143 m of oxidized Fd I closely resembled that of Fd II; however, both spectra appeared to be unique relat

144 A K(m) for spinach (Spinacea oleracea) Fd was determined to be 3 to 4 microM.

145 ated with growth pattern and size of CNVM on Fd-OCT, with correlation being stronger for classic lesi

146 en K56 and K60 and the carboxylate groups on Fd may situate the [2Fe-2S] cluster of Fd closer to W62,

147 giographic CNVM size correlated with size on Fd-OCT but correlation was better for classic CNVM (clas

148 echanism that does not require either PFO or Fd for metronidazole activation.

149 s indicated that the CD spectrum of oxidized Fd I closely resembled that of Fd II; however, both spec

150 ng illumination confirmed that the minor pea Fd isoform promotes enhanced cyclic flow around photosys

151 All Pf Fd forms with an intact disulfide bond exhibit a dynamic

152 are found in other hyperthermostable Fds, Pf Fd has two elements, the long helix and the triple-stran

153 n a longer helix and larger beta-sheet in Pf Fd, relative to other hyperthermostable Fds, more likely

154 clusters in wild-type and mutant forms of Pf Fd with Asp, Ser, Cys, Val, His, Asn, and Tyr residues o

155 RecPOR-delta replaced Pf Fd as an in vitro electron carrier for two oxidoreductas

156 may be relevant to electron transfer with Pf Fd partners.

157 Here, we show that PGR5/PGRL1-Fd CEF functions in accordance with an ATP/redox control

158 ogether, our results suggest that PGR5/PGRL1-Fd CEF is most required under conditions when Fd becomes

159 natural carbohydrate decorated form of PSM (Fd-PSM) containing 40% of the core 1 blood group type A

160 ctase, which transitions to a proton-pumping Fd(red): nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) oxid

161 at the structural alternations in Pyrococcus Fd relative to other hyperthermostable Fds are not to in

162 Hdr-Flox-1 is postulated to recycle Fd(red) via a flavin-based electron bifurcation involvin

163 Reduced Fd does not readily reduce ISU-bound [2Fe-2S](2+) and do

164 order of addition for substrate and reduced Fd showed high conversion of 18:0-ACP to 18:1-ACP (appro

165 enzyme-substrate complex with excess reduced Fd, a slower, linear rate (k(obsd) = 3.4 s(-1)) of produ

166 t rates of direct electron loss from reduced Fd to O2 However, this loss does not interfere with meas

167 say uses dithionite (DTH) to provide reduced Fd.

168 a a collisional interaction with the reduced Fd present in the unreactive complex.

169 er) when 18:0-ACP was added prior to reduced Fd.

170 idized enzyme-substrate complex with reduced Fd were studied by rapid-mix and chemical quench methods

171 for ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase (Fd-NiR), indicating the genes encoding GSII and Fd-NiR i

172 eracting proteins, namely nitrite reductase, Fd:NADP+ oxidoreductase, and Fd:thioredoxin reductase.

173 lier proposal that the structure of the same Fd with the R disulfide orientation resembles that of th

174 we overexpressed a minor pea (Pisum sativum) Fd isoform (PsFd1) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants

175 Despite genetic evidence for a single Fd-GOGAT locus and gene, we discovered that Arabidopsis

176 k(2) approximately 170 M(-1) min(-1) for Sp Fd and k(2) approximately 169 M(-1) min(-1) for Hs Fd).

177 other RIC regimen demonstrated superiority, Fd/Bu/ATG should be considered as baseline in future pro

178 Surprisingly, Fd KO cells are not resistant to metronidazole under aer

179 Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT) plays a major role in photorespiration in Arab

180 des Ferredoxin-dependent Glutamate Synthase (Fd-GOGAT).

181 here the rates differed for Hs and Sp target Fd's, suggesting distinct binding sites for binding of h

182 le, compatible with the idea that C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II accept 2 electrons upon reduction.

183 C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II are novel 2[4Fe-4S] Fds, which were shown

184 These results suggest that the C. tepidum Fd I and Fd II polypeptides each contain two bound [4Fe-

185 approximately 2.3-fold higher affinity than Fd II.

186 wo novel features of this work are: (1) that Fd levels achieved in transplastomic plants promote an a

187 Kinetic measurements indicated that Fd I had approximately 2.3-fold higher affinity than Fd

188 We show that Fd-GOGAT is dual targeted to the mitochondria and the ch

189 The Fd and FAD domains have absorbance spectral features ide

190 The Fd family is composed of several isoforms that share hig

191 region of the pFNRII protein in binding the Fd partner.

192 this construction, genomic DNA encoding the Fd fragment of humanized anti-Fc gammaRI mAb, H22, which

193 and an Fd-dependent Trx reductase (FTR), the Fd-FTR-Trxs system, which links redox regulation to ligh

194 elength-selective (S) opsin are found in the Fd 105 fovea.

195 ts were shown to contain the NEO gene in the Fd locus and to have completely lost the Fd gene.

196 he protein-protein interface involved in the Fd-Delta9D complex by the use of chemical cross-linking,

197 the Fd locus and to have completely lost the Fd gene.

198 imately 2.6 and approximately 2.0 kBp of the Fd 5' and 3' flanking regions (pKO-FD-NEO) was introduce

199 The binding of the Fd domain with the hydroxylase was investigated by NMR s

200 pombe demonstrated that the identity of the Fd is less critical for promoting cluster transfer from

201 disulfide orientation resembles that of the Fd upon cleaving the disulfide bond.

202 ess stable R disulfide resembles that of the Fd with a cleaved disulfide bond.

203 are present at these positions in all of the Fd-dependent nitrite reductase for which sequences are a

204 The critical residues on the Fd domain involved in this binding interaction map well

205 a specific intracellular target and once the Fd expression is repressed the activity of intracellular

206 5'-phosphate under conditions where only the Fd-binding affinity of the enzyme was affected and where

207 the parental strain, demonstrating that the Fd gene product eliminated in KO cells is neither necess

208 It is proposed that the Fd-FTR-Trx and NTRC redox systems are linked by the redo

209 mutations affected binding of pFNRII to the Fd column.

210 nd that the decreased et reactivity of these Fd mutants toward FNR may be due to small changes in the

211 Several minor structural adjustments in Tl Fd relative to other Fds, in addition to the third stran

212 he termini incorporates a third strand in Tl Fd.

213 Comparison of the structure of Tl Fd to those of mesophilic ferredoxins reveals that Tl Fd

214 s to the extraordinary thermostability of Tl Fd.

215 se of mesophilic ferredoxins reveals that Tl Fd possesses the same secondary structural elements, two

216 To analyze the sites which contribute to Fd binding at the pFNRII N-terminal, three mutants were

217 nities of SBA and VML for Tn-PSM relative to Fd-PSM indicate the importance of carbohydrate compositi

218 ctron donor to nitrite reductase relative to Fd.

219 Retinal length increases sharply up to Fd 135, but undergoes a quiescent period around birth du

220 equency domain optical coherence tomography (Fd-OCT) scans (Spectralis HRA+OCT; Heidelberg Engineerin

221 nit suggest that it evolved from an 8Fe-type Fd by the addition of approximately 40 residues at the N

222 ipapillary RNFL thickness was measured using Fd-OCT in 16 segments from 4 quadrants--temporal (316 de

223 d CEF is most required under conditions when Fd becomes overreduced and photosystem I is subjected to

224 To directly test whether Fd is essential for metronidazole susceptibility, gene r

225 and V(m) values in a coupled assay in which Fd was reduced by pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PO

226 in the formation of a catalytic complex with Fd.

227 ficantly impaired in its et interaction with Fd at low FNR concentrations and low mu values, the depe

228 , 2.7) and a trend to improved outcomes with Fd/Bu/ATG (RR, 0.58).

229 ickness of RNFL measurements on testing with Fd-OCT.

230 preciably less stable in solution than is wt Fd.

231 is not significantly altered from that of wt Fd (-384 mV), the potential of the C49S mutant (-329 mV)

232 the variants, the reduction potential of WT Fd makes it the most appropriate protein to both accept

233 mutant is virtually identical to that of wt Fd.

234 ct disulfide bond and to the 4Fe oxidized WT Fd (1H and 15N) with a cleaved disulfide bond.

235 ffer from each other and from wild-type (wt) Fd.