1 Gln-tRNA(Gln) is synthesized from Glu-tRNA(Gln) in most
2 tCAB as being able to form Asn-tRNA(Asn)
and Gln-tRNA(Gln), our data demonstrate that while the enzym
3 for the synthesis of both Asn-tRNA(Asn)
and Gln-tRNA(Gln).
4 h direct and indirect routes of Asn-tRNA
and Gln-tRNA formation.
5 RNA(Asn) and Glu-tRNA(Gln) into Asn-tRNA
and Gln-tRNA, respectively.
6 idotransferase to generate both Asn-tRNA
and Gln-tRNA.
7 ea and some bacteria synthesize Asn-tRNA
and Gln-tRNA.
8 Many bacteria
biosynthesize Gln-tRNA (Gln) and Asn-tRNA (Asn) by an indirect, two-st
9 ngle GatCAB enzyme required in vivo for
both Gln-tRNA(Gln) and Asn-tRNA(Asn) synthesis.
10 Moreover,
both Gln-tRNA and Asn-tRNA transamidation activities are pres
11 thermodynamic framework for two-step
cognate Gln-tRNA(Gln) synthesis demonstrates that the misacylati
12 ial elongation factor binding to the
cognate Gln-tRNA(Gln) together permit accurate protein synthesis
13 nthetase to form mitochondrial and
cytosolic Gln-tRNA.
14 Here, we show a similar complex
for Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation in Methanothermobacter thermauto
15 synthetases to synthesize Asn and GatCAB
for Gln-tRNA(Gln) synthesis, their AspRS enzymes were though
16 rases, each with its own activity, GatDE
for Gln-tRNA and GatCAB for Asn-tRNA synthesis.
17 dotransferase (encoded by gatD and gatE)
for Gln-tRNA formation.
18 e three domains use different mechanisms
for Gln-tRNA synthesis; as such, this is the only known step
19 ochondria use the transamidation pathway
for Gln-tRNA formation.
20 ts of an indirect aminoacylation pathway
for Gln-tRNA(Gln) biosynthesis in Plasmodium that we hypothe
21 /- 22 nM) sequesters the tRNA synthetase
for Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation, with GatDE reducing the affinit
22 GatCAB can be similarly used
for Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation.
23 Many bacteria
form Gln-tRNA(Gln) and Asn-tRNA(Asn) by conversion of the mis
24 ntly it was believed that most Bacteria
form Gln-tRNA(GLN) by the amidation of Glu-tRNA(GLN), only a
25 of the GatCAB amidotransferase, which
forms Gln-tRNA(Gln).
26 A-dependent glutamate modification
generates Gln-tRNA.
27 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase
generates Gln-tRNA(Gln) 10(7)-fold more efficiently than Glu-tRNA(
28 PCR analysis to identify which Bacteria
had Gln-tRNA synthetase, on the one hand, and which had the
29 Instead,
Gln-tRNA is formed via the transamidation pathway, the o
30 glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS);
instead,
Gln-tRNA(Gln) is produced via an indirect pathway: a glu
31 n) into Asn-tRNA(Asn) and Glu-tRNA(Gln)
into Gln-tRNA(Gln); (iv) the TonB receptors and ferric sidero
32 An exception
is Gln-tRNA synthesis, which in eukaryotes is catalyzed by
33 eukaryotic enzyme, whereas in other
kingdoms Gln-tRNA(Gln) is primarily synthesized by first forming
34 Organisms
lacking Gln-tRNA synthetase produce Gln-tRNA(Gln) from misacylat
35 ganelle and its involvement in
mitochondrial Gln-tRNA synthesis.
36 The absence
of Gln-tRNA synthetase in certain bacteria necessitates an
37 apparatus, including concerted evolution
of Gln-tRNA synthetase and Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase, an
38 same level as ATP, but without formation
of Gln-tRNA(Gln).
39 Measurements
of Gln-tRNA(Gln) interactions at the ribosome A-site show t
40 k the phylogenetically diverse mechanisms
of Gln-tRNA(Gln) synthesis.
41 s an alternate pathway for the production
of Gln-tRNA(Gln): misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) is transamidate
42 ive enzyme is rate-limiting for synthesis
of Gln-tRNA(Gln).
43 Asn-tRNA
or Gln-tRNA formation in most prokaryotes requires amidatio
44 f the two amide aminoacyl-tRNAs, Asn-tRNA
or Gln-tRNA, by transamidation of mischarged Asp-tRNA(Asn)
45 rganisms lacking Gln-tRNA synthetase
produce Gln-tRNA(Gln) from misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) through the
46 ts formation, is not stable through
product (
Gln-tRNA(Gln)) formation, and has no major effect on the
47 d intermediate to form the cognate
products,
Gln-tRNA(Gln) or Asn-tRNA(Asn).
48 S enzymes found in organisms that
synthesize Gln-tRNA(Gln) by an alternative pathway.
49 nancestor, used transamidation to
synthesize Gln-tRNA(Gln) and that both the Bacteria and the Archaea
50 These data show
that Gln-tRNA(Gln) biosynthesis in the Plasmodium apicoplast
51 ing Glu-tRNA(Gln), followed by conversion
to Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase.
52 recombinant GatAB converts Glu-tRNA(Gln)
to Gln-tRNA(Gln) in vitro.
53 amidotransferase to convert Glu-tRNA(Gln)
to Gln-tRNA(Gln) needed for protein synthesis.
54 and were unable to convert Glu-tRNA(Gln)
to Gln-tRNA(Gln) when glutamine was the amide donor.
55 n amidotransferase converts Glu-tRNA(Gln)
to Gln-tRNA(Gln).
56 amidotransferase to convert Glu-tRNA(Gln)
to Gln-tRNA(Gln).
57 However, the transamidation route
to Gln-tRNA formation is idled by the inability of the disc
58 erase GatDE converts this mischarged tRNA
to Gln-tRNA(Gln).
59 Archaea make glutaminyl-
tRNA (
Gln-tRNA(Gln)) in a two-step process; a non-discriminati
60 raginyl-tRNA (Asn-tRNA) and glutaminyl-
tRNA (
Gln-tRNA) are essential components of protein synthesis.
61 ver, a smaller number of aa-tRNAs (Asn-
tRNA,
Gln-tRNA, Cys-tRNA and Sec-tRNA) are made by synthesizin
62 The amide aminoacyl-
tRNAs,
Gln-tRNA(Gln) and Asn-tRNA(Asn), are formed in many bact