ライフサイエンスコーパス: IPD

1 IPD cases in PCV-eligible children aged <5 years (born s

2 IPD consists of five core databases, with the IMGT/HLA D

3 IPD due to non-PCV13 serotypes increased by 30% compared

4 IPD incidence was 12-fold higher (95% confidence interva

5 IPD incidence was highest in HIV-infected infants, rangi

6 IPD subjects were distinguished from APS with 94% specif

7 IPD was defined as a positive pneumococcal culture, poly

8 IPD were combined into 1 data set and an IPD meta-analys

9 IPD were pooled from six high-risk screening trials incl

10 IPD were provided from 25 trials, including 1 unpublishe

11 IPD were sought from investigators with eligible trials.

12 aggregated data: OR, 0.5; 95%% CI, 0.3-1.01; IPD, unstratified: OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.97; IPD, strat

13 nce was applied to postmortem sections of 10 IPD patients and 10 controls to quantify the abundance o

14 ar period, there were 3146 IPD cases and 150 IPD-related deaths (case fatality rate, 4.8%).

15 Post-PCV13 declines in serotype 19A IPD in persons aged <2 years (IRR, 0.23; CI, .13-.35) an

16 e the first release of the database in 2003, IPD-MHC has grown and currently hosts a number of specif

17 We identified 2099 IPD cases in infants from 2009 to 2013 from all sites.

18 Of 11,224 IPD cases reported, 1,091 (10%) were culture-negative sa

19 During the 8-year period, there were 3146 IPD cases and 150 IPD-related deaths (case fatality rate

20 Baseline (11)C-HED PET in the 39 IPD patients revealed an RI mean of 0.052 +/- 0.022 mL o

21 There were 468 IPD cases from 2007 to 2012.

22 PD, unstratified: OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.97; IPD, stratified: OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.3).

23 There were 1598 overall and 1346 adult IPD cases from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2013.

24 For adult IPD serotype distribution before widespread pediatric PC

25 PCV7 series had a higher proportion of adult IPD cases caused by PCV7 serotypes.

26 After IPD, a higher proportion of vaccine-naive children had I

27 ides was measured in plasma before and after IPD in HIV-infected individuals and compared to HIV-infe

28 onjugate vaccine (PCV) both before and after IPD, the proportion with IgG concentrations >/=0.35 micr

29 Vaccination with PCV before and/or after IPD was associated with lower IgG concentrations against

30 ted effect of current pediatric PCVs against IPD in the elderly.

31 creased basophil-mediated protection against IPD in mice.

32 eby providing significant protection against IPD in mice.

33 timely 3-dose PCV coverage of >92%, all-age IPD in Australia almost halved (IRR, 0.53; 95% confidenc

34 All IPD episodes (n = 16992) were recorded in Sweden during

35 ounting for 36.1% of MR-IPD and 11.7% of all IPD isolates.

36 IPD were combined into 1 data set and an IPD meta-analysis was performed.

37 d 180 degrees ) can be discriminated from an IPD of 0 degrees , with higher thresholds indicating bet

38 However, the majority of patients with an IPD still do not receive a molecular diagnosis.

39 We analyzed IPD incidence from 2005 to 2012 and colonization studies

40 e of IPD overall also declined by 12-32% and IPD caused by PCV13 minus PCV7 type IPD declined by 58-7

41 % (95% interval estimate [95% IE] 59-68) and IPD caused by PCV13 minus PCV7 serotypes declined by 93%

42 The pre-PCV7 proportion of VT carriage and IPD are the main determinants for the impact of PCV7 on

43 of vaccine serotype (VT) among carriers and IPD cases in the pre-PCV period, assuming that VT are el

44 uctions in vaccine-serotype colonization and IPD due to vaccine serotypes among children and women af

45 ple of controls but was found in all PAF and IPD patients, although with different skin innervation.

46 PAF and IPD showed length-dependent somatic and autonomic small

47 euritic p-syn inclusions differed in PAF and IPD, suggesting a different underlying pathogenesis; (3)

48 syn was a reliable in vivo marker of PAF and IPD; (2) neuritic p-syn inclusions differed in PAF and I

49 erotype-specific colonization prevalence and IPD incidence prior to and following childhood PCV immun

50 adjusted association between vaccination and IPD was protective (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidenc

51 ific antibody responses after HIV-associated IPD.

52 en years after pediatric PCV7 authorization, IPD due to PCV7 serotypes had decreased by 90% (95% CI,

53 used active population and laboratory-based IPD surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Contr

54 Retrospective analysis of population-based IPD surveillance data of the general population residing

55 te the observed negative association between IPD and the serotype 11A (ST11A) capsule O-acetyltransfe

56 9, and PhtE-pep40 were broadly recognized by IPD patient sera with prevalences of 96.4%, 92.9%, and 7

57 In 2011/2012, 37% of isolates causing IPD in immunocompromised persons were PCV13 serotypes an

58 30 patients, including 16 well-characterized IPD patients and 14 patients fulfilling PAF diagnostic c

59 rminants for the impact of PCV7 on childhood IPD and can be combined in a simple model to provide pre

60 nst the reported impact of PCV7 on childhood IPD in high-income countries from a recent meta-analysis

61 l predicted the reported impact on childhood IPD of mature PCV programmes; the ratio of predicted and

62 We compared IPD patients with 33 healthy controls using z score anal

63 Public Health England conducts IPD surveillance and provides a national reference servi

64 Four eligible studies contributed IPD on 3,180 affected breasts in 3,169 subjects (median

65 eta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD) aim to collect, check, and reanalyze individual-lev

66 The aim of this individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis (MA) was to assess the effects of ant

67 We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of studies from sub-Saharan Africa to

68 Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was used to combine the African studi

69 1- and 2-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, and a negative-control (paternal BMI

70 Individual participant data (IPD) were solicited from all selected studies.

71 f aggregate and individual participant data (IPD), the latter of which was obtained by requesting ind

72 -effects model) and individual patient data (IPD) (logistic regression adjusted for confounders) were

73 This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was performed to better understand th

74 Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was used to estimate HRs for results

75 1/2 mutations using individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.

76 The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) was developed to provide a centralized system for t

77 We defined IPD as pneumococcal isolation from a normally sterile si

78 Inherited photoreceptor degenerations (IPDs), a group of incurable progressive blinding disease

79 of children with comorbidities who developed IPD had received PPV23 prior to infection.

80 s suggest that, while the risk of developing IPD may actually be decreased in patients with acute ast

81 t which a fixed interaural phase difference (IPD) of varphi (varied here between 30 degrees and 180 d

82 ons that detect interaural phase difference (IPD).

83 erentiation of idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive

84 denervation in idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) using (11)C-hydroxyephedrine ((11)C-HED) PET and de

85 all-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children was reported to vary between high-in

86 fic burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among immunocompromised individuals.

87 reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and moderate increases in non-PCV7 type IPD.

88 children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) as predicted by the Red Queen hypothesis.

89 cting against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) calls for alternate strategies to assess this.

90 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by vaccine serotypes.

91 onsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased substantially after the US introduction o

92 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) die from the disease.

93 rveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) from 2002 for baseline and appropriate later compar

94 level data on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) from an active population-based surveillance system

95 pacts against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in equivalent populations have not been performed.

96 idemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HEU infants.

97 ased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in humans.

98 ing causes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in West Africa, with ST618 being the dominant cause

99 Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and ba

100 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a valuable approach to define novel vaccine cand

101 Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is an important cause of morbidity among individual

102 Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is usually caused by a single serotype, and dual-se

103 e's impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is well described, but few reports exist on the add

104 ccine (PCV7), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates among blacks were twice the rates in whites.

105 ar assays for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance in South Africa from 2010 through 2012

106 idemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) to determine if PCV-associated indirect protection

107 mics in adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) under vaccine pressure.

108 in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but deaths due to IPD still occur.

109 te, following invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the proportion of children with protective immunog

110 pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), with the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococc

111 t in reducing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)-related morbidity and mortality, and whether seroty

112 incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

113 eased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

114 type-specific invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

115 15 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

116 r similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).

117 nonpneumonia invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in the pre-PCV era.

118 Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) remain the leading cause of vaccine-preventable ch

119 esponsible for inherited platelet disorders (IPDs).

120 ss underlying causes are needed to eliminate IPD disparities.

121 Public Health England conducts enhanced IPD surveillance in England and Wales.

122 Most fatal IPD cases are currently not vaccine-preventable.

123 d (53/150 [35%]) had a known risk factor for IPD.

124 ression of metabolic covariance patterns for IPD, MSA, and PSP.

125 % and their positivity likelihood ratios for IPD were 14.5, 18.6, and 21.4, respectively.

126 Their specificities for IPD were 93.3%, 95%, and 96.7%; their sensitivities were

127 ed through laboratory-based surveillance for IPD from 2005 through 2014 in South Africa was reviewed.

128 5 to 2012, population-based surveillance for IPD was conducted in Metropolitan Toronto and Peel Regio

129 .17-.22) were about 2-fold greater than for IPD due to extra serotypes in PCV13 (13v-non7v) in a sim

130 d 349 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from IPD patients in Nijmegen between 2001 and 2011.

131 at increased risk of IPD and mortality from IPD compared with HUU children, especially as young infa

132 mass was unchanged in single SN neurons from IPD patients, we observed a significant reduction in the

133 nt reports suggest that mortality rates from IPD are unaffected in patients with asthma and that chro

134 0-64 years of age, with male subjects having IPD rates 1.5-2 times higher than female subjects.

135 HIV IPD cases responded to more proteins than non-IPD contro

136 idate genes and causal variants therein, how IPDs have been historically diagnosed, and how this is c

137 ve years after PPV23 program implementation, IPD incidence had declined significantly in immunocompro

138 timated a 28% reduction (95% CI, 18%-37%) in IPD-related 30-day mortality, from 3.4 deaths (95% CI, 3

139 solute differences and percentage changes in IPD incidence before and after the introduction of PCV13

140 We compared the model-predicted changes in IPD incidence with observed changes in IPD incidence, ac

141 es in IPD incidence with observed changes in IPD incidence, according to HIV status, in children aged

142 s is irrelevant in PAF but it is critical in IPD.

143 PCV (PCV13) were associated with declines in IPD rates in both sexes, rates of IPD after PCV13 were s

144 of mtDNA in respiratory chain deficiency in IPD, SN neurons, isolated with laser-capture microdissec

145 pe IPD in both races, overall disparities in IPD rates persisted because non-PCV7-type IPD rates are

146 ntroduction may reduce racial disparities in IPD, higher valency conjugate vaccines and strategies to

147 Respiratory chain dysfunction in IPD neurons not only involves CI, but also extends to CI

148 e in cardiac sympathetic neural integrity in IPD patients occurs at a modest rate over 2 y on (11)C-H

149 Reductions in IPD due to vaccine serotypes from PCV7 (IRR, 0.20; CI, .

150 tric PCV7 were associated with reductions in IPD in immunocompromised populations.

151 Reductions in IPD incidence were seen in all age groups, with the larg

152 a better understanding of immune response in IPD and are worth evaluation in additional studies as po

153 ch measures the smallest detectable shift in IPD for a fixed frequency.

154 gher positivity rate at the proximal site in IPD.

155 response to many retinal insults, including IPDs, but the role of this increase in PR death is unkno

156 MBL2 polymorphisms did not predict increased IPD susceptibility in children born in Northern Europe.

157 spA significantly protected mice from lethal IPD.

158 uring the decade of PCV7 use (2000-2009), MR-IPD decreased rapidly until 2002 and subsequently stabil

159 -resistant invasive pneumococcal disease (MR-IPD) due to PCV7 serotypes (6B, 9V, 14, 19F, and 23F).

160 0000 population), accounting for 36.1% of MR-IPD and 11.7% of all IPD isolates.

161 is study, the impact of PCV7 and PCV13 on MR-IPD was prospectively assessed.

162 il the introduction of PCV13 in 2010 when MR-IPD incidence decreased further from 3.71 to 2.45/100000

163 to at least 1 protein compared to 51% of non-IPD controls.

164 PD cases responded to more proteins than non-IPD controls (8.6 +/- 8.4 vs 4.2 +/- 7.6 proteins; P = .

165 ; CI, .28-.44) differed from other 13v-non7v IPD (IRR, 0.73; CI, .35-1.48 for those aged <2 years and

166 observed cases of antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD and cases that would have occurred if PCV13 had not

167 small increases in antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD caused by non-PCV13 serotypes, no non-PCV13 serotype

168 to 2013, rates of antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD caused by serotypes included in PCV13 but not in PCV

169 and 1327 cases of antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD caused by serotypes included in PCV13 but not PCV7 w

170 CV13 introduction, antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD decreased in multiple age groups.

171 impact of PCV13 on antibiotic-nonsusceptible IPD rates.

172 munocompromised individuals comprised 28% of IPD.

173 In 2016, NVTs constituted 72% of IPD cases in the elderly.

174 Over time, 81% of IPD cases responded to at least 1 protein compared to 51

175 ngs to other settings would depend on age of IPD onset, serotype profile, and timeliness of vaccinati

176 ting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of IPD, and journal editors.

177 ting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of IPD.

178 cant result in the only feasible analysis of IPD (unstratified model) (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4).

179 In the analysis of IPD, 2 regression models, stratified and unstratified by

180 s with death warrants increased awareness of IPD coinfection caused by two or more serotypes.

181 ictions of the vaccine preventable burden of IPD.

182 We estimated that over 30 000 cases of IPD and 3000 deaths were averted in the first 3 years af

183 Cases of IPD between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2013, were classi

184 prospectively identified pediatric cases of IPD requiring hospitalization between 2005 and 2011 in 2

185 onvaccine serotype that is the main cause of IPD in many countries, including Nepal, Bangladesh, and

186 rica, with ST618 being the dominant cause of IPD in The Gambia.

187 uding serotype 19A, the predominant cause of IPD prior to the introduction of PCV13.

188 predominant ST618 clone as the main cause of IPD.

189 ine introduction emerged as common causes of IPD.

190 a major obstacle to the effective control of IPD.

191 We aimed to describe children who died of IPD since PCV introduction in England and Wales.

192 lternative strategies for the elimination of IPD.

193 Overall, 2115/7604 (28%) episodes of IPD occurred in immunocompromised persons.

194 The overall impact of IPD incidences was not statistically different irrespect

195 5 years and, particularly, the incidence of IPD caused by serotype 19A decreased dramatically follow

196 The incidence of IPD decreased by 69.6% (95% CI, -79.3% to -55.5%) from 2

197 A substantially higher incidence of IPD due to NVTs indicates the importance of ongoing surv

198 The incidence of IPD due to PCV7 serotypes decreased in all ages after PC

199 duction (P < .001), whereas the incidence of IPD due to the additional 6 serotypes in PCV13 and to no

200 ed and population-based data on incidence of IPD from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (part of

201 The incidence of IPD in NYC children younger than 5 years and, particular

202 Among adults, incidence of IPD overall also declined by 12-32% and IPD caused by PC

203 PCV7 alone had been continued, incidence of IPD overall declined by 64% (95% interval estimate [95%

204 pproach to compare the reported incidence of IPD to that which would have been expected if PCV13 had

205 ating effective prevention and management of IPD.

206 n, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of IPD in children with PCV13 and PCV7 vaccine failure.

207 e individual scan data, the probabilities of IPD, MSA, and PSP were computed and used to classify eac

208 ression models to estimate the proportion of IPD cases among adults aged >40 years that were caused b

209 d to assess for changes in the proportion of IPD cases with underlying comorbidities.

210 overall IPD and estimated the proportion of IPD caused by serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumo

211 eclines in IPD rates in both sexes, rates of IPD after PCV13 were still significantly higher in male

212 ) in a time-series model to compare rates of IPD before and after the introduction of PCV13.

213 Population-based rates of IPD by sex, race, age group, and PCV era were calculated

214 Rates of IPD were generally higher in male than in female subject

215 Throughout the study years, rates of IPD were higher in male than in female subjects, particu

216 We examined sex differences in rates of IPD, and trends after the introduction of pneumococcal c

217 HEU infants are at increased risk of IPD and mortality from IPD compared with HUU children, e

218 are needed to better understand the risk of IPD in patients with different asthma phenotypes.

219 with a 2.1-2.7 fold increase in the risk of IPD.

220 ]) were associated with an increased risk of IPD.

221 A 20-year study of IPD performed in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, using ac

222 d conducts enhanced national surveillance of IPD in England and Wales.

223 Younger age at the time of IPD was the only predictor of a serotype-specific pneumo

224 e is increasing recognition that a number of IPDs are associated with severe pathologies, including a

225 ss the effect of use of PCV13 in children on IPD in children and adults in the USA.

226 For each prespecified outcome, IPD were analysed using a 1-stage approach.

227 Overall IPD incidence decreased 33% (age 0-5 months), 86% (6-23

228 e IPD rates on racial disparities in overall IPD and estimated the proportion of IPD caused by seroty

229 , whereas there were no decreases in overall IPD rates after 2002.

230 ith V-LRI seasonality, whereas non-pneumonia IPD peaked in autumn before V-LRI increase, suggesting d

231 t-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium and open-access data archives.

232 s PPSV23 vaccine effectiveness in preventing IPD and the most resource-intensive type of community-ac

233 PRISMA-IPD provides guidelines for reporting systematic reviews

234 opment Group reached agreement on the PRISMA-IPD checklist and flow diagram by consensus.

235 Compared with standard PRISMA, the PRISMA-IPD checklist includes 3 new items that address (1) meth

236 The PRISMA-IPD Development Group reached agreement on the PRISMA-IP

237 with other vaccine serotypes, but recurrent IPD was rare.

238 Seventeen children had recurrent IPD.

239 However, recurrent IPD with the same infecting serotype was rare (7/3030 ch

240 e serotypes, and to assess risk of recurrent IPD.

241 PCV13 reduced IPD across all age groups when used routinely in childre

242 ing the range that carries the most reliable IPD.

243 f eligible trials were approached requesting IPD.

244 PCV13 introduction, dual macrolide-resistant IPD decreased 74.1% (incidence 0.32/100000 in 2013).

245 ses against all-serotype multidrug-resistant IPD was 96% (95% CI, 62%-100%) among HIV-uninfected chil

246 in impact of PCV7 on childhood all-serotype IPD.

247 used by a single serotype, and dual-serotype IPD is rare.

248 cessory genes identified among dual-serotype IPD isolates, four were common between isolate pairs.

249 Dual-serotype IPD was associated with children <5 years of age (adjust

250 assess factors associated with dual-serotype IPD, patient information obtained through laboratory-bas

251 was effective in preventing vaccine-serotype IPD in HIV-uninfected and HIV-exposed, uninfected childr

252 ial declines in overall and vaccine-serotype IPD in vaccinated children and in unvaccinated persons.

253 model-predicted changes in vaccine-serotype IPD incidence rates were similar to the observed changes

254 eness of >/=3 doses against vaccine-serotype IPD was 90% (95% CI, 14%-99%) among HIV-uninfected and 5

255 This effect was more pronounced in single IPD neurons with severe CI deficiency.

256 calculate age-, race-, and serotype-specific IPD incidence rates.

257 Results from 1-stage IPD meta-analysis (N = 5327 to 5377 mother-father-offspr

258 The IPD project continues to develop with new tools being ad

259 The IPD-MHC Database is a key resource in its field, and thi

260 The IPD-MHC Database project collects and expertly curates s

261 The IPD-related mortality rate declined after 7-valent PCV i

262 We calculated the IPD incidence across all ages in a surveillance project

263 In the IPD meta-analysis, additional adjustment for cfPWV did n

264 data meta-analysis and 4 (n = 4,540) in the IPD meta-analysis.

265 2006 preluded substantial alterations in the IPD population structure caused by serotype replacement.

266 (1) methods of checking the integrity of the IPD (such as pattern of randomization, data consistency,

267 ding was modified in 23 items to reflect the IPD approach.

268 we describe the latest database release, the IPD-MHC 2.0 and discuss planned developments.

269 Through the IPD project we have established a central platform for t

270 To prevent the IPDs caused by ST2, we identified an effective ST2 neogl

271 This IPD meta-analysis found no evidence that COC or NET-EN u

272 neumococcal disease (IPD), but deaths due to IPD still occur.

273 nnately offers serotype-specific immunity to IPD.

274 riation of innate immunity may predispose to IPD.

275 (PIDs) are known to confer predisposition to IPD.

276 d early bacterial clearance or resistance to IPD in mice with ALI.

277 vidual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication.

278 -32% and IPD caused by PCV13 minus PCV7 type IPD declined by 58-72%, depending on age.

279 IPD) and moderate increases in non-PCV7 type IPD.

280 Despite near elimination of PCV7-type IPD in both races, overall disparities in IPD rates pers

281 s of antibiotic-nonsusceptible non-PCV7-type IPD increased during 2004-2009.

282 in IPD rates persisted because non-PCV7-type IPD rates are higher among blacks.

283 PCV7-type IPD rates in all ages in both races decreased to <1 case

284 cts of trends in PCV7-type and non-PCV7-type IPD rates on racial disparities in overall IPD and estim

285 eceived PPV23, and development of PPV23-type IPD was not associated with prior PPV23 vaccination (adj

286 Vaccine failure (vaccine-type IPD after age-appropriate immunization) is rare.

287 available for 413 children with vaccine-type IPD diagnosed during 2006-2013.

288 Reductions in vaccine-type IPD post-PCV13 were inferior to Australian experience wi

289 The pre-PCV7 proportion of VT IPD alone also had limited predictive value.

290 The odds of pre-PCV7 VT IPD, PCV schedule, PCV coverage and whether a catch up c

291 We included 163 children with IPD (male-to-female ratio, 1.3; median age, 13 months).

292 is aim, we evaluated sera from children with IPD and age-matched controls against 141 20-mer syntheti

293 Children with IPD should undergo immunological investigations, particu

294 children <18 years of age hospitalized with IPD from 1997 to 2014 in Utah.

295 two percent of HIV-infected individuals with IPD had a serotype-specific antibody response.

296 se cohort consisted of 212 participants with IPD and 23 441 with HTP.

297 been carried out in children presenting with IPD.

298 sectional study of infants aged <1 year with IPD enrolled in a national, laboratory-based surveillanc

299 included 468 cases younger than 5 years with IPD reported through routine surveillance to the NYC Dep

300 compared to HIV-infected individuals without IPD.