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   1                                              L. monocytogenes 100S ribosomes were observed by sucrose
     2                                              L. monocytogenes elicited more potent simian immunodefic
     3                                              L. monocytogenes is the only pathogen known to possess b
     4                                              L. monocytogenes secA2 mutants form rough colonies, have
     5                                              L. monocytogenes strains that lack both prsA2 and htrA e
     6                                              L. monocytogenes was recovered in a dose-dependent manne
     7 cept a step further, vaccination of C57BL/6 (L. monocytogenes-resistant) and BALB/c (L. monocytogenes
  
     9 of the PrfA regulon and complementation of a L. monocytogenes mutant lacking all PrfA-regulated genes
  
    11 n the interaction of extracellular, adherent L. monocytogenes with the unique subsets of myeloid-deri
    12 h during early phagosome formation and after L. monocytogenes escaped the original containment vacuol
    13 inflammatory cytokines triggered early after L. monocytogenes infection in controlling PDL-1-mediated
    14 a, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-17, or perforin after L. monocytogenes infection, and some effector Vgamma2Vde
  
    16 tical role for C5aR1 in host defense against L. monocytogenes through the suppression of type 1 IFN e
    17 n to be important for early defenses against L. monocytogenes in the spleen, as well as a decrease in
    18 otential or a decrease in protection against L. monocytogenes Instead, ecSOD activity enhances the pr
    19 L-23 is required for host resistance against L. monocytogenes and for neutrophil recruitment to the l
    20 y dynamic during the innate response against L. monocytogenes and that the protective IL-6 function i
  
  
  
    24 sion of the cell surface protein ActA allows L. monocytogenes to activate host actin regulatory facto
  
  
  
    28 ype 6 had agreements of 95.7% and 85.7%, and L. monocytogenes and N. meningitidis were not observed i
    29 ach of the target species of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, along with five strains of the non-tar
    30 educed the population of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes by 1.48 and 0.47 log cfu/ml respectivel
    31 oemulsion (AO75) reduced E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes count by 2.51 and 1.64 log cfu/ml, resp
    32 onocytogenes DeltaactA DeltainlB (LmII), and L. monocytogenes DeltaactA DeltainlB prfA* (LmIII), we c
  
  
    35 not been performed to investigate human anti-L. monocytogenes immune responses, including those of Ag
    36 aking it interesting to explore in vivo anti-L. monocytogenes immune responses of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T ce
  
    38 ow that the vast majority of cell-associated L. monocytogenes in the gut were adhered to Ly6C(hi) mon
    39 genous and overexpressed OCRL are present at L. monocytogenes invasion foci; live-cell imaging additi
  
    41 ic infection and reinfection with attenuated L. monocytogenes uncovered the ability of Vgamma2Vdelta2
    42  study showed that avoidance of autophagy by L. monocytogenes primarily involves PlcA and ActA and th
    43 iota and promotes intestinal colonization by L. monocytogenes, as well as deeper organ infection.    
    44 as not observed in the protrusions formed by L. monocytogenes, whose dissemination did not rely on PI
    45 es to the Rab32 subnetwork in DCs induced by L. monocytogenes infection and uncovered an essential ro
    46 012; P < .001) and emergence of infection by L. monocytogenes genotype sequence type 6 (ST6; 4% in 19
    47 determinants that contribute to infection by L. monocytogenes, the causative agent of the foodborne d
  
    49 be useful in the fight against infections by L. monocytogenes and other bacteria that use similar str
  
    51 d associate modulation of host microbiota by L. monocytogenes epidemic strains to increased virulence
  
    53 tributes to efficient cell-to-cell spread by L. monocytogenes in macrophages in vitro and growth of t
    54 represent the initial point of entry used by L. monocytogenes for infection, the innate immune respon
    55 L/6 (L. monocytogenes-resistant) and BALB/c (L. monocytogenes-susceptible) mice with adenoviral vecto
    56 cation within the cytosol of infected cells, L. monocytogenes utilizes two multidrug efflux pumps, Md
  
    58 4-deficient (Irf4(-/-)) mice could not clear L. monocytogenes infection and generated decreased numbe
    59 ified among a collection of 57,820 confirmed L. monocytogenes strains isolated from a variety of sour
  
    61 ion, we show that Ag delivery by cytoplasmic L. monocytogenes causes selective loss of 2W1S(+) offspr
    62 inks E-cadherin to F-actin, did not decrease L. monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells in tissue 
    63  host tissues and showed that each decreases L. monocytogenes systemic dissemination in orally inocul
    64  found that lipoate protein ligase-deficient L. monocytogenes (DeltalplA1) mutants, which display imp
    65 ealing, revealing that perforation-dependent L. monocytogenes endocytosis is distinct from the reseal
    66  OCRL promotes actin depolymerization during L. monocytogenes infection; in agreement with this hypot
    67  the mechanism for IFNbeta expression during L. monocytogenes infection in human myeloid cells remain
    68  and C5a modulate IFN-beta expression during L. monocytogenes infection were not examined in these in
    69 arizes the requirement of neutrophils during L. monocytogenes infection by examining both neutrophil 
  
  
  
    73 dborne infection of mice with GFP-expressing L. monocytogenes, a small percentage of CD103(neg) and C
    74 EGDe) and mouse-adapted (InlA(m)-expressing) L. monocytogenes recovered from the mesenteric lymph nod
  
    76 ance of the innate immune system in fighting L. monocytogenes infection, little is known about the ro
  
  
  
  
    81 mum conditions, limit of detection (LOD) for L. monocytogenes reached as low as 3.5x10(1)CFUmL(-1) in
    82 ted the importance of aerobic metabolism for L. monocytogenes infection, these findings provide furth
  
  
  
  
    87 sults indicate that the only requirement for L. monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells is adhesio
    88 teria, PrsA2 exhibits unique specificity for L. monocytogenes target proteins required for pathogenes
  
  
    91 e previously infected with a relatively high L. monocytogenes dose displayed highly similar Ag-specif
  
    93 ithelium and macrophages and have identified L. monocytogenes as a source of ligand for the orphan re
  
    95 ) and high-throughput microscopy to identify L. monocytogenes mutants defective in optimal intracellu
    96 unctive dexamethasone may be discontinued if L. monocytogenes is identified, as there is no proven be
    97 stitutively virulent state strongly impaired L. monocytogenes performance in soil, the natural habita
  
  
   100 that GpsB, PBP A1 and PgdA form a complex in L. monocytogenes and identified the regions in PBP A1 an
   101 fy LLS as the first bacteriocin described in L. monocytogenes and associate modulation of host microb
   102 fatty acid incorporation was not detected in L. monocytogenes unless the pathway was partially inacti
  
   104 equency, PrfA(-)/LLO(-) mutational events in L. monocytogenes lead to niche restriction and open an e
  
  
   107 ontaneous virulence-attenuating mutations in L. monocytogenes Sixty nonhemolytic isolates were identi
  
  
   110 in-associated virulence and organ tropism in L. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cas
   111  for normal cell morphology and virulence in L. monocytogenes; however, the mechanism of export via t
   112 clearance of pathogenic organisms, including L. monocytogenes The diverse roles of neutrophils during
   113 es infection was largely caused by increased L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis of myeloid and lympho
  
  
   116 steriolysin O (LLO), is sufficient to induce L. monocytogenes internalization into human epithelial c
  
   118 asma membrane resealing process, LLO-induced L. monocytogenes internalization requires both Ca2+ and 
   119  Here we demonstrate that, during infection, L. monocytogenes triggers the cellular redistribution of
   120  a cell type that inefficiently internalized L. monocytogenes With bone marrow-derived in vitro cultu
  
   122 nzyme) decreases the levels of intracellular L. monocytogenes and of actin associated with invading b
   123 r, but the small proportion of intracellular L. monocytogenes is essential for dissemination to the M
   124 t cell lamellipodin (Lpd) with intracellular L. monocytogenes detectable 6 h postinfection of epithel
  
   126 sponse to different types of systemic (LCMV, L. monocytogenes) and/or localized (influenza virus) inf
   127  visualize intracellular cdiA levels in live L. monocytogenes strains and to determine the catalytic 
   128 s vectors, L. monocytogenes DeltaactA (LmI), L. monocytogenes DeltaactA DeltainlB (LmII), and L. mono
   129  monocytogenes infection could directly lyse L. monocytogenes-infected target cells and inhibit intra
   130 m perforation and contributes to maintaining L. monocytogenes in a bactericidal phagosome from which 
  
   132 ice with adenoviral vectors encoding natural L. monocytogenes-derived soluble Ags (listeriolysin O an
   133  findings are consistent with the ability of L. monocytogenes to switch between terminal oxidases und
  
   135 portance of considering clonal background of L. monocytogenes isolates in surveillance, epidemiologic
   136  In addition, significantly lower burdens of L. monocytogenes were recovered from the colon, spleen, 
   137 longed to phylogenetically diverse clades of L. monocytogenes, and most were identified among nonclin
   138 Finally, CCL8-mediated enhanced clearance of L. monocytogenes was dependent on gamma/delta T cells.  
   139 the presence of ecSOD decreases clearance of L. monocytogenes while increasing the recruitment of neu
   140  that are required for ultimate clearance of L. monocytogenes, including neutrophils, macrophages, de
   141 used 20 signature-tagged wild-type clones of L. monocytogenes in guinea pigs in combination with exte
  
  
   144  invaded organs and higher concentrations of L. monocytogenes in almost all organs than nonpregnant a
   145 ion of any host cell death in the context of L. monocytogenes infection inhibited the generation of p
  
   147  anti-IL-6 mAb displayed impaired control of L. monocytogenes infection accompanied by alterations in
  
  
  
   151 cceeded in inactivating over 5 log cycles of L. monocytogenes and maximizing inactivation of PPO and 
   152 tance are highly upregulated determinants of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis that are required for avoi
   153 viously infected with a relative low dose of L. monocytogenes CD44(hi)CD4(+) T cells from I-A(100%) a
   154 rate that mice infected with lethal doses of L. monocytogenes produce higher levels of fibrin and dis
   155 animals, however, can tolerate high doses of L. monocytogenes without developing systemic disease.   
  
  
   158 tablished that the major virulence factor of L. monocytogenes, the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O
   159  are not a niche for intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes during intestinal infection of mice.   
   160 -CSF readily supported exponential growth of L. monocytogenes Flt3 ligand-induced cultures yielded CD
   161 ages fully supported intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes In contrast, inflammatory monocytes tha
   162 e escape and initial intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes in epithelial cells and macrophages but
   163 cient to support the intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes Our results show that FabI is the prima
   164 phagy was required to restrict the growth of L. monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen that damages
   165 vation prevented the intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes, showing that neither FabK nor the inco
  
  
   168 ts achieved higher levels of inactivation of L. monocytogenes and of the oxidative enzymes, succeedin
   169 y, Toso(-/-) mice succumbed to infections of L. monocytogenes, whereas WT mice successfully eliminate
  
   171 multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes to stimulate host production of IFN-bet
  
   173 that NMHC-IIA limits intracellular levels of L. monocytogenes, and this is dependent on the phosphory
   174 er, these data reveal that the modulation of L. monocytogenes infection by treatment with lactobacill
   175 c-di-AMP), a secondary messenger molecule of L. monocytogenes, in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells and i
   176 Lpd resulted in an increase in the number of L. monocytogenes-containing protrusions (listeriopods). 
   177 infection and generated decreased numbers of L. monocytogenes-specific CD8(+) T cells with impaired e
   178 icate that the characteristic orientation of L. monocytogenes must be due to polarized ActA rather th
   179 d contribution of LLO to the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes, we developed a screen that combined sa
   180 ified the LLO-dependent endocytic pathway of L. monocytogenes and support a novel model for pathogen 
  
   182 emic infection, the massive proliferation of L. monocytogenes in Perforin-2(-/-)mice leads to a rapid
  
   184 malian infection; however, the proportion of L. monocytogenes that is intracellular in vivo has not b
  
   186 mplications for innate immune recognition of L. monocytogenes in the gut and highlight the need for a
   187 not the result of an enhanced recruitment of L. monocytogenes to the gestational uterus but rather is
   188 stigate whether intracellular replication of L. monocytogenes was essential during the intestinal pha
  
  
   191  that GpsB influences lysozyme resistance of L. monocytogenes as mutant strains lacking gpsB showed a
   192 myeloid cells specifically near the sites of L. monocytogenes replication within the MLN to restrict 
   193 ial for dissemination and systemic spread of L. monocytogenes In this article, we show that the vast 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   200 ddress this question, we designed strains of L. monocytogenes that robustly activate necrosis, apopto
  
   202 nscriptome and up-regulated transcription of L. monocytogenes genes encoding enzymes allowing utiliza
   203 counting for the more rapid translocation of L. monocytogenes to its replicative niche in the cytosol
   204  compared i.v. and foodborne transmission of L. monocytogenes in mice lacking the common type I IFN r
  
  
   207 use of opsonized bacteria enhanced uptake of L. monocytogenes in CD64(-) monocytes, but very few bact
   208 r functional complementation of a variety of L. monocytogenes PrsA2-associated phenotypes central to 
   209  also affected the intracellular velocity of L. monocytogenes, with a reduction in Lpd corresponding 
  
   211 fect of treatment with each Lactobacillus on L. monocytogenes counts in host tissues and showed that 
   212 icroscopy revealed that deposition of LC3 on L. monocytogenes-containing vacuoles via noncanonical au
   213 PgdA and OatA, confer lysozyme resistance on L. monocytogenes; however, these enzymes are also conser
  
  
  
  
  
  
   220 se, are less capable of killing phagocytosed L. monocytogenes, and have decreased oxidative burst.   
  
  
  
  
   225 otection in C57BL/6 mice against recombinant L. monocytogenes expressing an immunodominant epitope of
   226 ugh its phosphatase activity, OCRL restricts L. monocytogenes invasion by modulating actin dynamics a
  
  
   229 amma2Vdelta2 T effector cells in subclinical L. monocytogenes infection could directly lyse L. monocy
  
   231 ized clusters with myeloid cells surrounding L. monocytogenes replication foci only after a secondary
  
   233 y, we demonstrated that subclinical systemic L. monocytogenes infection of rhesus macaques via parent
  
  
   236 ntial for aerobic growth, demonstrating that L. monocytogenes SpxA1 likely regulates a distinct set o
   237 uman primate LD50s, but the observation that L. monocytogenes-induced stillbirths can be seen in guin
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   246  are highly conserved in Firmicutes, and the L. monocytogenes genome contains two paralogues, spxA1 a
   247 these data indicate that the majority of the L. monocytogenes burden in the gastrointestinal tract is
   248 e present the first crystal structure of the L. monocytogenes CdaA diadenylate cyclase domain that is
   249 ach Lactobacillus significantly reshaped the L. monocytogenes transcriptome and up-regulated transcri
   250 ape, and subsequent cell-to-cell spread, the L. monocytogenes factors required for rapid replication 
   251 idates expressing r30 linked in frame to the L. monocytogenes listeriolysin O signal sequence and dri
  
  
  
  
   256 genes PrsA2-associated phenotypes central to L. monocytogenes pathogenesis and bacterial cell physiol
   257 gnancy outcomes in gerbils orally exposed to L. monocytogenes, to compare the dose-response data to t
   258 ncreased susceptibility of C3aR(-/-) mice to L. monocytogenes infection was largely caused by increas
  
  
   261 the bone marrow of BALB/c/By/J mice prior to L. monocytogenes exposure in the gut did not support L. 
  
   263 for infection, the innate immune response to L. monocytogenes in these cells has been poorly characte
  
  
  
   267 a signaling on the innate immune response to L. monocytogenes may be an artifact of the i.v. infectio
   268 been reported to impede the host response to L. monocytogenes through the promotion of splenocyte dea
   269  suppress IFN-beta production in response to L. monocytogenes via cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a seconda
   270 known to be critical in the host response to L. monocytogenes, including IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.    
  
   272 nsic role of Tim-3, we analyzed responses to L. monocytogenes infection by WT and Tim-3 KO TCR-transg
  
   274 and C3aR(-/-) mice are highly susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection as a result of increased IFN-
   275 cking the Ccl8 gene were more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection than were wild-type mice.    
   276 rvation of the TA inhibitory activity toward L. monocytogenes, the possibility of being magnetically 
  
  
  
   280 ional modification event and show that, upon L. monocytogenes infection, Src phosphorylates NMHC-IIA 
   281 fective cell-mediated immune responses using L. monocytogenes-based immunotherapeutic platforms.     
   282 rotection against fetal wastage and in utero L. monocytogenes invasion was maintained even when CXCR3
   283 g three attenuated L. monocytogenes vectors, L. monocytogenes DeltaactA (LmI), L. monocytogenes Delta
  
  
   286 ts support a novel dissemination model where L. monocytogenes replicates in intestinal villi, is shed
  
   288 neumophila infection of macrophages, whereas L. monocytogenes short-circuits this pathway by producin
   289 ptake systems may offer a mechanism by which L. monocytogenes can respond to zinc deficiency within a
  
   291 nalysis of wild-type (WT) mice infected with L. monocytogenes revealed that Tim-3 was transiently exp
   292  memory CD8 T-cells following infection with L. monocytogenes either expressing or not cognate Ag.   
   293 egression analysis identified infection with L. monocytogenes ST6 as the sole predictor of unfavorabl
  
  
   296 ant milk formula, previously inoculated with L. monocytogenes, inhibited the growth of bacteria 1.5 l
   297 in the first few minutes of interaction with L. monocytogenes, granules can fuse with the plasma memb
  
   299 nd that, upon access to the host cytosol, WT L. monocytogenes utilized PLCs and ActA to avoid subsequ
   300 t shortly after phagocytosis, wild-type (WT) L. monocytogenes escaped from a noncanonical autophagic 
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