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1 version event involving an older preexisting L1 element.
2 ative selection within any subregions of the L1 element.
3 ears old) but not old (>6 million years old) L1 elements.
4 ts are probably mobilized in trans by active L1 elements.
5 retrotransposition frequencies among various L1 elements.
6 tiate retrotransposition rates among similar L1 elements.
7 s (0.60/kb), in addition to numerous MIR and L1 elements.
8 umulation of deleterious mutations caused by L1 elements.
9 representing a >20-fold increase over native L1 elements.
10 human genomic diversity associated with the L1 elements.
11 ess in humans is the highly abundant LINE-1 (L1) element.
13 ysis of the human EST database revealed that L1 elements also participate in splicing events with oth
18 ein factor involved in nuclear import of the L1 element and demonstrates that miR-128 controls L1 act
19 powerful system to study the cell biology of L1 elements and for the genetic identification and chara
21 its, and performed an integrated analysis of L1 elements and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i
23 etrotransposition by various human and mouse L1 elements, and detailed the kinetics of L1 retrotransp
31 s in which unique DNA segments downstream of L1 elements are mobilized as part of aberrant retrotrans
35 ols for in vivo mutagenesis; however, native L1 elements are relatively inactive in mice when introdu
37 A force of change in mammalian evolution, L1 elements are retrotransposons that have remained acti
39 erse transcription/integration reaction that L1 elements are thought to use during their retrotranspo
49 tion of high density and strand asymmetry of L1 elements at the imprinted Prader-Willi syndrome/Angel
52 esting that approximately 15% of full-length L1 elements bear evidence of flanking DNA segment transd
53 n-human primate genomes with 33 (14%) of the L1 elements being polymorphic with respect to insertion
54 locus despite differences in composition of L1 elements between rodent and human, requires a mechani
55 vation, these data suggest that unmethylated L1 elements, but not methylated L1s, may have a role in
60 nterspersed nuclear element-1; also known as L1) element can retrotranspose in neuronal precursors de
62 Thus, one or more properties unique to FL L1 elements constitute a genetic burden for modern human
66 man L1 retrotransposons, the 5' UTR of mouse L1 elements contains tandem repeats of approximately 200
67 t classes of mobile elements, namely Alu and L1 elements, continue to generate new retrotransposon in
68 use and rat models containing human or mouse L1 elements controlled by their endogenous promoters.
69 onuclease activity of endogenously expressed L1 elements could contribute to DSB formation in germ-li
70 ernal A particle and lose DNA methylation of L1 elements, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved r
78 e we characterize a novel subfamily of mouse L1 elements, G(F), which has unique monomer sequence and
79 f endogenous retrotransposons, predominantly L1 elements, greatly exceeding that reported in humans.
81 ere, we focus on a unique category of "half -L1" elements (HAL1s), which encode ORF1p but not ORF2p.
88 an evolution and characterized 21 loci where L1 elements have integrated without signs of endonucleas
91 mbination between the same L1 and a colinear L1 element in intron 2 of COL4A6, resulting in a>40-kb d
92 donor L1s revealed that a handful of source L1 elements in a tumor can spawn from tens to hundreds o
93 in ancestral L1 elements, the enrichment of L1 elements in GC-poor areas is likely due to insertiona
96 d increased copy numbers of species-specific L1 elements in the genome of chimpanzees compared to hum
97 nd 1/270 births, and the number of dimorphic L1 elements in the human population with gene frequencie
98 suggested that the only actively transposing L1 elements in the modern mouse genome were a young subf
102 plications tend to be co-inserted with young L1 elements, indicating recent retrotranspositional acti
103 ssion, we investigated whether a full-length L1 element inserted in the antisense orientation into an
104 rus vector enabled efficient delivery of the L1 element into differentiated primary human somatic cel
105 ha, thereby contributing to the packaging of L1 elements into transcriptionally repressive heterochro
109 f the ORF2 coding sequence from mouse A-type L1 elements is required for functional reverse transcrip
110 to yield species-specific clusters among the L1 elements isolated, and all Oryzomys sequences had num
111 otransposons are also the most highly active L1 elements known so far and have potential as practical
114 nucleotide sequences of the two full-length L1 elements, L1beta-thal and L1RP, that have inserted in
115 egion, we discovered a different full-length L1 element, L1Gg-1, which was allelic and present at a h
117 he X chromosome provide strong evidence that L1 elements may serve as DNA signals to propagate X inac
118 ence of non-homologous end joining proteins, L1 elements may utilize an alternative, endonuclease-ind
119 ty-fold lower than reported, confirming that L1 elements mobilize in some human neurons but indicatin
121 es have suggested that, in addition to TPRT, L1 elements occasionally utilize an alternative endonucl
123 ivity of the ORF2 obtained from three A-type L1 elements: one, a cDNA from the RNA in ribonucleoprote
124 nome, GRCh38, contains 146 putatively active L1 elements or full length intact L1 elements (FLIs).
126 We have previously described a synthetic L1 element, ORFeus, containing two synonymously recoded
138 genomes directly linked to the insertion of L1 elements, resulting in the loss of approximately 18 k
139 This suggests that the deleterious effect of L1 elements results principally from their ability to me
144 nd we present a model for the correlation of L1 element size and the corresponding deletion size.
145 ts of prerecombination and postrecombination L1 elements suggested that two different deletion mechan
146 atic approaches to analyze the structures of L1 element target site duplications and flanking sequenc
148 nome are 5' truncated copies of a few active L1 elements that are capable of retrotransposition.
150 --> T hypermutations were not detected among L1 elements that had replicated in the presence of APOBE
151 man evolution we endeavored to delineate the L1 elements that have amplified since the emergence of t
153 ically contain a single, abundant lineage of L1 elements that traces millions of years of evolution,
155 the GC-poor genomic regions as in ancestral L1 elements, the enrichment of L1 elements in GC-poor ar
156 s number is in great excess to the number of L1 elements thought to be active in the human genome.
160 e germ cells, and that expression of a human L1 element under the control of its endogenous promoter
162 y, retrotransposition of an engineered human L1 element was ~10-fold more efficient in iPSCs than in
164 o computationally identify recently inserted L1 elements we suggest that S. tridecemlineatus is exper
166 tive screening strategy to enrich for active L1 elements, we isolated 13 full-length elements from a
167 line DNA samples showed that the polymorphic L1 elements were located on several different chromosome
169 that all of the recently integrated "young" L1 elements were restricted to the human genome and abse
171 ymorphisms is known to be the absence of the L1 element, which can be used to root plots/trees of pop
173 on produced a single evolutionary lineage of L1 elements while generating approximately 20% of the ge
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