ライフサイエンスコーパス: M. xanthus

1 M. xanthus and Pseudomonas exopolysaccharides may play s

2 M. xanthus cells are motile on solid surfaces enabled by

3 M. xanthus cells move on solid surfaces by gliding motil

4 M. xanthus chemotaxis requires cell-cell contact and coo

5 M. xanthus exopolysaccharide (EPS) was shown to be an ex

6 M. xanthus has two engines that propel the gliding of it

7 M. xanthus requires the Frz system for vegetative swarmi

8 M. xanthus responds to the compression-induced deformati

9 M. xanthus seems to possess no significant internal P st

10 Changes in the social behaviors of 12 M. xanthus populations were quantified after 1,000 gener

11 This is the first report of a M. xanthus chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathway t

12 erous in the resulting spore population of a M. xanthus fruiting body than the tan vegetative cells t

13 Genes that specifically affect M. xanthus chemotaxis include at least 10 of the 53 that

14 For aggregation, M. xanthus appears to use local interactions between its

15 exogenous induction of beta-lactamase allows M. xanthus to fruit on media containing concentrations o

16 -4 that result in the loss of motility in an M. xanthus mglA-8 masK-815 double mutant shows that nine

17 ts provide the first detailed analysis of an M. xanthus regulatory region that depends partially on C

18 usly published experiment found that when an M. xanthus cell became stuck at one end, the cell underw

19 start site did not match the sequence of any M. xanthus promoter transcribed by a known form of RNA p

20 tes the group motion of the social bacterium M. xanthus.

21 the Omega4499 locus remains unclear because M. xanthus containing Tn5 lac Omega4499 exhibits no appa

22 opment is driven by the interactions between M. xanthus cells and their cognate prey.

23 Thus, the appearance of biased movements by M. xanthus in repellent gradients is likely due to the i

24 and -10 regions resemble those recognized by M. xanthus sigma(A) RNA polymerase, the homolog of Esche

25 ity, one of the two motility systems used by M. xanthus, requires at least two cell surface structure

26 was used as bait against a library carrying M. xanthus DNA in the yeast two-hybrid system, eight pos

27 y behavior during both stages of the complex M. xanthus life cycle.

28 We constructed M. xanthus point mutations in the phosphoaccepting aspar

29 opmental proficiency to a socially defective M. xanthus cheater.

30 le in vegetative, stationary, and developing M. xanthus populations.

31 Analysis of RNA from developing M. xanthus confirmed that dev and cas genes are cotransc

32 ant to predation by worms than are dispersed M. xanthus cells.

33 ysiological role of rippling behavior during M. xanthus predation is to increase the rate of spreadin

34 We examine M. xanthus S-motility, using high-resolution particle-tr

35 sed and processed, target genes critical for M. xanthus fruiting body development and EPS production

36 dsp region, a locus known to be crucial for M. xanthus fibril biogenesis and S gliding.

37 e as a cost-effective reference database for M. xanthus researchers, an education tool for undergradu

38 r 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK), is a PSTK for M. xanthus PFK (Mx-PFK), the key regulatory enzyme in gl

39 Pili were required for M. xanthus cells to adhere to solid surfaces and to gene

40 le to produce cell-cell signals required for M. xanthus development, but they retain the ability to r

41 ot depend on C-signaling and is required for M. xanthus development.

42 oteins are important components required for M. xanthus development.

43 tem that integrates information required for M. xanthus developmental gene expression.

44 CheA kinase, respectively, are required for M. xanthus social gliding (S) motility and development.

45 About forty M. xanthus genes were shown to be involved in gliding mo

46 To investigate the functions of the four M. xanthus lspA (lspA(Mx)) genes, we conducted sequence

47 The measured critical exponents from M. xanthus are consistent with mean field theoretical mo

48 A SocA substrate was extracted from M. xanthus cells with acidified ethyl acetate and sequen

49 dnaB mutant, DnaB(A116V), was isolated from M. xanthus.

50 Ser/Thr protein phosphatase gene, pph1, from M. xanthus.

51 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) purified from M. xanthus cell membranes.

52 macromolecules are physically separated from M. xanthus cells.

53 the top of a regulatory hierarchy governing M. xanthus development, analogous to sigma factors that

54 es that are known to be expressed in growing M. xanthus cells.

55 the major form of RNA polymerase in growing M. xanthus, initiated transcription from this promoter i

56 sported to the periplasm of vegetative-grown M. xanthus cells.

57 In this report, we analyze how M. xanthus fruiting body development proceeds in a cocul

58 polysaccharides (EPS), but it is unclear how M. xanthus manages to use the TFP-EPS technology common

59 functionally from the previously identified M. xanthus frz chemotaxis genes, suggesting that multipl

60 In M. xanthus, BacM exists as a 150-amino-acid full-length

61 In M. xanthus, each lspA(Mx) gene could be deleted and was

62 In M. xanthus, starving cells also send signals that alter

63 Selection for aadA in M. xanthus can be carried out independently of, or simul

64 te motility and developmental aggregation in M. xanthus.

65 lipoprotein is required for PilQ assembly in M. xanthus, because PilQ monomers but no heat and deterg

66 ly, information concerning EPS biogenesis in M. xanthus was lacking.

67 spaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR3) in M. xanthus.

68 d that difC mutations resulted in defects in M. xanthus developmental aggregation, sporulation, and S

69 ole of DNA replication during development in M. xanthus we focused on the regulation of dnaA which en

70 interaction with EspA during development in M. xanthus.

71 e inhibition of fruiting body development in M. xanthus.

72 thway mediated by FruA during development in M. xanthus.

73 tion factor for fruiting body development in M. xanthus.

74 ansduction component of early development in M. xanthus.

75 ations increase as a function of distance in M. xanthus.

76 regulation of motility and cell division in M. xanthus and illustrates how the study of diverse bact

77 ve arisen from extensive gene duplication in M. xanthus and related species.

78 The production of EPS in M. xanthus is regulated in part by the Dif chemosensory

79 multistep phosphorelay that regulates EPS in M. xanthus.

80 or CRISPR3* to affect development and EPS in M. xanthus.

81 ent empirical studies of social evolution in M. xanthus, and consider their implications for how myxo

82 our knowledge, this is the first example in M. xanthus of a chromosomal position-dependent effect on

83 When expressed in M. xanthus, NafA restored fruiting body formation, EPS p

84 ty to drive developmental lacZ expression in M. xanthus.

85 d in temporally regulated gene expression in M. xanthus.

86 regulating developmental gene expression in M. xanthus.

87 e stimuli appears to be a general feature in M. xanthus chemotaxis.

88 ver, it appears that lipid body formation in M. xanthus is an important initial step indicating cell

89 play key roles in fruiting-body formation in M. xanthus.

90 e Escherichia coli glk (glucokinase) gene in M. xanthus hex mutants restores 2dGlc sensitivity, sugge

91 Many developmentally regulated genes in M. xanthus are transcribed from sigma(54) promoters, and

92 confirming the involvement of these genes in M. xanthus EPS biogenesis.

93 While searching for chemotaxis genes in M. xanthus, we identified a third chemotaxis-like gene c

94 Although the motors that power gliding in M. xanthus have been identified, the F. johnsoniae motor

95 refore appears to be essential for growth in M. xanthus.

96 ere are a total of 12 Clp/Hsp100 homologs in M. xanthus, including MXAN_4832, and, based on its mutat

97 use the spectrum of magellan-4 insertions in M. xanthus is extraordinarily broad, transposon mutagene

98 k to the abundant Ser/Thr protein kinases in M. xanthus.

99 he addition of inducers of beta-lactamase in M. xanthus, such as ampicillin, D-cycloserine, and phosp

100 We propose that glycogen metabolism in M. xanthus is regulated in a similar manner to that in e

101 slation product is processed and modified in M. xanthus.

102 uction system regulates directed motility in M. xanthus and is essential for controlling both fruitin

103 s required for this T4P-mediated motility in M. xanthus as the putative trigger of T4P retraction.

104 se results show that directional motility in M. xanthus can be regulated independently of cellular me

105 ese studies suggest that gliding motility in M. xanthus involves large multiprotein structural comple

106 Motility in M. xanthus is governed by the Che-like Frz pathway and t

107 e number of genes required for S motility in M. xanthus is quite large.

108 rolling and coordinating A and S motility in M. xanthus.

109 el necessary to sustain normal S-motility in M. xanthus.

110 Directed movements in M. xanthus are regulated by the Frz chemosensory system,

111 cate that there are complex PSTK networks in M. xanthus that share common modulating factors.

112 lator of 4521 expression and participates in M. xanthus development.

113 nse, the major amino acid-sensing pathway in M. xanthus.

114 sential developmental signalling pathways in M. xanthus whose transcription is under the control of a

115 and was used to assay expression of pilA in M. xanthus in different mutant backgrounds.

116 Tgl is necessary for synthesis of pili in M. xanthus and is the only pilus protein that can be don

117 -sensitive material (pili) is polymerized in M. xanthus.

118 ized multicellular state during predation in M. xanthus relies on the tactic behavior of individual c

119 tial for the regulation of EPS production in M. xanthus.

120 quantify fibril polysaccharide production in M. xanthus.

121 -purified antibody reacted with a protein in M. xanthus having an apparent molecular mass of 27.5 kDa

122 4P upstream of the Dif signaling proteins in M. xanthus.

123 critical roles in the heat shock response in M. xanthus.

124 ealed that each site played a unique role in M. xanthus behaviour and that the pattern of receptor me

125 of the molecular mechanisms of signaling in M. xanthus development.

126 rtant role in aggregation and sporulation in M. xanthus.

127 poly P metabolizing enzymes were studied in M. xanthus: poly P kinase 1, which synthesizes poly P re

128 ion were restriction-modification systems in M. xanthus, which could be partially overcome by methyla

129 on of EPS is regulated in turn by the T4P in M. xanthus, and T4P(-) mutants are S(-) and EPS(-).

130 of a downstream reporter gene were tested in M. xanthus.

131 the existence of horizontal gene transfer in M. xanthus, its ability to take up exogenous DNA via nat

132 study, we achieved natural transformation in M. xanthus using the autonomously replicating myxobacter

133 Individual M. xanthus cells are elongated; they always move in the

134 ed on the biophysical model of an individual M. xanthus cell.

135 Interestingly, M. xanthus motility systems, like eukaryotic systems, us

136 Interestingly, M. xanthus, which has nozzles at both poles, can reverse

137 stical analysis methods to gain insight into M. xanthus developmental aggregation dynamics.

138 zCD chimeras were constructed to investigate M. xanthus chemotaxis: NazD(F) contains the N-terminal s

139 This behavior involves M. xanthus Frz proteins that regulate M. xanthus motilit

140 e data suggest that rod-shaped bacteria like M. xanthus use bactofilin fibres to achieve and maintain

141 This shows that TA is the major M. xanthus-diffusible antibacterial agent against E. col

142 liquid medium containing 1% methylcellulose, M. xanthus TFP-driven motility was induced in isolated c

143 iction upon infection of a subset of natural M. xanthus hosts.

144 A new M. xanthus locus, designated diffor defective in fruitin

145 pe sasN gene product is necessary for normal M. xanthus fruiting body development and functions as a

146 e period observed in experiments with normal M. xanthus cells.

147 The model explains several aspects of M. xanthus behavior during development, including the no

148 Enzyme assays of M. xanthus extracts reveal a soluble hexokinase (ATP:D-h

149 ich prompted us to reexamine the behavior of M. xanthus cells.

150 und to be involved in the social behavior of M. xanthus, but none of them was directly visualized and

151 ions in all of the major social behaviors of M. xanthus.

152 an important part of the social behaviour of M. xanthus.

153 A collection of M. xanthus cells behaves, in many respects, like a multi

154 The social (S) component of M. xanthus gliding motility requires at least two extrac

155 (EPS), the major extracellular components of M. xanthus swarms, inhibit cellular reversal in a concen

156 efines a discrete step in the development of M. xanthus and that social motility mutants are not bloc

157 se is an integral step in the development of M. xanthus and that this induction is likely to play a r

158 t for the social motility and development of M. xanthus.

159 horylation may be involved in development of M. xanthus.

160 hus genome favors the targeted disruption of M. xanthus genes by allele replacement.

161 play important roles in the soil ecology of M. xanthus.

162 ory elements important for the expression of M. xanthus genes that depend upon intercellular C signal

163 hylating DNA in vitro using cell extracts of M. xanthus prior to transformation.

164 ining SigA, the housekeeping sigma factor of M. xanthus.

165 gmaA is the major vegetative sigma factor of M. xanthus.

166 The dynamic features of M. xanthus aggregation uncovered in this study impose se

167 Fractionation of M. xanthus membranes with the detergent sarkosyl showed

168 type, it decreased the reversal frequency of M. xanthus expressing NazD(F) and increased that of M. x

169 ium ion affected transformation frequency of M. xanthus.

170 The genome of M. xanthus is large (9.14 Mb), considerably larger than

171 acterium group, and "adventurous gliding" of M. xanthus do not appear to involve pili.

172 ested had any effect on vegetative growth of M. xanthus.

173 Knowledge of M. xanthus surface gliding motility and the mechanisms t

174 the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase of M. xanthus can be induced by numerous beta-lactam antibi

175 the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase of M. xanthus is autogenously induced during development.

176 The level of M. xanthus polysaccharide production under different con

177 f the integrase needed for lysogenization of M. xanthus.

178 pilus system in the DNA uptake machinery of M. xanthus.

179 l- and behavior-based computational model of M. xanthus swarming that allows the organization of cell

180 richia coli NarX and the signaling module of M. xanthus DifA.

181 In the laboratory, monocultures of M. xanthus at a very high density will reproducibly indu

182 C play significant roles in morphogenesis of M. xanthus spores and in the ability of spores to surviv

183 ffects on adventurous and social motility of M. xanthus.

184 shows that the untethered gliding motors of M. xanthus, by moving within the membrane, can transform

185 labeled cells indicates directed movement of M. xanthus cells during the formation of rippling wave s

186 ould regulate or co-ordinate the movement of M. xanthus cells to bring about S motility.

187 Mutants of M. xanthus resistant to 2dGlc, designated hex mutants, a

188 In this study, two developmental mutants of M. xanthus were isolated through Tn5 transposon mutagene

189 We have isolated 115 independent mutants of M. xanthus with insertions of transposon magellan-4 in p

190 We examined a number of M. xanthus genotypes that were defective for fruiting-bo

191 at spans the inner membrane and periplasm of M. xanthus.

192 ters may be common in natural populations of M. xanthus.

193 re required for the developmental process of M. xanthus fruiting body formation.

194 egulated during the developmental process of M. xanthus, but that there are also regulatory mechanism

195 The GidA protein of M. xanthus shares about 48% identity overall with the sm

196 ic decrease in the vegetative growth rate of M. xanthus cells.

197 the activity of this important regulator of M. xanthus developmental genes.

198 ur too quickly relative to the slow speed of M. xanthus movement.

199 d inhibit the development and sporulation of M. xanthus to various degrees.

200 f complex fruiting bodies and sporulation of M. xanthus.

201 unknown details of the internal structure of M. xanthus fruiting bodies consisting of interconnected

202 proteomic tools are applied to the study of M. xanthus social behaviors.

203 hus expressing NazD(F) and increased that of M. xanthus expressing NazD(R).

204 he first report of in vitro transcription of M. xanthus chromosomal genes, providing a foundation for

205 pilA gene encodes pilin, the monomer unit of M. xanthus type IV pili.

206 provide the basis for this emerging view of M. xanthus motility.

207 have some association with the cell walls of M. xanthus spores, which may signify a different mechani

208 evels of FrzZ and its cognate kinase FrzE on M. xanthus motility.

209 itation (ChIP) experiments were performed on M. xanthus.

210 e that includes those homologs and 318 other M. xanthus genes for comparison.

211 ond domain of FrzZ (FrzZ2) or with two other M. xanthus response regulator-containing proteins presen

212 it can generate a force sufficient to propel M. xanthus at the observed velocities.

213 ically purified and characterized a putative M. xanthus arginine kinase, Ark, and demonstrated that i

214 For these reasons M. xanthus offers unparalleled access to a regulatory ne

215 Recombinant M. xanthus strains with integrated plasmids carrying the

216 demonstrate that PilSR and PilS2R2 regulate M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility through distinct pathw

217 volves M. xanthus Frz proteins that regulate M. xanthus motility reversals but is independent of type

218 y interacting with EspA and EspB to regulate M. xanthus development.

219 first example of a developmentally regulated M. xanthus operon that is transcribed by the major veget

220 ces found in other developmentally regulated M. xanthus promoter regions, but the effects of single-b

221 e signal transduction pathway that regulates M. xanthus fibril biogenesis and S motility.

222 teins required for building stress-resistant M. xanthus spores, we compared the proteome of liquid-gr

223 ors observed for wild-type and non-reversing M. xanthus mutants in recent experiments.

224 ed as bait, a weak interaction with a second M. xanthus response regulator (AsgA) was observed.

225 In parallel to the simulations, M. xanthus predatory rippling behavior was experimentall

226 Since M. xanthus PilB possesses conserved motifs with high aff

227 body development of this bacterial species, M. xanthus has served as a model organism for the study

228 When starved, M. xanthus cells organize their movements into waves of

229 Ten M. xanthus fruiting bodies isolated from soil were surve

230 Here, we demonstrate that M. xanthus has a solitary mazF gene that lacks a cotrans

231 Here we report evidence that M. xanthus produces its own unique group of low-molecula

232 This is despite the fact that M. xanthus can form UV-resistant spores.

233 We have demonstrated here that M. xanthus dif genes are required for the biogenesis of

234 in self-propelled rods, we hypothesized that M. xanthus cells can align and form clusters through pur

235 ransduction is unknown, we hypothesized that M. xanthus might use surface-associated factors to detec

236 se results are consistent with the idea that M. xanthus uses a series of different NtrC-like activato

237 We have interpreted these data to imply that M. xanthus requires a new round of DNA replication early

238 These results indicate that M. xanthus pilB and pilC are required for pilus biogenes

239 Molecular predictions indicate that M. xanthus SASPs may have some association with the cell

240 We propose that M. xanthus uses an EBP coregulation strategy to make exp

241 We propose that M. xanthus uses Frz-dependent, auto-orthokinetic behavio

242 Results also revealed that M. xanthus possesses Dif-dependent and Dif-independent P

243 Here we show that M. xanthus cells produce a network of outer membrane ext

244 Previous reporter studies had shown that M. xanthus has initiated development and has begun to ex

245 Our results suggest that M. xanthus is not responding to the water that accumulat

246 overproduction of fibrillin, suggesting that M. xanthus fibril production and Pseudomonas alginate pr

247 This suggests that M. xanthus has a mechanism that monitors progress toward

248 tching bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the M. xanthus dif genes belong to a unique class of bacteri

249 tween integrative plasmids with aadA and the M. xanthus chromosome are similar to those observed afte

250 gion of homology between the plasmid and the M. xanthus genome favors the targeted disruption of M. x

251 ed a strong interaction between Pph1 and the M. xanthus protein kinase Pkn5, a negative effector of d

252 act as inhibitors of glucose turnover by the M. xanthus hexokinase in vitro, consistent with the find

253 To determine if GidA binds dinucleotide, the M. xanthus gene was expressed with a His6 tag in E. coli

254 ent, MrpC and FruA, are regulated during the M. xanthus life cycle.

255 e opposite transcription patterns during the M. xanthus life cycle.

256 Deletion of this site in the M. xanthus chromosome did not impair sporulation under l

257 integrated at a phage attachment site in the M. xanthus chromosome, showed a similar pattern of devel

258 nsertion of Tn5 lac at site omega4406 in the M. xanthus chromosome.

259 ions detected only a single rpoN gene in the M. xanthus chromosome.

260 d chemotaxis may play important roles in the M. xanthus life cycle where prey-specific and developmen

261 A dominant, hyper-reversal mutant in the M. xanthus methyl accepting chemotaxis protein homolog,

262 novel sigma factor, since a mutation in the M. xanthus sigB or sigC gene did not affect Tn5 lac omeg

263 ponse-associated genes tested, including the M. xanthus ppGpp synthetase gene relA, are altered in nl

264 identified by insertion of Tn5 lac into the M. xanthus chromosome.

265 he growth medium-dependent regulation of the M. xanthus branched-chain fatty acid content.

266 Using a biophysical model of the M. xanthus cell, we investigated how the mechanical inte

267 ge Mx8 integrates into the attB locus of the M. xanthus genome.

268 trnD2, located within the attB locus of the M. xanthus genome.

269 oles for PE chemotaxis in the context of the M. xanthus life cycle.

270 use ectopic expression of mox as part of the M. xanthus mglBA operon results in partial methylation o

271 mperature, growth and DNA replication of the M. xanthus mutant ceased after one cell doubling at a no

272 Given the promise of the M. xanthus PEP as an oral therapeutic enzyme for treatin

273 Structure-based mutagenesis of the M. xanthus PEP confirms an important role for several in

274 Hence, P acquisition components of the M. xanthus Pho regulon are regulated by both P availabil

275 We also demonstrate that inactivation of the M. xanthus relA homolog blocks development and the accum

276 Da polypeptide is sigmaA, the product of the M. xanthus sigA gene.

277 Based on homologies with components of the M. xanthus T4aPM and additional reconstructions of TCPM

278 attB2 site lies within the 5' region of the M. xanthus tRNA(Gly) gene.

279 tain one lspA gene; however, strikingly, the M. xanthus DK1622 genome contains four (lspA1 to lspA4).

280 coli lipoprotein, these results suggest the M. xanthus proteins do not function as efficiently as th

281 oduction strengthens our hypothesis that the M. xanthus dif genes define a chemotaxis-like signal tra

282 notypical characterization indicate that the M. xanthus dif locus is required for social (S) motility

283 The results of this study show that the M. xanthus ECM proteome is diverse and novel.

284 negatively regulates progression through the M. xanthus developmental program.

285 ndicate that the dif genes are linked to the M. xanthus dsp region, a locus known to be crucial for M

286 Therefore, M. xanthus seems to utilize both eukaryotic PSTK cascade

287 These M. xanthus-specific SASPs vary depending upon whether sp

288 nlike the dnaK genes in other bacteria, this M. xanthus homolog appears not to be regulated by temper

289 Based on these results, we propose that this M. xanthus acetyl-CoA carboxylase consists of two subuni

290 ellular matrix fibrils, are also critical to M. xanthus S motility.

291 that encodes PilSR, has also been linked to M. xanthus T4P-dependent motility.

292 t production of these vesicles is related to M. xanthus motility.

293 Analysis of total M. xanthus carbohydrate demonstrated that polysaccharide

294 by observing dynamics of merger between two M. xanthus strains, where one strain expresses a toxin p

295 Wild-type M. xanthus is encased in extracellular polysaccharide fi

296 In wild-type M. xanthus, development is initiated only upon starvatio

297 Purified vesicle chains consist of typical M. xanthus lipids, fucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine

298 ling is a feeding behavior which occurs when M. xanthus cells make direct contact with either prey or

299 Our goal was to determine whether M. xanthus, like many other developmental systems, uses

300 A markerless deletion within M. xanthus pilT, similar to the four point mutations, di