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   1                                              IDDM can be consistently induced and safely treated in j
     2                                              IDDM is a polygenic and autoimmune disorder in which sub
     3                                              IDDM is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which th
     4                                              IDDM patients treated with conventional subcutaneous ins
     5                                              IDDM results from a progressive loss of pancreatic beta-
     6                                              IDDM results from the destruction of pancreatic beta-cel
     7                                              IDDM susceptibility was restored in NODJg mu(null) mice 
     8                                              IDDM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injecti
  
  
    11  cells in NOD mice may result in accelerated IDDM; and 3) irradiated NOD-lpr/lpr mice are resistant t
  
  
  
  
    16 udy demonstrates coexistence of RA, AIT, and IDDM at higher than expected rates but reduced comorbidi
    17 ment with LTbetaR-Ig prevented insulitis and IDDM, suggesting that LT plays a critical role in the in
    18 l destruction, development of insulitis, and IDDM also depend on the cytokine INF-gamma, presumably t
  
    20 bjects, autoantibody-negative relatives, and IDDM patients, respectively, against the proinsulin pept
  
    22  proinsulin for healthy control subjects and IDDM patients, respectively, were as follows: 1 microg/m
    23 tivated state and rapidly mediate autoimmune IDDM development in the complete absence of CD4 T cell h
  
    25 ectively, these results show that autoimmune IDDM in NOD mice is initiated by MHC class I-dependent T
    26 th the GAD65-specific peptides did not block IDDM development in NOD mice deficient in IL-4 expressio
  
    28 er cross-reacting viruses that fail to cause IDDM could be mapped to point mutations in the CTL epito
    29 s susceptible to experimentally induced CIA, IDDM and ATD, and it has an SE in its MHC class II allel
    30 tricted beta cell autoreactive T cell clone, IDDM development was retarded by elimination of residual
    31 ntrol of the RIP in their beta cells develop IDDM after infection with LCMV and serve as a model for 
    32 Following LCMV infection, these mice develop IDDM, which depends on Db-restricted anti-self (viral) C
  
    34 P-BB) x WF backcross animals readily develop IDDM after treatment with polyinosinic:polycytidylic aci
  
    36 ed NOD.AI4alphabeta Tg) continued to develop IDDM at a greatly accelerated rate when residual CD4 hel
  
    38 e lpr mutation (NOD-lpr/lpr) fail to develop IDDM; 2) transgenic expression of Fas ligand (FasL) on b
  
  
  
    42 free of T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes (IDDM), due to non-MHC genes of C57BLKS/J (BKS) origin.  
  
  
  
    46 mined in 60 individuals with newly diagnosed IDDM (< or = 1 day from diagnosis) in 34 islet cell cyto
    47 (PBMC) from individuals with newly diagnosed IDDM or at varying levels of risk for the disease were s
  
    49  was significantly higher in newly diagnosed IDDM subjects (14 of 33 [42%]; 3.8+/-4.5 at 10 microg/ml
    50 sceptibility to the human autoimmune disease IDDM is strongly associated with those haplotypes of the
    51 ter understanding of a more common disorder, IDDM, and has allowed investigators to gain insights int
    52 ts a unique opportunity to identify dominant IDDM resistance determinants expressed at the beta cell 
  
  
  
  
  
  
    59 om nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for IDDM, are more sensitive to various forms of stimulation
  
    61 ody-positive relatives at increased risk for IDDM (6 of 9 [66%]; 3.9+/-3.2) compared with autoantibod
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    69 actions between viral infections and non-HLA IDDM candidate genes, including those that may determine
  
  
  
  
  
  
    76 ents treated by elective stent implantation, IDDM patients were at higher risk for in-hospital mortal
    77 edure) was significantly lower (p=0.0004) in IDDM (60%) compared with non-IDDM (70%) and nondiabetic 
    78  support the autoantigenic nature of IA-2 in IDDM and suggest the inclusion of cellular immune respon
  
    80 et lesion revascularization (TLR) was 28% in IDDM, significantly higher (p <0.05) compared with non-I
    81 ombosis did not differ among groups (0.9% in IDDM vs. 0% in non-IDDM and 0% in nondiabetics, p >0.1).
  
    83 2), which is a dominant protective allele in IDDM, exhibits the greatest SDS stability among HLA-DQ m
  
  
  
  
  
    89 itical mediators of beta-cell destruction in IDDM, we conclude that well regulated insulinoma cell li
  
  
    92 and thereby to test the importance of GAD in IDDM, we generated three lines transgenic for murine GAD
    93 nding of the prevailing role of HLA genes in IDDM pathogenesis and suggests opportunities to interven
    94  of the HLA class II susceptibility genes in IDDM suggests likely molecular mechanisms for several of
    95  suggest that: (1) depression of the HCVR in IDDM is associated with hyperglycemia and glycosylation 
    96 d decarboxylase (GAD) has been implicated in IDDM, there is no direct evidence showing GAD-reactive T
    97 ve previously shown that CET is increased in IDDM patients receiving conventional subcutaneous insuli
  
  
   100 ne the significance of cow's milk protein in IDDM, 120 NOD mice were maintained, starting from concep
  
   102  only treatment of mice with STZ resulted in IDDM and mimicked the effects observed following CB4 inf
  
  
  
  
   107 I) given as an adjunct to insulin therapy in IDDM, might improve glycaemic control in adolescents; we
  
  
  
  
  
   113 tment was sufficient to prevent LCMV-induced IDDM in rat insulin promoter-LCMV-glycoprotein transgeni
  
  
  
   117 e intervention protocols designed to inhibit IDDM by introduction of putatively protective MHC molecu
  
  
  
  
   122 proportional hazards model shows that longer IDDM duration, hypertension, poor glycemic control, heig
  
   124 ticular insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), share geneti
   125 nset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and may be critical to the pathogenic process.    
   126 le with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and renal failure to maintain a more normal lifest
   127 ns with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and those with islet autoantibodies at increased r
   128 oimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) because nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans wi
   129 ance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) but the immunologic mechanisms involved are not un
  
   131 ment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) caused by virus-induced pancreatic cell damage.   
  
   133 ts with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) had higher risk of cardiac death for any MPS resul
   134 sulin-dependent or Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been associated with an increased severity of 
   135 ype 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been studied extensively and the disorder has 
   136 oimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has focused on genes controlling immune functions,
   137 ype 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has shown that the disease is caused by a combinat
   138 agnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have autoantibodies to insulin, and the majority o
   139 ence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in adults, but the incidence of IDDM in pediatric 
   140 sustain insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.   
  
  
  
  
  
   146 oimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the NOD mouse model entails MHC class I-restric
   147 o cause insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in transgenic mice whose pancreatic beta cells exp
  
  
  
  
  
   153 lity to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is the insulin-linked polymorphic region (ILPR, al
  
  
   156 oimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) occurs spontaneously in mice-bearing transgenes en
  
   158 induces insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) resembling the final step of disease progression i
  
   160 trol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) to prevent complications may be difficult to achie
   161 abetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) in vivo without affecting systemic viral clearanc
   162 rved in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), although the cellular mechanism(s) of dysfunction
   163 esis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), an LTbeta receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein 
   164 IBD and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as a control disease, were identified by age 26 y
   165 tation in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-IDDM patients, and nondiabetic patients.     
   166 trolled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we used 13C-NMR spectroscopy to monitor the peak 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   180 abetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is a disease controlled by the major histocompatib
  
  
   183 marrow chimera analyses that Idd13 modulates IDDM development at the level of non-hematopoietically d
   184 , rat inflammatory arthritis, rat and murine IDDM, histamine sensitization, immunity to exogenous ant
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   192 sulin levels in 14 euglycemic normolipidemic IDDM PKT patients with near-normal kidney function (crea
  
   194 europathy affects the exercising capacity of IDDM patients, and whether regular, intense training has
   195 either the duration nor the complications of IDDM (i.e., nephropathy and hypertension) had an effect 
  
  
  
  
   200 erefore, the neutrophil chemotaxis defect of IDDM appears to be independent of these HLA-DR-associate
   201 aR-Ig treatment prevented the development of IDDM by diabetogenic T cells in an adoptive transfer mod
  
   203 bute to the understanding of the etiology of IDDM and may lead to the development of better strategie
  
   205  have delayed onset and reduced incidence of IDDM after adoptive transfer of diabetogenic NOD spleen 
  
   207 litus (IDDM) in adults, but the incidence of IDDM in pediatric renal transplant recipients treated wi
   208 g diets resulted in comparable incidences of IDDM in NOD mice, demonstrating that neither cow's milk 
   209 n the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of IDDM is thought to be a T-cell-mediated process due to a
   210  blood glucose levels in two mouse models of IDDM: (1) streptozotocin-induced diabetes in C57BL/6J mi
  
  
   213 her our understanding of the pathogenesis of IDDM and to further the development of novel modes to pr
  
   215 d lysis of beta cells in the pathogenesis of IDDM in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice includes: 1) Fas-de
  
  
  
  
  
   221  primary role of CB4 in the precipitation of IDDM is to damage tissue, causing release and presentati
  
  
  
  
  
  
   228 iolar vasodilation during the early stage of IDDM, changes that likely contribute to the etiology of 
  
   230  NKT cells between individuals, our study of IDDM patients and healthy controls, including discordant
  
  
  
  
  
   236 prevented progression of insulitis and overt IDDM in NOD mice exhibiting extensive beta cell autoimmu
  
   238 iabetic (NOD) mice and in turn prevent overt IDDM at different preclinical stages of disease developm
   239  effectively suppresses progression to overt IDDM, requires the production of IL-4, and is dependent 
  
   241  LCMV viral ("self") protein did not prevent IDDM, because no such regulatory cells were induced.    
  
  
  
  
  
   247  F1 female recipients of NOD marrow remained IDDM free; in contrast, all of the NOD recipients became
   248 le or no support was found for most reported IDDM loci (lods were less than 1), despite larger sample
   249 n insulin levels, LpL, and CET that resemble IDDM patients treated with conventional subcutaneous ins
  
  
   252 additional control macaques with spontaneous IDDM received the immunosuppressive protocol without isl
   253  the ability of PDL cells from long-standing IDDM patients to form mineralized tissue and to determin
  
  
  
  
   258 ll lines and PBL, the protein encoded by the IDDM-protective allele HLA-DQA1*0102/DQB1*0602 was the m
   259 ibody-negative first-degree relatives of the IDDM subjects, and in 28 autoantibody-negative control s
  
   261  of this Th2 cytokine does not represent the IDDM protective immunoregulatory process mediated by H2-
   262 er (Lt) mouse strain, closely related to the IDDM-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Lt strain, demonstrat
  
  
   265 To initially test whether they contribute to IDDM as APC, NOD B lymphocytes were transferred into NOD
   266 Hence, B lymphocytes appear to contribute to IDDM in NOD mice as APC with a preferential ability to p
   267 ly normal allelic variants may contribute to IDDM in NOD mice, the search for Idd genes in humans sho
  
  
  
  
  
  
   274 can improve HbA1c values in adolescents with IDDM without overt toxic effects, but they raise questio
  
  
   277 ay in which the HLA-DQ genes associated with IDDM bias the immunologic repertoire toward autoimmune s
   278 beta cell apoptosis has been associated with IDDM onset in both animal models and newly diagnosed dia
  
  
   281 nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans with IDDM are both reported to express severe deficiencies in
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   289  transplantation for nonuremic patients with IDDM has been controversial because of the less favorabl
   290 hortened TRF length of WBCs of patients with IDDM likely reflects a marked reduction in the TRF lengt
   291 PDL cells were isolated from 4 patients with IDDM treated with insulin for at least 5 years and from 
   292 e, the TRF length from WBCs of patients with IDDM was significantly shorter than that of nondiabetic 
   293 om 234 white men comprising 54 patients with IDDM, 74 patients with NIDDM, and 106 control subjects. 
   294 ngth of telomeres of WBCs from patients with IDDM, we tested the concept that telomeres might play a 
  
  
  
  
  
   300 om 8 diabetic donors (aged 43-66 years, with IDDM for 2-17 years) and 12 eyes from 6 normal donors (a
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