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   1 rosine to form l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA).                                                
     2 ated uptake of a model substrate into cells (L-DOPA).                                                
     3 ents known as dyskinesia upon treatment with L-DOPA.                                                 
     4  denervation and pulsatile administration of L-DOPA.                                                 
     5  while maintaining the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA.                                                 
     6 akly dyskinetic animals after treatment with L-DOPA.                                                 
     7 s without altering normal motor responses to L-DOPA.                                                 
     8 fering with the therapeutic motor effects of L-DOPA.                                                 
     9 ing a negative feedback on ERK activation by l-DOPA.                                                 
    10 out compromising the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA.                                                 
    11  result from diverse mechanisms of action of L-dopa.                                                 
    12 gical restoration of dopamine synthesis with l-dopa.                                                 
    13 g dyskinesias, warranting discontinuation of l-DOPA.                                                 
    14 s and indicate that this can be modulated by L-DOPA.                                                 
    15  no change was observed after treatment with L-DOPA.                                                 
    16 down cells when incubated with the substrate l-DOPA.                                                 
    17 ursors and metabolites as norepinephrine and l-DOPA.                                                 
    18 or impairment that was partially reversed by l-DOPA.                                                 
    19 ed in pancreatic beta-cells from circulating L-dopa.                                                 
    20 esence of dyskinesias even in the absence of L-dopa.                                                 
  
    22 ll as the prognostic power of 6-(18)F-fluoro-l-dopa ((18)F-FDOPA) PET for differentiating RPBM from L
  
  
  
    26 ptor antagonist, with the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (25, 100, and 200 mg) or applied placebo medicati
    27 norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), methyld
    28 groups, and allows access to 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-DOPA, 6-[(18)F]fluoro-m-tyrosine, and the translocator
  
  
  
    32    In the dopamine (DA)-denervated striatum, L-DOPA activates DA D(1) receptor(D(1)R) signaling, incl
    33 nly, and that (2) the combination treatment (L-dopa +acupuncture) was significantly superior in reduc
  
  
    36 g-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with l-DOPA almost always leads to the development of involun
  
  
  
    40 rkinson's disease are commonly treated using l-DOPA although long-term treatment usually causes debil
    41 -dopa on motor function with reduced dose of L-dopa and alleviating LID by normalising neurochemical 
    42 gic neuromodulation by systemic injection of L-DOPA and Carbidopa (LDC) or by local application of DA
  
    44 lectrode fouling caused by polymerization of L-DOPA and endogenous catecholamines on the electrode su
    45 st Parkinson's disease patients will receive l-DOPA and eventually develop hyperkinetic involuntary m
    46 e confirmed increased Nptx2 expression after L-DOPA and its blockade by SL327 using quantitative RT-P
    47 lts indicate that the combination of chronic L-DOPA and NET-mediated DA reuptake in lesioned nigrostr
  
    49 ns and attenuates the behavioral response to l-DOPA and presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamate neurot
  
  
  
  
    54 minergic neurons, the behavioral response to l-DOPA, and presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamate neuro
    55 dependent of whether patients were ON or OFF l-DOPA, and were associated with increases in subthalami
  
    57 eran insects demonstrated that low levels of l-DOPA are rapidly metabolized into intermediates by phe
  
    59 hod, employing l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as a reducing/capping reagent, for the synthesis
    60  By boosting dopamine levels using levodopa (l-DOPA) as human subjects made economic decisions and re
  
    62 eliable tool that allows a better measure of L-DOPA augmented dopamine release in vivo, measured usin
    63 phenolic that may have beneficial effects in L-DOPA-based treatment of Parkinson patients by inhibiti
    64 (DA) precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), but its prolonged use causes dyskinesias referr
  
    66 n by excessive extracellular DA derived from L-DOPA, but potential involvement of DA reuptake in LID 
  
    68 tant mice exhibit an exaggerated response to l-DOPA compared with control mice, suggesting that prese
    69 Moreover, coadministration of rapamycin with L-DOPA counteracts L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in wild-ty
  
  
    72 ent evidence links LID to excessive striatal L-dopa-derived dopamine (DA) release, while the possibil
  
  
    75 arious organic and inorganic species such as l-dopa, dopac, iron(II), and iodide are measured by bare
  
  
    78 ring frequency significantly increased in ON L-DOPA dyskinetic 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, sugge
  
  
    81 or the selective and precise analysis of DA, l-Dopa, EP and NE in pharmaceutical formulations, urine 
  
    83 atecholamines viz., dopamine (DA), levodopa (l-Dopa), epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) using 
    84 study, pigments produced with L-dopa, methyl-L-dopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine precursors are c
  
  
    87 owerful clinical option as an alternative to L-DOPA, especially in the early stages of the disease, b
    88 esia (LID) develops after repeated levodopa (l-DOPA) exposure in Parkinson disease patients and remai
  
  
  
  
    93 ly used in treating these disorders, such as L-DOPA for Parkinson's disease, methylphenidate for atte
  
  
  
    97 s of protected forms of (R)-beta(3)-DOPA and L-DOPA from the same aziridine, the former by SmI2-media
    98  and treatment whereby, among lesioned rats, l-DOPA given acutely (1 d) or chronically (14-16 d) redu
  
   100 ediated inhibition of DA uptake in the DMI + L-DOPA group compared with L-DOPA-alone group in lesione
   101 ent groups, with increased ppERK1/2 in DMI + L-DOPA group compared with the L-DOPA- and DMI-alone gro
  
  
  
   105   The symptoms of parkinsonism improved with l-DOPA; however, nearly all patients experienced early m
   106  course analysis (0-6 h after treatment with L-DOPA) identified an acute signature of 709 genes, amon
  
  
   109     The enhanced behavioral sensitization to l-DOPA in TAAR1 KO mice was paralleled by increased phos
   110 riatal neurons and in vivo on the effects of L-dopa in the 6OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) contralateral tu
  
   112  identified a molecular signature induced by L-DOPA in the dopamine-denervated striatum that is depen
   113   This novel finding suggests the utility of l-DOPA in the field of implantable medical devices, such
  
   115 lay major roles in the cellular responses to l-DOPA in the striatum, these findings prompted us to ex
   116 transferase (COMT)-mediated O-methylation of L-DOPA in vitro, only (+)-catechin exerts a significant 
  
  
  
  
   121 ression of FosB, the immediate early gene of L-dopa induced dyskinesia (LID), was mitigated in the st
   122 ly involved in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease 
   123 mouse model of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease 
  
   125 disease and in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID), a common motor complic
   126 implicated in 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID), a motor complication a
   127 ly involved in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID), the debilitating side-
  
  
   130  in the dorsal striatum dramatically reduced l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements compared w
   131 es demonstrate that, in D1R-expressing MSNs, l-DOPA-induced activation of ERK and mTORC1 requires DAR
   132 emonstrate that this protein is required for l-DOPA-induced activation of the extracellular signal-re
  
   134 ficacy decreases, and side effects including l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) increase, affecting up t
   135 tating abnormal involuntary movements termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a clinically significan
  
   137 triatonigral neurons reduces the severity of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a finding that correlat
   138 amine D(1) receptor (D1R) is associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a major complication of
  
  
  
  
  
  
   145 endent protein kinase on DARPP-32 attenuates l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and reduces the concomitant ac
   146   The protein DREAM decreases development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice and reduces L-DOPA-ind
   147 s such as Huntington's disease, dystonia and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease are all
   148 Overall, the present study demonstrates that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with increased M
  
   150 ic microinjections into M1 demonstrated that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was reduced by M1 infusion of 
   151 at activate DREAM may be useful to alleviate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without interfering with the t
  
  
  
  
  
   157 HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors effectively blocks L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in animal models of dopamine 
   158 razine, a 5-HT1A/B receptor agonist, against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's 
   159 tration of rapamycin with L-DOPA counteracts L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in wild-type mice, but not in
   160 ltoprazine caused a significant reduction of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias on area under the curves of C
  
  
  
  
  
  
   167 -DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice and reduces L-DOPA-induced expression of FosB, phosphoacetylated his
   168 represent a promising approach to decreasing L-DOPA-induced motor complications in Parkinson's diseas
   169 oamphetamine increased both the baseline and l-dopa-induced normal ambulatory and dyskinetic movement
   170 tromedial striatum, +/-8-OH-DPAT potentiated l-DOPA-induced pERK; in the motor cortex, +/-8-OH-DPAT p
   171      Conversely, RO5166017 counteracted both l-DOPA-induced rotation and dyskinesia as well as AMPA r
  
  
  
   175  involving methylation-dependent pathways in L-dopa induces PP2A hypomethylation and increases Tau ph
   176    Together, these findings demonstrate that l-DOPA induces widespread changes to striatal DNA methyl
   177  and even be hyperactive 72 h after the last L-DOPA injection when dopamine was almost completely dep
   178 eficient (DD) mice, which had received daily L-DOPA injections, could move effectively and even be hy
  
  
  
   182 kinsonian drug l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), is accompanied by activation of cAMP signaling 
   183 ent with Levodopa [L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)] is the gold standard treatment of Parkinson's d
  
   185 ergic signaling using the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or dopamine recept
   186 unilateral lesions were then challenged with l-dopa (levodopa) and various dopamine receptor agonists
   187 ion administration of the dopamine precursor L-dopa makes extinction memories context-independent, th
  
   189 In the current study, pigments produced with L-dopa, methyl-L-dopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine p
   190 d (quercetin), for their ability to modulate L-DOPA methylation and to protect against oxidative hipp
   191 e stronger in vivo effect of (+)-catechin on L-DOPA methylation compared to the other dietary compoun
   192 -catechin exerts a significant inhibition of L-DOPA methylation in both peripheral compartment and st
   193 reatment of Parkinson patients by inhibiting L-DOPA methylation plus reducing oxidative neurodegenera
   194 gallate, a tea polyphenol, not only inhibits L-DOPA methylation, but also protects against oxidative 
  
   196 regulation is critical for the activation by L-DOPA of D(1)R-stimulated cAMP/PKA but not ERK signalin
   197 te that acupuncture enhances the benefits of L-dopa on motor function with reduced dose of L-dopa and
  
   199 ole by examining the effect of its precursor L-DOPA on the choices of healthy human participants in a
   200 ontaining neurons have a reduced response to L-DOPA on the therapeutic parameters, but develop dyskin
  
  
   203 e in vivo, caused by one injection of either l-DOPA or cocaine, induced adult-like, non-desensitizing
   204  Vesicular content was markedly increased by L-DOPA or decreased by reserpine in a time-dependent man
  
  
  
   208 were abolished by the antiparkinsonian drug, L-DOPA, or by SKF81297, a dopamine D1-type receptor agon
   209  coating, poly(butadiene-maleic anhydride-co-L-DOPA) (PBMAD), to non-bioadhesive nanospheres resulted
  
  
   212 dministration of caffeine with a low dose of l-DOPA reduces dyskinesia in animals with striatopallida
  
   214      Restoration of dopamine transmission by l-DOPA relieves symptoms of PD but causes severe side ef
   215 ration of dopamine transmission by levodopa (L-DOPA) relieves motor symptoms of PD but often causes d
  
  
  
  
  
   221 ects, we generated a knock-in mouse model of l-DOPA-responsive dystonia (DRD) mice that recapitulates
  
   223 9S and R1441C mutant transgenic rats exhibit L-DOPA-responsive motor dysfunction, impaired striatal d
  
  
   226 minergic neurons, and in wild-type mice that l-dopa results in a reduced SAM/SAH ratio that is associ
   227 ernal dopamine metabolism with the precursor l-DOPA, resuming oogenesis and stimulating egg productio
   228 ped side effects from their long-term use of L-dopa revealed, in some cases, the presence of dyskines
  
   230  has enabled rapid and reliable detection of L-DOPA's effects on striatal dopamine signaling in intac
  
  
   233     In contrast, administration of 200 mg/kg L-DOPA significantly increased the amplitude of evoked d
   234 in combination with a suprathreshold dose of L-DOPA (Sinemet(R)) in 22 patients with Parkinson's dise
   235 uction was similar between acute and chronic l-DOPA, SKF81297 caused the largest increase in striatal
  
  
  
   239 o their sustantia nigra or by treatment with l-DOPA, suggesting that alpha-SYN regulates dopamine ava
   240 elationship was significantly stronger under L-Dopa than under Placebo, suggesting that the impact of
   241 f phenylalanine into tyrosine, tyrosine into L-dopa (the precursor of dopamine), and tryptophan into 
  
   243 studying the molecular mechanisms underlying L-DOPA therapy and also promises to benefit a wide varie
  
   245    Therefore, targeting beta-arrestins in PD L-DOPA therapy might prove to be a desirable approach.  
  
  
  
   249 kinesia is an incapacitating complication of L-DOPA therapy that affects most patients with Parkinson
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   260 omography with the radiotracer [(18)F]fluoro-l-DOPA to quantify striatal presynaptic dopamine synthes
   261 o dyskinetic effects in lesioned rats, DMI + L-DOPA-treated rats gradually expressed more severe dysk
   262 omparable to mice given the standard dose of L-dopa treatment (15 mg/kg) only, and that (2) the combi
   263 nkey model of PD; (2) to investigate whether l-dopa treatment alleviates sleep disorders; and (3) to 
  
   265 eurons by ablating them before initiation of L-DOPA treatment and determining whether it decreases LI
   266  LTP, depotentiation, and LTP restored after L-DOPA treatment but also disclose multifaceted synaptic
  
  
   269 the impact of CK2 ablation on the effects of l-DOPA treatment in the unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned mouse
  
  
   272 hemical studies investigating the effects of L-DOPA treatment on electrically evoked dopamine release
  
  
   275 ns (6-OHDA) rendered dyskinetic with chronic L-DOPA treatment reveals a complex, Ras-GRF1 and pathway
   276 kinesia, but maintained motor improvement on L-DOPA treatment, suggesting a therapeutic benefit for R
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   287 the striatopallidal knock-out in response to l-DOPA treatment.Our work shows, in a rodent model of PD
  
  
  
  
  
   293 they received one of the following: placebo, L-DOPA (which increases dopamine levels in the brain), o
   294  catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine into l-DOPA, which is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis
   295 e advanced stages of PD, in conjunction with L-DOPA, which is used in this context at lower dosages, 
   296 potentiometry) toward two different species; l-dopa, which shows fast electron transfer on Pt, and ca
   297 of dSPNs exacerbated dyskinetic responses to L-DOPA, while stimulation of iSPNs inhibited these respo
   298 ral benefits of novel combination therapy of L-dopa with acupuncture on Parkinson's disease, and its 
  
   300 ydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats primed with L-DOPA, without causing primary hypolocomotive effects. 
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