ライフサイエンスコーパス: L. pneumophila

1 L. pneumophila (lspF) mutants lacking type II protein se

2 L. pneumophila adhesion on these biofilm under low flow

3 L. pneumophila delivers almost 300 effector proteins int

4 L. pneumophila encodes more than 300 putative effectors,

5 L. pneumophila GTPase-activating protein LepB inactivate

6 L. pneumophila is able to infect alveolar macrophages in

7 L. pneumophila is well known as the cause of Legionnaire

8 L. pneumophila lacking lppA replicated less efficiently

9 L. pneumophila mutant strains lacking EnhC (DeltaenhC) i

10 L. pneumophila mutants lacking SidD were defective for R

11 L. pneumophila pathogenicity relies on secretion of more

12 L. pneumophila possesses three proteins, PlaA, PlaC, and

13 L. pneumophila replicates in protozoa and mammalian phag

14 L. pneumophila replicates within macrophages by using a

15 L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates (n = 106) from the s

16 L. pneumophila strain JR32 contains two virulence-associ

17 L. pneumophila strain Lp02, which is attenuated in the a

18 L. pneumophila TLR ligands induced the splicing of mRNA

19 L. pneumophila triggers the reduction of several sphingo

20 L. pneumophila was able to inhibit both chemical and bac

21 The 2011 and 2013 L. pneumophila patient isolates were serogroup 1 and clo

22 WGS data from 229 L. pneumophila ST1 isolates were analyzed, including 99

23 , we report the sequence and analyses of 364 L. pneumophila genomes, including 337 from the five dise

24 er treatment to characterize and eliminate a L. pneumophila population responsible for nosocomial inf

25 t Ab-mediated protection is effective across L. pneumophila serogroups, suggesting that Abs specific

26 ers in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung after L. pneumophila challenge.

27 relevant for Ab-mediated protection against L. pneumophila.

28 ntribute to the host immune response against L. pneumophila during pulmonary infection.

29 ay contribute to the immune response against L. pneumophila.

30 prophylactic potential in restricting airway L. pneumophila replication.

31 y in response to iron limitation that allows L. pneumophila to abandon the host cell when nutrients a

32 Although L. pneumophila utilizes host amino acids as the main sou

33 Inside amoebae, L. pneumophila was detected in 13.9% (6/43) of the isola

34 genetic diversity and clonal expansion among L. pneumophila bacteria.

35 ocated inefficiently into cultured cells, an L. pneumophila DeltalpdA mutant displayed reduced replic

36 n among disinfectant residual, biofilms, and L. pneumophila, which provides guidelines to assess and

37 the Dot/Icm system from both C. burnetii and L. pneumophila.

38 Bordetella pertussis, Escherichia coli, and L. pneumophila.

39 racellular colocalization of B. neotomae and L. pneumophila was required for rescue and that colocali

40 ring the wet season than the dry season, and L. pneumophila was only observed during the wet season.

41 TBK1/IRF3 pathway during M. tuberculosis and L. pneumophila infection of macrophages, whereas L. mono

42 sinfectant to release the biofilm-associated L. pneumophila from these two types of biofilms, the L.

43 his study, the release of biofilm-associated L. pneumophila under simulated drinking water flow conta

44 We determined the connection between L. pneumophila adhesion and subsequent detachment with b

45 Given the intimate interaction between L. pneumophila and the endoplasmic reticulum, we investi

46 model to investigate the interaction between L. pneumophila and the host.

47 hat LtpD is a novel phosphoinositide-binding L. pneumophila effector that has a role in intracellular

48 moebas naturally colonized the six SDSs, but L. pneumophila and M. avium were not detected.

49 al de novo synthesis of these amino acids by L. pneumophila.

50 array was used to identify genes affected by L. pneumophila 6S RNA in stationary phase.

51 ously derived rhizoferrin are assimilated by L. pneumophila in an LbtU- and LbtC-dependent manner.

52 mg/L, 10/11 sites (91%) were contaminated by L. pneumophila serogroups 3 and 10.

53 Since death by L. pneumophila infection depends on the early anti-micro

54 solized bacteria, and infection of humans by L. pneumophila can result in a severe pneumonia called L

55 -mediated inflammasome activation induced by L. pneumophila.

56 However, the infection event mediated by L. pneumophila Cas2 appeared to be distinct from this fu

57 ortant for phagosomal membrane remodeling by L. pneumophila.

58 usly that PlaC is the major GCAT secreted by L. pneumophila and that the zinc metalloproteinase ProA

59 We now report that two molecules secreted by L. pneumophila, homogentisic acid (HGA) and its polymeri

60 ious proteomic analysis revealed that T2S by L. pneumophila 130b mediates the export of >25 proteins,

61 Compared with Escherichia coli, L. pneumophila encodes fewer canonical single-stranded e

62 mbda phage library representing the complete L. pneumophila genome and two-dimensional gel electropho

63 troscopy to directly sort pellets containing L. pneumophila cells, expelled by T. thermophila, and to

64 ned interactions between vacuoles containing L. pneumophila and the host ER.

65 al structure and local hydrodynamics control L. pneumophila adhesion to and detachment from simulated

66 spase-11-dependent pyroptosis by cytoplasmic L. pneumophila-derived LPS required Gbp(chr3) proteins.

67 ng bacterial products into the host cytosol, L. pneumophila also activates cytosolic immunosurveillan

68 to T4SS-sufficient, but not T4SS-deficient, L. pneumophila.

69 Analysis of defined L. pneumophila knock-out mutants indicated Lsp-dependent

70 PlcA and PlcB are two previously defined L. pneumophila proteins with homology to the phosphatidy

71 fections with the cytosol-invading DeltasdhA L. pneumophila mutant was similarly dependent on Gbp(chr

72 lic sensors called inflammasomes that detect L. pneumophila in vitro and in vivo.

73 y, two primer/probe sets (one able to detect L. pneumophila and the other L. pneumophila Sg1) were de

74 ecognition receptor-deficient mice displayed L. pneumophila infection phenotypes similar to those of

75 maintained the protein level constant during L. pneumophila infection and conveyed caspase-1 activati

76 mmasome components in human monocytes during L. pneumophila infection revealed that the expression of

77 TRIF, and TBK1 in cytokine secretion during L. pneumophila infection of macrophages.

78 host unfolded protein response (UPR) during L. pneumophila infection.

79 xual response to DNA damage may have enabled L. pneumophila to acquire and propagate foreign genes, c

80 translocated effectors has probably enabled L. pneumophila to adapt to the intracellular life within

81 the gene encoding LegC4 resulted in enhanced L. pneumophila in the lungs of infected mice but not wit

82 enhanced the capacity of viable filamentous L. pneumophila to escape phagosomal killing in a length-

83 cance of PlaB-derived lipolytic activity for L. pneumophila intracellular replication.

84 s when molecular diagnostics are applied for L. pneumophila detection.

85 aired translocation of proteins critical for L. pneumophila intracellular growth.

86 Although the natural hosts for L. pneumophila are free-living protozoa that reside in f

87 ion in vitro Moreover, LbtP is important for L. pneumophila growth within macrophages while LbtU is d

88 come the new gold standard typing method for L. pneumophila.

89 moth Galleria mellonella as a new model for L. pneumophila infection.

90 n Rab6A' function and the role of Rab6A' for L. pneumophila growth within host cells has been unclear

91 colony-forming units (CFU) per reaction for L. pneumophila and three CFU per reaction for S. typhimu

92 hils are both an intracellular reservoir for L. pneumophila and a source of proinflammatory cytokines

93 9, was previously identified in a screen for L. pneumophila IDTS that manipulate secretory traffic wh

94 While the endogenous substrate for L. pneumophila LapG is unknown, the enzyme processed the

95 ips was optimized as a prescreening tool for L. pneumophila.

96 ar isotopologue patterns in amino acids from L. pneumophila wild type and the mutants under study ref

97 aptured DsbA2 P198T-substrate complexes from L. pneumophila by mass spectrometry identified periplasm

98 of the immunoglobulin-cleaving protease from L. pneumophila revealed that the protease is conserved a

99 ify the LegC3 secreted effector protein from L. pneumophila as able to inhibit a SNARE- and Rab GTPas

100 ole of another Rab1-interacting protein from L. pneumophila, the effector protein LidA, is poorly und

101 oiled-coiled domain containing proteins from L. pneumophila, LegC7/YlfA and LegC2/YlfB, did not inhib

102 output domain of the LapD-like receptor from L. pneumophila, CdgS9, binds the LapG ortholog involving

103 The use of 16s rRNA from L. pneumophila allowed for the detection of metabolicall

104 We found that the effector protein SidD from L. pneumophila catalyzed AMP release from Rab1, generati

105 we show that the effector protein VipD from L. pneumophila exhibits phospholipase A1 activity that i

106 Further, L. pneumophila DeltaenhC is specifically rescued in Nod1

107 environmental survival and virulence; e.g., L. pneumophila employs T2S for infection of amoebae, gro

108 erved in the same amino acids from LCV-grown L. pneumophila.

109 e cyclase (CyaA) assay in the surrogate host L. pneumophila.

110 These studies reveal how L. pneumophila creates a vacuole that supports intracell

111 However, L. pneumophila is able to suppress the UPR and block the

112 ient sera for reactivity with the identified L. pneumophila Ags.

113 erestingly, we show that the host identifies L. pneumophila infection as a form of endoplasmic reticu

114 independent methods to identify immunogenic L. pneumophila protein Ags, namely, the screening of a l

115 , loss of both LbtP and LbtU does not impair L. pneumophila growth in the amoebal host Acanthamoeba c

116 Although the ability of IFN-gamma to impede L. pneumophila growth is fully dependent on Stat1, IFN-a

117 In L. pneumophila, DsbA2 is maintained as a mixture of disu

118 In L. pneumophila, DsbA2 was maintained as a mixture of thi

119 exhibits the most prominent PLA activity in L. pneumophila.

120 approach to interfere with DsbA2 function in L. pneumophila determined that DSB oxidase activity was

121 Expression of IcaA in L. pneumophila inhibited the caspase-11 activation in ma

122 Related DGRs were identified in L. pneumophila clinical isolates that encode unique targ

123 lly abolishes the synthesis of pyomelanin in L. pneumophila cultures at 10 muM.

124 phtD loci contribute to thymidine salvage in L. pneumophila.

125 These results indicated that, in L. pneumophila, competence may be a response to genotoxi

126 -based typing (SBT) analysis of all incoming L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1) isolates to identify po

127 ba amino acids into the LCV and further into L. pneumophila where they served as precursors for bacte

128 vo synthesis of amino acids by intravacuolar L. pneumophila contributes to its nutrition.

129 Instead, the absence of LbtP limits L. pneumophila replication and causes bacteria to premat

130 pellets, detection methods for packaged live L. pneumophila forms remaining in water should be cultiv

131 Finally, when cultured in macrophages, L. pneumophila required the phtC-phtD locus to replicate

132 infection with wild-type but not T4SS mutant L. pneumophila Using confocal microscopy, it was determi

133 A total of 30 novel L. pneumophila B cell Ags were identified, the majority

134 cterial supernatants enhanced the ability of L. pneumophila and other species of Legionella to take u

135 '(Q72L) significantly reduced the ability of L. pneumophila to initiate intracellular replication in

136 enic evolution and nutritional adaptation of L. pneumophila and other intracellular bacteria to life

137 The results of phenotypic analyses of L. pneumophila strains lacking phtC or phtD strongly ind

138 together, genome-wide chromatin analysis of L. pneumophila-infected macrophages demonstrated inducti

139 Here, we show that upon attachment of L. pneumophila to human monocyte-derived macrophages (hM

140 However, after ingesting the cells of L. pneumophila, some protozoa expel them as compressed l

141 tematically comparing pulmonary clearance of L. pneumophila in C57BL/6 MyD88(-/-), TLR2(-/-), TLR3(-/

142 document the occurrence and colonization of L. pneumophila Sg1 in cold water delivered from point of

143 olling adhesion and subsequent detachment of L. pneumophila associated with biofilms remain unclear.

144 e direct, timely, and effective detection of L. pneumophila within man-made water systems.

145 n increased replication and dissemination of L. pneumophila and higher rates of mortality.

146 The exported AnkB F-box effector of L. pneumophila is anchored into the LCV membrane by host

147 in six other Legionella genomes, in entry of L. pneumophila into amoebae and macrophages and in host-

148 viable Legionella, shown with the example of L. pneumophila, ranging in a total concentration between

149 ost cell infection, VipD reduces exposure of L. pneumophila to the endosomal compartment and protects

150 e role of two important virulence factors of L. pneumophila, the potent danger signal flagellin and t

151 ector SdeA is a member of the SidE family of L. pneumophila effector proteins.

152 that members of the SidE effector family of L. pneumophila ubiquitinate multiple Rab small GTPases a

153 A key feature of L. pneumophila pathogenesis is the rapid influx of neutr

154 Fusions of L. pneumophila Icm/Dot-translocated substrates (IDTS) to

155 Phytate reversibly abolished growth of L. pneumophila in broth, and growth inhibition was relie

156 to support efficient intracellular growth of L. pneumophila.

157 monocytes via LILRA2 inhibited the growth of L. pneumophila.

158 two qPCR assays to evaluate the incidence of L. pneumophila Sg1.

159 yses indicate that environmental isolates of L. pneumophila have a potential positive selection for t

160 A library of L. pneumophila effectors was screened using an expressio

161 The intracellular lifestyle of L. pneumophila within protozoa is considered to be a fun

162 or of neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of L. pneumophila-infected mice.

163 ectious mature intracellular forms (MIFs) of L. pneumophila are considered as infectious particles mo

164 can be easily adapted for the monitoring of L. pneumophila serogroups in clinical and environmental

165 lla pneumophila or a nonpathogenic mutant of L. pneumophila.

166 Genetic screening using flagellin mutants of L. pneumophila as a surrogate host, reveals a novel C. b

167 Here we show the aroB and aroE mutants of L. pneumophila to be defective in growth in human monocy

168 Here, we used flagellin mutants of L. pneumophila, which bypass the NAIP5/NLRC4-mediated re

169 The large number of L. pneumophila effectors has been a limiting factor in a

170 th a role in the ecology and pathogenesis of L. pneumophila, HGA and HGA-melanin were effective at re

171 s not been characterized in the pathology of L. pneumophila TNFAIP2 messenger RNA and protein were up

172 Therefore, the shikimate pathway of L. pneumophila is differentially required for optimal gr

173 trol of Rab1 activity in different phases of L. pneumophila infection is thus established.

174 arly half of the taps showed the presence of L. pneumophila Sg1 in one sampling event, and 16% of tap

175 Intracellular proliferation of L. pneumophila in two evolutionarily distant hosts is fa

176 ient to power intracellular proliferation of L. pneumophila.

177 We now report that the Cas2 protein of L. pneumophila has both RNase and DNase activities, with

178 ntly, we determined that the Cas2 protein of L. pneumophila promotes intracellular infection of Acant

179 The bona fide F-box AnkB effector protein of L. pneumophila strain AA100/130b is anchored to the cyto

180 in different ways to the broad host range of L. pneumophila.

181 led to reduced intracellular replication of L. pneumophila Corby in A549 cells.

182 t for efficient intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.

183 s essential for intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.

184 s essential for intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.

185 The higher disinfectant resistance of L. pneumophila released from untreated biofilms was pres

186 e caspase-11 was required for restriction of L. pneumophila infection.

187 s the first step toward reducing the risk of L. pneumophila exposure and subsequent infections.

188 In a next step, clinical samples of L. pneumophila were analyzed using the FO-SPR sensor.

189 is the first example of a genome sequence of L. pneumophila from a serogroup other than serogroup 1.

190 nucleotides mismatches in another strain of L. pneumophila and a different bacterium species, respec

191 A single strain of L. pneumophila encodes a repertoire of over 300 differen

192 Here, we developed a strain of L. pneumophila producing a fusion protein consisting of

193 its catalytic mutant form, into a strain of L. pneumophila that naturally lacks a CRISPR-Cas locus c

194 pneumophila subsp. pneumophila, 3 strains of L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri or L. pneumophila subsp. p

195 ionella species or subspecies: 15 strains of L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila, 3 strains of L. pneum

196 Here, we determined the crystal structure of L. pneumophila RidL in complex with the human VPS29-VPS3

197 Crystal structures of L. pneumophila LapG provide the first atomic models of b

198 or phtD(+) alleles enhanced the survival of L. pneumophila thymidylate synthase (thyA)-deficient str

199 ar infection, and intrapulmonary survival of L. pneumophila, it exhibited antimicrobial activity towa

200 hese data demonstrate that the T2S system of L. pneumophila dampens the cytokine/chemokine output of

201 DotL, the T4CP of L. pneumophila, contains an ATPase domain and a C-termin

202 Upon further testing of L. pneumophila culture supernatants, we found that signi

203 genes of E. coli were replaced with those of L. pneumophila, motility was restored and DsbA2 was pres

204 This observation highlights the utility of L. pneumophila as a powerful tool for studying a critica

205 The virulence of L. pneumophila depends on its Dot/Icm type IV secretion

206 strains of L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri or L. pneumophila subsp. pascullei, 4 strains of "L. donald

207 pGpp and other stress signals to co-ordinate L. pneumophila differentiation.

208 able to detect L. pneumophila and the other L. pneumophila Sg1) were determined to be highly sensiti

209 spp. densities (likely including pathogenic L. pneumophila) were significantly higher in one type of

210 Only infection with pathogenic L. pneumophila resulted in ubiquitination of positive re

211 f genes characteristic of transmissive-phase L. pneumophila.

212 risks of pathogenic Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila), thus raising human health concerns.

213 The preadhered L. pneumophila on selected rough and smooth biofilms wer

214 iminated culturable Legionella and prevented L. pneumophila from recolonizing biofilms, but M. avium

215 ose that PhtC and PhtD contribute to protect L. pneumophila from dTMP starvation during its intracell

216 Indeed, lpg0273 protects L. pneumophila from toxic concentrations of nicotinic ac

217 se data suggest that the surfactant provides L. pneumophila with a selective advantage over other leg

218 and infectivity (to amoebae) of the released L. pneumophila were studied.

219 d by 16S rRNA qPCR) surrounding the released L. pneumophila.

220 In particular, when replicative L. pneumophila are treated with 5 mM nicotinic acid, the

221 of mouse caspase-11, cooperated to restrict L. pneumophila infection in human macrophages.

222 ound a superior role of IgG2c in restricting L. pneumophila replication in a prophylactic setting.

223 Here, we show that five secreted L. pneumophila effectors are responsible for the activat

224 Since L. pneumophila cells are hardly culturable from these pe

225 enetic element profiles, suggesting a single L. pneumophila population as the source of nosocomial in

226 mimicked thymidine limitation or starvation, L. pneumophila exhibited a marked requirement for PhtC f

227 olving a major nosocomial-associated strain, L. pneumophila sequence type (ST) 1.

228 tion of the ER-derived vacuole that supports L. pneumophila replication.

229 Stat1, IFN-alphabeta unexpectedly suppresses L. pneumophila growth in both Stat1- and Stat2-deficient

230 Thus, we demonstrate that L. pneumophila is able to inhibit the UPR by multiple me

231 tests with E. coli mutants established that L. pneumophila dsbA1, but not the dsbA2 strain, restored

232 This observation coupled with the fact that L. pneumophila does not encode TonB suggests that LbtU i

233 Previously, we found that L. pneumophila uses both a ferrisiderophore pathway and

234 lacking phtC or phtD strongly indicate that L. pneumophila requires PhtC and PhtD function under con

235 Here, we report that L. pneumophila differentiation is also triggered by nico

236 Here we report that L. pneumophila encodes an effector protein, named SidP,

237 Here we report that L. pneumophila translocates the effector protein sphingo

238 Furthermore, biochemical studies reveal that L. pneumophila uses two effectors (Lgt1 and Lgt2) to inh

239 ansmission electron microscopy revealed that L. pneumophila resided within insect hemocytes in a vacu

240 We show that L. pneumophila periplasmic protein EnhC, which is unique

241 We showed that L. pneumophila-induced TNFAIP2 expression is dependent o

242 genetic and phenotypic evidence suggest that L. pneumophila lacks a prototypic SOS response and compe

243 Our studies suggest that L. pneumophila proteins interact with ER tubules at an e

244 Thus, the pulmonary cell types that L. pneumophila infects not only may act as an intracellu

245 The L. pneumophila DGR is found within a horizontally acquir

246 The L. pneumophila population has evolved to comprise 3 clon

247 The L. pneumophila-containing vacuole evades fusion with lys

248 ophila from these two types of biofilms, the L. pneumophila release kinetics values from predisinfect

249 acquisition of foreign DNA has broadened the L. pneumophila host range.

250 entify and characterize sRNAs encoded in the L. pneumophila genome.

251 In the L. pneumophila strain 130b, one mechanism used to acquir

252 paralog of LbtU, in iron acquisition in the L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1.

253 Expression of the L. pneumophila DGR resulted in transfer of DNA sequence

254 However, inactivation of the L. pneumophila released from predisinfected biofilms was

255 Caspase-11 promoted the fusion of the L. pneumophila vacuole with lysosomes by modulating acti

256 We showed that the L. pneumophila arginine repressor homolog, ArgR, is requ

257 Mapping of these genes revealed that the L. pneumophila chromosome has a modular architecture con

258 gether, our study provides evidence that the L. pneumophila effector GobX exploits two post-translati

259 Here, we show that the L. pneumophila effector GobX possesses E3 ubiquitin liga

260 Here we show that the L. pneumophila effector Lpg1137 is a serine protease tha

261 Here we demonstrate that the L. pneumophila protein SidD preferably deAMPylates Rab1.

262 We show that the L. pneumophila Rab1-targeting effector DrrA is sufficien

263 We found that the L. pneumophila strains 130b, Paris, and JR32 caused mort

264 These data indicate that the L. pneumophila T2S system dampens the signaling of the T

265 Here, we report that the L. pneumophila virulence factor SidF is a phosphatidylin

266 is suggests a complex mechanism by which the L. pneumophila effector SidJ modulates the function of t

267 de novo assembly allowed comparison with the L. pneumophila Paris reference strain to infer phylogene

268 It remained unclear, however, whether these L. pneumophila proteins exhibit PLC activity.

269 nding interface on Rab5, explaining why this L. pneumophila effector can compete with cellular ligand

270 Thus, L. pneumophila can shut down ER-mitochondria communicati

271 htC and PhtD conferred a growth advantage to L. pneumophila thyA(+) strains.

272 large cohort of effectors that contribute to L. pneumophila virulence positively or negatively and ha

273 hat it is a virulence factor contributing to L. pneumophila infection in vivo.

274 ue and that colocalization came at a cost to L. pneumophila fitness.

275 Human exposure to L. pneumophila Sg1 may occur from aerosolization and sub

276 al initiator of the inflammatory response to L. pneumophila in vivo and point to an important role fo

277 and protein were upregulated in response to L. pneumophila infection of human-BDMs and human alveola

278 tral role in the transcriptional response to L. pneumophila METHODS: We infected human-blood-derived

279 o the production of IL-1alpha in response to L. pneumophila remain poorly defined.

280 phil recruitment to the lungs in response to L. pneumophila.

281 shapes the host transcriptional response to L. pneumophila.

282 ability to direct an innate response toward L. pneumophila.

283 host immunity and reveal a T4SS-translocated L. pneumophila phytase that counteracts intracellular ba

284 an essential carbon source for transmissive L. pneumophila.

285 Interference with AnkB function triggers L. pneumophila to exhibit a starvation response and diff

286 e able to promote Fe(3+) uptake by wild-type L. pneumophila as well as enhance growth of iron-starved

287 Wild-type L. pneumophila persisted and replicated within the larva

288 Furthermore, in contrast to wild-type L. pneumophila, a DeltasdhA mutant caused a transient de

289 4SS-translocated effectors and harbor viable L. pneumophila during pulmonary infection of mice.

290 utrophil recruitment in response to virulent L. pneumophila requires the production of IL-1alpha spec

291 IL-1alpha production in response to virulent L. pneumophila.

292 is transmitted by mammalian hosts, whereas, L. pneumophila is found primarily in the environment ass

293 ranes for biogenesis of the vacuole in which L. pneumophila replicates, these studies have revealed t

294 human-blood-derived macrophages (BDMs) with L. pneumophila and used chromatin immunoprecipitation fo

295 ted that a Dot/Icm substrate identified with L. pneumophila was also translocated by C. burnetii in a

296 demonstrated that macrophages infected with L. pneumophila exhibit mitogen-activated protein (MAP) k

297 se 13C-prelabeled amoebae were infected with L. pneumophila wild type or some mutants defective in pu

298 When mice were infected with L. pneumophila, immunoglobulins were cleaved and recogni

299 Infection of mouse macrophages with L. pneumophila wild type, plaB knock-out mutant, and pla

300 evealed that hospitals have been seeded with L. pneumophila via both local and international spread o