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1  presence of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).
2 gradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).
3 y inhibiting interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).
4 of STAT-1 or interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).
5 s the direct action of caspase-8 cleavage on IRF-3.
6 ation and proteasome-mediated degradation of IRF-3.
7 onents required for the apoptotic pathway of IRF-3.
8 own pathway of transcriptional activation of IRF-3.
9  PKR kinase and interferon regulatory factor IRF-3.
10 endent activities, as exemplified by PKR and IRF-3.
11 s a coinfection model through suppression of IRF-3.
12 n of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and IRF-3.
13  to impair phosphorylation and activation of IRF-3.
14 oth of which activate ISG expression through IRF-3.
15  PRDI site is similar to that of inactivated IRF-3.
16 hich enabled us to express various levels of IRF-3.
17 TING and mediates the activation of TBK1 and IRF-3.
18 uption of the activation and localization of IRF-3.
19  residues 2067-2112) interacts directly with IRF-3 (173-427) and six of its single-site mutants to fo
20 -8, IL-12 p70, and TNF were also observed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice 24 hpi, at which time point viral
21                             Double-deficient Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice infected with the DENV2 strain S22
22 timulated gene induction was also delayed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice relative to wild-type and single-d
23 independently of both IRF-3 and IRF-7 in the Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice with DENV infection.
24 ENV infection, whereas in the Irf-7(-/-) and Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice, significantly low levels of IFN-a
25 CR3 function to restrict DENV replication in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice.
26                        IRF-3(-/-) and select IRF-3/7(-/-) mice were resistant to LP-BM5-induced patho
27 nduced assembly of the transcription factors IRF-3/7, ATF-2/c-Jun, and NF-kappaB on the ifnbeta promo
28 cal MAVS effectors TNFR-associated factor-2, IRF-3/7, or IFN-beta but the physical interaction of MAV
29  phosphorylation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a transcription factor that is crucial for the i
30 irus VP35 protein inhibits the activation of IRF-3, a critical transcription factor for the induction
31                                              IRF-3, a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF
32  cells indicated that the amount of residual IRF-3 activated by endogenous SeV was high enough to dri
33 primary mouse macrophages resulted in robust IRF-3 activation and approximately 750-fold increase in
34 ugh cytoplasmic STING, which is required for IRF-3 activation and signaling.
35  retinoic acid-inducible gene I and inducing IRF-3 activation and the synthesis of ISGs that restrict
36 in response to TLR4 ligands HMGB1 and LPS, p-IRF-3 activation and transcription of its target genes a
37  disrupted signal transduction downstream of IRF-3 activation and was independent of capsid-mediated
38 ence in the initial interferon induction via IRF-3 activation between ANDV and PHV in infected primar
39                                              IRF-3 activation did not correlate with reductions in NS
40 ts indicate that HCV can transiently trigger IRF-3 activation during virus spread and that in chronic
41   Here, we have reported that the pathway of IRF-3 activation in RIPA was independent of and distinct
42                       The capacity to rescue IRF-3 activation in these cells was assessed by monitori
43 ent of IRF-3's transcriptional role, a novel IRF-3 activation pathway causes its interaction with the
44                        By contrast, the full IRF-3 activation response was largely abolished in PKR-d
45                   The DeltaE3L virus-induced IRF-3 activation seen in PKR-sufficient cells was dimini
46 optosis in virus-infected cells by mediating IRF-3 activation through the mitochondrial IPS-1 signal
47                                 In contrast, IRF-3 activation was essential, although induction of th
48 during virus spread and that in chronic HCV, IRF-3 activation within infected hepatocytes occurs but
49 HCV stimulated a low-frequency and transient IRF-3 activation within responsive cells in vitro that w
50 (HCV) nonstructural 3 protein, the status of IRF-3 activation, and expression of IRF-3 target genes a
51 cate that Ser386 and Ser396 are critical for IRF-3 activation, and support a phosphorylation-oligomer
52 the protein kinase regulated by RNA (PKR) in IRF-3 activation, HeLa cells made stably deficient in PK
53 ral signaling protein (MAVS) but upstream of IRF-3 activation, while GDVII L acts downstream of IRF-3
54 activation, while GDVII L acts downstream of IRF-3 activation.
55 nhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) and IRF-3 activation.
56 s blockage did not inhibit JNK activation or IRF-3 activation.
57 n VP35 renders the protein unable to inhibit IRF-3 activation.
58  a phosphorylation-oligomerization model for IRF-3 activation.
59              Interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) activation directs alpha/beta interferon producti
60 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3 and an increased promoter binding activity for IRF
61 poptotic transcription factors NF-kappaB and IRF-3 and elicit apoptosis.
62                 Rather, PLpro interacts with IRF-3 and inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear trans
63 onded to paramyxovirus infection to activate IRF-3 and interferon-stimulated gene expression, but the
64                                However, both IRF-3 and IRF-7 are critical for the production of type
65           In this study, we demonstrate that IRF-3 and IRF-7 are functionally redundant, but lack of
66 /beta response; only the combined actions of IRF-3 and IRF-7 are necessary for efficient control of e
67 Collectively, these results demonstrate that IRF-3 and IRF-7 are redundant, albeit IRF-7 plays a more
68                Interferon regulatory factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are transcription factors essential in t
69 bers, we have solved the X-ray structures of IRF-3 and IRF-7 DBDs in the absence of DNA.
70                      The X-ray structures of IRF-3 and IRF-7 DNA binding domains (DBDs) bound to IFN-
71 2 were rapidly induced independently of both IRF-3 and IRF-7 in the Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice with DENV i
72                                              IRF-3 and IRF-7 restrict MNV replication in both culture
73         In mice, deletion of IFNAR, MAVS, or IRF-3 and IRF-7 resulted in uncontrolled OROV replicatio
74                 Interestingly, redundancy of IRF-3 and IRF-7 was age dependent, as neonatal animals l
75 more, we show that the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 work in concert to initiate unique and o
76 luding interferon regulatory factor 3 and 7 (IRF-3 and IRF-7) and STAT-1, suggesting that neuronal ma
77 tablish a dominant protective role for MAVS, IRF-3 and IRF-7, and IFNAR in restricting OROV infection
78 cularly the regulatory transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7, have key protective roles during OROV i
79 utrophils and dendritic cells, as well as of IRF-3 and IRF-7, is critical for innate immune responses
80 ng MAVS signaling, the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7, or IFNAR than in wild-type (WT) cells.
81 action partners, including their substrates, IRF-3 and IRF-7.
82 exes directs IRF-3 phosphorylation, and both IRF-3 and NF-kappaB activation are required for transcri
83 ly protein of the Bcl-2 family that requires IRF-3 and NF-kappaB for efficient expression.
84 for apoptosis, nor have the genes induced by IRF-3 and NF-kappaB that are responsible for apoptosis b
85 is essential for blocking RIG-I signaling to IRF-3 and NF-kappaB, whereas the helicase domain is disp
86  is mediated directly by genes responsive to IRF-3 and NF-kappaB.
87 d an increased promoter binding activity for IRF-3 and NF-kappaB.
88  reovirus infection in a manner dependent on IRF-3 and NF-kappaB.
89 oma cells led to impaired phosphorylation of IRF-3 and reduced ubiquitination of RIG-I and TBK-1, whi
90 l interfering RNAs blocked the activation of IRF-3 and subsequent IFN-alpha/beta production induced b
91 irus strains achieved similar peak titers in IRF-3(+/+) and IRF-3(-/-) mice in the intestine, brain,
92 F-3 in reovirus disease, we infected newborn IRF-3(+/+) and IRF-3(-/-) mice perorally with mildly vir
93                                              IRF-3(-/-) and select IRF-3/7(-/-) mice were resistant t
94 tion factors interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) and NF-kappaB, resulting in secretion of the anti
95 tion factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of
96 ctivation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) through the
97 iption factors, the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), as evidenc
98 ctivation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and synthesis of type 1 interferons (IFN-alpha/be
99 tor (CIITA), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) were
100  promoter, mediated nuclear translocation of IRF-3, and displayed highly potent activity against hepa
101 d the interferon regulatory factors (IRF)-1, IRF-3, and IRF-7 to the RANTES independently of myeloid
102         hMPV infection induces activation of IRF-3, and it regulates the expression of IRF-7.
103                               In addition to IRF-3- and IFN-mediated antiviral responses, IFN-indepen
104 ntrol of early DENV infection; and the late, IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway contributes to anti
105  Ifit1, Ifit3, and Mx2 can be induced via an IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway that does not invol
106 e responses were equivalent in wild-type and IRF-3(-/-) animals, suggesting that IRF-3 functions inde
107 ption factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) are often vital for early pathogen control, and e
108 -kappaB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) at a step subsequent to their nuclear translocati
109     Our results clearly demonstrate that the IRF-3/Bax-mediated apoptotic signaling branch contribute
110  increased transcription is due to increased IRF-3 binding to and transactivation of the TNF promoter
111 in the presence of exogenously supplied IFN, IRF-3(-/-) BMDCs are inherently defective in the control
112           However, while IFN pretreatment of IRF-3(-/-) BMDCs resulted in reduced virus titers, a far
113                In this study, HSV-1-infected IRF-3(-/-) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) a
114 firmed by atomic force microscopy of dimeric IRF-3 bound to the PRDII-PRDI tandem recognition sites p
115  IKKepsilon or TBK-1 phosphorylates not only IRF-3 but also VP35.
116 h the DNA minor groove, is disordered in apo IRF-3 but is ordered in apo IRF-7.
117 sponse associated with a marked depletion of IRF-3 but not IRF-7 in HIV-1-infected cells, which suppo
118 -708 phosphorylation occurs independently of IRF-3 but requires signaling through the IFN-alpha/beta
119 ough to drive the transcriptional effects of IRF-3 but too low to trigger its apoptotic activity.
120 iption induction by IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) but do so at different points in the signaling pa
121 FN-I expression was found to be dependent on IRF-3, but not NF-kappaB.
122 itination of two specific lysine residues of IRF-3 by LUBAC, the linear polyubiquitinating enzyme com
123 orylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) by the Ebola VP35 protein may block the host inna
124 nce that innate immune pathways dependent on IRF-3 can be successfully targeted by small-molecule dru
125 ay activates the latent transcription factor IRF-3, causing its nuclear translocation and the inducti
126 -kappaB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), classically inducing IFNbeta production.
127 sults demonstrated that in our model system, IRF-3 controlled the fate of the SeV-infected cells by p
128  transcriptionally inert; this single-action IRF-3 could protect mice from lethal viral infection.
129                                 In addition, IRF-3-deficient BMDCs exhibited delayed type I IFN synth
130  wild-type mice survived, compared to 10% of IRF-3-deficient mice.
131 espite the fact that all IL-33 agonists were IRF-3 dependent, LPS-induced IL-33 mRNA was fully induci
132 ascade, often in an IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3)-dependent fashion.
133 on via interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3)-dependent pathways.
134 kinase-related kinases are implicated in the IRF-3-dependent antiviral response.
135 ut only if they can find a way to impair the IRF-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.
136 nd induction of interferon regulatory factor IRF-3-dependent gene transcription.
137 hanced restriction by type I interferon- and IRF-3-dependent mechanisms.
138                                 Furthermore, IRF-3-dependent neuronal protection from virus-mediated
139  occur through the activities of STAT-1- and IRF-3-dependent pathways and cannot be explained solely
140 0 by itself can interfere with interferon or IRF-3-dependent signaling and whether ICP0 enables the v
141 IRF-3 promotes HIV-1 infection by disrupting IRF-3-dependent signaling pathways and innate antiviral
142        Despite being partially controlled by IRF-3-dependent signals, WEEV also disrupted antiviral r
143                                              IRF-3 depletion was dependent on a productive HIV-1 repl
144 er binds only one full-length phosphomimetic IRF-3 dimer at the PRDIII-PRDI sites, and this binding d
145                           In contrast, bound IRF-3 dimer interacts strongly with the NF-kappaB (p50/p
146 efore, not determined by the presence of the IRF-3 dimer, but is predetermined by the asymmetry of th
147 n reveals that the pLxIS motif also mediates IRF-3 dimerization and activation.
148 rylation at site 1 is, in turn, required for IRF-3 dimerization.
149             CBP also interacts in vitro with IRF-3 double-site mutants to form different levels of ol
150                       The elevated levels of IRF-3-driven genes in the PI cells indicated that the am
151 ption factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) enhances reovirus-induced apoptosis following act
152 a tetracycline (Tet)-inducible cell line for IRF-3 expression, which enabled us to express various le
153 atory factor 7 (IRF-7) expression but not on IRF-3 expression.
154 cedented insight into negative regulation of IRF-3 following activation of the type I IFN antiviral r
155 l protein 1) employs a pLxIS motif to target IRF-3 for degradation, but phosphorylation of NSP1 is no
156 lication-dependent manner, and abrogation of IRF-3 function enhanced virus-mediated injury by WEEV an
157 lication-dependent manner, and abrogation of IRF-3 function enhanced virus-mediated injury by WEEV an
158                                              IRF-3 functions downstream of several viral sensors, inc
159 type and IRF-3(-/-) animals, suggesting that IRF-3 functions independently of the adaptive immune res
160 Mutation of a consensus cleavage site within IRF-3 generates a form that is not cleaved by caspase-8
161 lso show that caspase-8-mediated cleavage of IRF-3 helps to modulate dsRNA-dependent gene induction.
162 t and activation of the transcription factor IRF-3 (IFN regulatory factor 3).
163 over, VP35 overexpression impairs IKKepsilon-IRF-3, IKKepsilon-IRF-7, and IKKepsilon-IPS-1 interactio
164 hosphorylated STING, MAVS, and TRIF binds to IRF-3 in a similar manner, whereas residues upstream of
165   These data demonstrate a critical role for IRF-3 in control of central nervous system infection fol
166  activated phosphorylation of IKKepsilon and IRF-3 in FLS.
167 tients exhibited the nuclear, active form of IRF-3 in hepatocytes and an associated increase in IRF-3
168 lbeit IRF-7 plays a more important role than IRF-3 in inducing the initial IFN-alpha/beta response; o
169                     To determine the role of IRF-3 in reovirus disease, we infected newborn IRF-3(+/+
170 lyubiquitinating enzyme complex, which bound IRF-3 in signal-dependent fashion.
171                              Introduction of IRF-3 in the persistently infected cells restored the ce
172 onally, these agonists efficiently activated IRF-3 in the presence of the HCV protease NS3-4A, which
173 ntain kinase activity that can phosphorylate IRF-3 in vitro.
174 nase IKKepsilon and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) in the activation of antiviral genes in rheumatoi
175 ent with a role for IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) in the expression of IL-33.
176 , we report a novel and distinct activity of IRF-3, in virus-infected cells, that induces apoptosis.
177           Here, we show that vIRF-2 mediates IRF-3 inactivation by a mechanism involving caspase-3, a
178 equent innate signaling cascades, activating IRF-3 independently of CD14.
179 es differ by only a single amino acid in the IRF-3 inhibitory domain of VP35, the level of alteration
180 cEbo-VP35/R312A) within a previously defined IRF-3 inhibitory domain.
181 exhibited various levels of translocation of IRF-3 into the nucleus.
182 , interferon regulatory factors (IRF) IRF-1, IRF-3, IRF-5, IRF-7, mitochondrial antiviral signaling m
183                                        Thus, IRF-3 is a dual-action cytoplasmic protein that, upon ac
184 represents a folded structural domain; i.e., IRF-3 is a three-domain globular protein.
185                    Upon infection, host cell IRF-3 is activated by phosphorylation at its seven C-ter
186                                           As IRF-3 is downstream from the TLR4 adaptor TIR-domain-con
187                                              IRF-3 is targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation, w
188 ation of a stable dimer; (c) dimerization of IRF-3 is the basis of its strong binding to PRDIII-PRDI
189              Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is a key transcription factor in the assembly of
190                Interferon response factor 3 (IRF-3) is a transcription factor that plays an essential
191  interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF-3) is activated by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residu
192              Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is essential for innate intracellular immune defe
193                                         When IRF-3-knockdown cells were infected with Sendai virus (S
194                                              IRF-3 levels were reduced in vivo within CD4+ T cells fr
195 infected; although seven out of them had low IRF-3 levels, four did not.
196 y, induction of IL-33 mRNA was attenuated in IRF-3(-/-) macrophages and TBK-1(-/-) mouse embryonic fi
197                                              IRF-3 may direct an innate antiviral response that regul
198              Our observations indicated that IRF-3-mediated apoptosis of virus-infected cells could b
199                 We found that WEEV activated IRF-3-mediated neuronal innate immune pathways in a repl
200                 We found that WEEV activated IRF-3-mediated neuronal innate immune pathways in a repl
201 LR), which can also activate the RLR-induced IRF-3-mediated pathway of apoptosis (RIPA).
202 hese results demonstrate a critical role for IRF-3-mediated pathways in controlling HSV-1 replication
203                     The transcription factor IRF-3 mediates cellular antiviral response by inducing t
204 ption factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), MHV did not induce IFN-beta protein production d
205 ontrast, the present study demonstrated that IRF-3(-/-) mice are significantly more susceptible to HS
206 production were observed in brain tissues of IRF-3(-/-) mice compared to control mice, with a concomi
207 n herpes simplex virus (HSV) pathogenesis in IRF-3(-/-) mice following intravenous HSV type 1 (HSV-1)
208 hieved similar peak titers in IRF-3(+/+) and IRF-3(-/-) mice in the intestine, brain, heart, liver, a
209  disease, we infected newborn IRF-3(+/+) and IRF-3(-/-) mice perorally with mildly virulent strain ty
210 /beta was induced similarly in wild-type and Irf-3(-/-) mice post-DENV infection, whereas in the Irf-
211                           Both wild-type and IRF-3(-/-) mice succumbed with equivalent frequencies to
212 gans examined were 10- to 100-fold higher in IRF-3(-/-) mice than those in wild-type mice.
213                            Bending of DNA by IRF-3 must be significant in the assembly and function o
214 More importantly, transcriptionally inactive IRF-3 mutants, such as the one missing its DNA-binding d
215 anced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), NF-kappaB, and ATF-2 in C(ko)-infected compared
216 ithout altering the nuclear translocation of IRF-3 or IFN-beta mRNA production or stability.
217 ciprocal bone marrow chimeras indicated that IRF-3 or IRF-7 expression in either hematopoietic or non
218 downstream regulatory transcription factors (IRF-3 or IRF-7), beta interferon (IFN-beta), or the rece
219 n is sufficient for interactions with either IRF-3 or VP35.
220  c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38, IRF-3, or NF-kappaB.
221         These data demonstrate that the Trif/IRF-3 pathway is a target to ameliorate liver dysfunctio
222  set by DA L as well as other factors in the IRF-3 pathway may play a role in virus persistence, infl
223 r, the role of each phosphorylation site for IRF-3 phosphoactivation remains unresolved.
224 6 serve antagonistic functions in regulating IRF-3 phosphoactivation.
225                         The structure of the IRF-3 phosphomimetic mutant S386/396E bound to the cAMP
226                                         Both IRF-3 phosphorylation and cell apoptosis induced by infe
227                      DN IKKepsilon inhibited IRF-3 phosphorylation as well as RANTES and IFNbeta prot
228 ction at 39 degrees C, induced PKR-dependent IRF-3 phosphorylation at 39 degrees C but not at 31 degr
229 he formation of TBK1-TRAF3 complexes directs IRF-3 phosphorylation, and both IRF-3 and NF-kappaB acti
230 inhibited rhinovirus-induced IFN production, IRF-3 phosphorylation, and IKKepsilon expression and inh
231  RIG-I in pancreatic carcinoma cells induced IRF-3 phosphorylation, production of type I IFN, the che
232 l responses resulting from the inhibition of IRF-3 phosphorylation.
233 er STAT1 nor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) play essential roles in the replication defect of
234              Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) plays a central role in inducing the expression o
235 r results indicate that viral suppression of IRF-3 promotes HIV-1 infection by disrupting IRF-3-depen
236                        Transcription from an IRF-3-responsive promoter was partially inhibited by MHV
237 d, especially in the heart, where absence of IRF-3 resulted in severe myocarditis.
238 stricting infection and that a deficiency of IRF-3 results in enhanced lethality.
239 dues, which increases the negative charge of IRF-3, results in its dimerization and association with
240                 In RNA-virus infected cells, IRF-3's transcriptional activation is triggered primaril
241                               Independent of IRF-3's transcriptional role, a novel IRF-3 activation p
242                                 In contrast, IRF-3 S385D weakened the interaction and oligomerization
243                                     Although IRF-3 S386D alone did not interact as strongly with CBP
244 kened the interaction and oligomerization of IRF-3 S396D and S386/396D with CBP.
245           Among all the single-site mutants, IRF-3 S396D showed the strongest binding to CBP.
246 hened the interaction and oligomerization of IRF-3 S396D with CBP.
247 rm heterodimers, but when CBP interacts with IRF-3 S396D, oligomerization is evident.
248                                        Thus, IRF-3 serves to facilitate virus clearance and prevent t
249                     ATF-2 or SMAD-3, but not IRF-3, short-hairpin RNA reduced p19 promoter activity a
250        Mice lacking IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) show increased vulnerability to WNV infection wit
251        Light scattering studies of wild-type IRF-3 showed that these three domains are tightly packed
252  study quantitatively assessed the rescue of IRF-3 signaling by NS3/4A inhibitors, compared with in v
253       NS3/4A protease inhibitors can restore IRF-3 signaling in HCV-infected cells but only at concen
254 A sensor, which is required for induction of IRF-3 signaling in these cells, is nuclear, and its loca
255 IFN-alpha/beta through the activation of the IRF-3 signaling pathway.
256 ization and degradation of IFI16, inhibiting IRF-3 signaling.
257 y upon HSV-1 d109 infection and induction of IRF-3 signaling.
258 al DNA release from incoming capsids inhibit IRF-3 signaling.
259 echanisms of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) signaling in primary human foreskin fibroblasts (
260 (TBK1)-interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) signaling pathway.
261                  Deletions upstream from the IRF-3 site and mutations at the IRF-3, SMAD-3, ATF-2, or
262 eam from the IRF-3 site and mutations at the IRF-3, SMAD-3, ATF-2, or NF-kappaB, but not the IRF-7, s
263 cation, whereas ectopic expression of active IRF-3 suppressed HIV-1 infection.
264 manner dependent on IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and stimulator of i
265 in hepatocytes and an associated increase in IRF-3 target gene expression in hepatic tissue.
266 tatus of IRF-3 activation, and expression of IRF-3 target genes and ISGs during asynchronous HCV infe
267 hanism for the recruitment and activation of IRF-3 that can be subverted by viral proteins to evade i
268 lly targeted mouse, which expressed a mutant IRF-3 that was RIPA-competent but transcriptionally iner
269                              Thus, in intact IRF-3, the linker represents a folded structural domain;
270 F-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), thereby inducing the synthesis of proinflammator
271 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3, thereby disrupting the activation of type I IFN r
272  However, it was not clear whether in intact IRF-3 this linker segment of the chain, which carries th
273                            We confirmed this IRF-3 threshold idea by generating a tetracycline (Tet)-
274 nducing IFN-beta) mediate the recruitment of IRF-3 through a conserved pLxIS motif.
275 ust be exported from the nucleus to activate IRF-3 through cytoplasmic STING, which is required for I
276  to induce the transcriptional activation of IRF-3 through the TLR4/MD2-dependent pathway.
277 s was triggered by the direct interaction of IRF-3, through a newly identified BH3 domain, with the p
278                               The ability of IRF-3 to bind these variable sites derives in part from
279              This phosphoactivation triggers IRF-3 to react with the coactivators, CREB-binding prote
280 tics of binding of the monomeric and dimeric IRF-3 to the enhancer DNA indeed showed that formation o
281                             Translocation of IRF-3 to the nucleus was observed beginning at 8 h, IRF-
282 ting the ability of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) to function as a transcription factor.
283 ivation of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF-3) transcription factor.
284                                    Activated IRF-3 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the tran
285 o show that caspase-3 participates in normal IRF-3 turnover in the absence of vIRF-2, during the anti
286              Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) undergoes phosphorylation-induced activation in v
287                                         When IRF-3 was absent or its activation by the RIG-I pathway
288                      However, the absence of IRF-3 was associated with significantly decreased surviv
289                                     However, IRF-3 was not required for optimal systemic IFN producti
290 nduction of the proapototic protein TRAIL by IRF-3 was not required.
291 ultiple cells types (e.g. A549, P388D1), and IRF-3 was not translocated to the nucleus in TCRV-infect
292 ter was partially inhibited by MHV; however, IRF-3 was transported to the nucleus and bound DNA in MH
293  phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of IRF-3 were detected in PKR-sufficient cells following in
294 orylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), which is the key transcription factor for IFN in
295 s pathway is interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), which upon activation by virus infection binds B
296  tightly packed, and therefore, the dimer of IRF-3, which is formed upon phosphorylation of its C-ter
297 , the nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated IRF-3, which is necessary for the induction of type I IF
298     Dimerization of the transcription factor IRF-3, which is required for synthesis of IFN-beta mRNA,
299                               The absence of IRF-3 would be expected to render such pathways inoperat
300        This dependence predicts that loss of IRF-3 would render early recognition pathways inoperativ

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