ライフサイエンスコーパス: MAPKK

1 MAPKK kinase/MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downs

2 gen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK-1 or MEK-1).

3 e has revealed the existence of 20 MAPKs, 10 MAPKKs and 60 MAPKKKs, implying a high level of complexi

4 Tat interaction with the 2 MAPKK and IRF7 promoters in HIV-1-infected cells and the

5 e Erk1/2 MAPK cascade at the level of Mek1/2 MAPKKs.

6 Inhibition of Ras, MEK1/2 (MAPKK), and ERK1/2, on CTGF-stimulated fibroblast prolif

7 of five phosphoproteins (ERK1 and 2, MEK1/2 [MAPKK], STAT3, and SAPK/JNK), and decreased levels of ph

8 ting of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

9 nsist of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

10 mposed of a MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

11 osed of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

12 h include a MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MEK) and a MAPKK/MEK kinase (MAPKKK/MEKK).

13 tor antagonist, and partially inhibited by a MAPKK inhibitor.

14 pathway includes a MAPKKK (Wallenda/DLK), a MAPKK (Hemipterous/MKK7), and the Drosophila JNK homolog

15 We conclude the nrc-1 gene encodes a MAPKK kinase that functions to repress the onset of coni

16 ology to budding yeast SSK2, which encodes a MAPKK kinase that regulates the HOG1 osmosensing pathway

17 We have identified a MAPKK kinase gene, named YODA, that promotes extra-embry

18 rough synergistic interaction of a MAPKKK, a MAPKK, and a MAPK molecule like MEKK2-JNKK2-JNK1 is like

19 ts T-loop, this suggests that PfPK7 is not a MAPKK orthologue, despite the fact that this enzyme is t

20 stream protein kinase, such as Raf, Mos or a MAPKK kinase.

21 Ste7, a MAPKK in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required

22 We discovered that a MAPKK, SlMKK2, which acts downstream of SlMAPKKKalpha, a

23 Furthermore, YODA (YDA), a MAPKK kinase, was shown to be upstream of MKK4/MKK5 and

24 00B-treated cultures, S100B did not activate MAPKK.

25 Moreover, the combination of activated MAPKK-1 and Rac-1 could not substitute for activated p21

26 ivation of p38 MAPK in response to activated MAPKK.

27 t can be supplied by cells without activated MAPKK.

28 of regulatory proteins including activating MAPKKs and an abundance of deactivating phosphatases.

29 equired for induction of meiosis I by active MAPKK or Mos-MAPK coinjection.

30 Constitutively active MAPKK-1 fully activates ERK-2 and the transcription fact

31 We find that two alternative MAPKKs, Pbs2 and Mkk2, can be forced to functionally rep

32 in SMCs was MAPK kinase (MAPKK)-1, although MAPKK-2 was present in comparable amounts.

33 ch correlated with the activation of JNK and MAPKK, which are known to regulate AP-1.

34 otein kinase (MAPK), MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

35 eta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), also known as MAPKK kinase-7 (MAP3K7), is a candidate effector of mult

36 unusual enzyme that automodulates its basal, MAPKK-independent activity by several autophosphorylatio

37 ve formation of functional complexes between MAPKK and different p38 MAPKs.

38 tion is essential for the activation of both MAPKKs and MAPKs, protein phosphatases are likely to be

39 vated ERalpha in Cos1 cells as expected, but MAPKK inhibited ER activation in PVEC.

40 uced lacritin secretion was not inhibited by MAPKK inhibitor U0126, although p42/p44 MAPK was phospho

41 sphorylation and activation of MAP kinase by MAPKK and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of c

42 fector pathways including those regulated by MAPKK-1/ERK-2 and Rac-1.

43 the level of regulation of MAPK activity by MAPKKs and MKPs.

44 enters host cells and enzymatically cleaves MAPKKs or MEKs.

45 ts on primary CD4+ T cells as well, cleaving MAPKKs and leading to a 95% reduction in anti-CD3-induce

46 ng immunity and heavy metal stress by common MAPKK and MKP signaling components suggests pivotal role

47 trate that EDR1, a gene encoding a conserved MAPKK kinase, exerts negative regulation on HR cell deat

48 tively active form of human MAPKK-1 (denoted MAPKK-1 R4F or MAPKK-1*) phosphorylates Xenopus p42 MAPK

49 also decreased activation of the downstream MAPKK in response to EGF.

50 Both of these genes encode MAPKK kinases that are necessary for sexual development

51 quence tag (EST) encoding a portion of human MAPKK that is highly related to DJNKK (hep).

52 which a constitutively active form of human MAPKK-1 (denoted MAPKK-1 R4F or MAPKK-1*) phosphorylates

53 conserved kinase interaction motif (KIM) in MAPKKs is required for NtMEK2 function.

54 t PP2Calpha dephosphorylated and inactivated MAPKKs (MKK6 and SEK1) and a MAPK (p38) in the stress-re

55 Anthrax LT cleaves and inactivates MAPKKs in Jurkat cells, whereas not affecting proximal o

56 However, many kinases, including MAPKKs, have modular interaction domains and motifs that

57 xpression of bcl-2, the dominant interfering MAPKK inhibits IL-3 driven cell cycle progression.

58 tion and activation of the MAP kinase by its MAPKK.

59 ed MEKK2-mediated phosphorylation of the key MAPKKs that activate JNK (MAPK kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7).

60 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MAPKK (MEK), by Western blot analysis, sequence identifi

61 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK or MEK) family.

62 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK or MEK) inhibitor PD-98059.

63 re, constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) activated ERalpha in Cos1 cells as expected, but

64 ted mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

65 uires the assumption that MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) carries out its dual phosphorylation of p42 MAPK

66 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family near to their amino termini, leading to th

67 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family of enzymes.

68 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family of response regulators.

69 o attempts at identifying MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) homologues have failed.

70 eas mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor, PD98059, had no effect on CHX-induced

71 ant interfering mutant of MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibits interleukin-3 (IL-3) activation of MAP k

72 ced constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) into immortalized melanocytes.

73 ike mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) kinase, and to function as a negative regulator o

74 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) pathway and the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K)

75 that converge on the Pbs2 MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), leading to the activation of the Hog1 MAP kinase

76 Finally, inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), which phosphorylates and thereby activates MAP k

77 ith mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)-->p42/p44 MAPK.

78 af1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)/ERK signal transduction pathway.

79 the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)/MAPK cascade following IGF-I stimulation compared

80 fic mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)

81 inase cascades, which include a MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MEK) and a MAPKK/MEK kinase (MAPKKK/MEKK).

82 WIPK, and their common upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MEK), NtMEK2.

83 dules that consist of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

84 ctivated protein kinase (MAPK), MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

85 but no clear orthologue of the MAPK kinase (MAPKK) family, raising the question of the mode of activ

86 kinase (MAPK) NTF6/NRK1, or an MAPK kinase (MAPKK) MEK1/NQK1, attenuated N-mediated resistance to TM

87 panel of constitutively active MAPK kinase (MAPKK) variants in discrete stomatal lineage cell types,

88 kinase pathway at the level of MAPK kinase (MAPKK) would attenuate this inhibitory effect.

89 nts of the KGB-1 pathway, MEK-1 MAPK kinase (MAPKK), a homolog of mammalian MKK7, and VHP-1 MAPK phos

90 modules consisting of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

91 ascades are composed of a MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

92 se module composed of a MAPK, a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK).

93 nases (MAPKs) by their upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 leads to HR-like cell death.

94 osphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which is activated by an upstream protein kinase

95 vating kinase found in SMCs was MAPK kinase (MAPKK)-1, although MAPKK-2 was present in comparable amo

96 residues by a dual-specificity MAPK kinase (MAPKK).

97 osphorylation and activation of MAPK kinase (MAPKK).

98 ed Spc1 phosphorylation by Wis1 MAPK kinase (MAPKK).

99 R1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MAPKK) prevents the activation of the downstream ERK-A (

100 ng activation of the family of MAPK kinases (MAPKK).

101 bind to an overlapping set of MAPK-kinases (MAPKK) in live cells and dictate the localisation of the

102 However, the role of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) and their functional organization within fibrobl

103 e and threonine sites by MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) is thought to be the sole activation mechanism.

104 reviously identified the MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) MKK3 and MKK6 as the primary regulators of p38 p

105 te mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) that propagate prosurvival signals in macrophage

106 ct mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs), each of which has a distinct functional identit

107 However, the role of MAPK kinases (MAPKKs or MEKs) in cancer is unclear, although constitut

108 e LF-dependent cleavage of the MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and disrupted signaling to downstream MAPK targe

109 by upstream kinases, including MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks).

110 Mammalian MEK MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) have in their N termini an MAPK-docking site and

111 r that cleaves and inactivates MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) in host cells and has been proposed as a therape

112 gene, one of the two specific MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) that activate p38 MAPK.

113 l phosphorylation catalyzed by MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), the MAPK p38beta is exceptional and is capable

114 lso to selective activation by MAPK kinases (MAPKKs).

115 of MPK3/MPK6 or their upstream MAPK kinases (MAPKKs; or MKKs), MKK4/MKK5, resulted in shortened pedic

116 gen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases (MAPKKs).

117 This has expanded the number of known MAPKKs that regulate stomatal development and allowed us

118 ing in roots using inhibitors of a mammalian MAPKK blocked auxin-activated transgene expression in BA

119 ause it was still capable of inhibiting MAPK/MAPKK-1 stimulation by FCS in phorbol ester-pretreated c

120 nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using v

121 Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (Gm

122 be forced to functionally replace the mating MAPKK Ste7, but only if the proper set of recruitment in

123 ns to play the functional role of the mating MAPKK, Ste7.

124 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/MEK/MAPKK 1-4 and 6, but not mitogen-activated protein kinas

125 acologic inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK; MAPKK) using a specific MEK inhibitor, CI-1040, induced

126 MKK3, MKK6 and SEK1 MAPKKs, but not the MEK1 MAPKK.

127 ted the direct contribution of Mek1 and Mek2 MAPKKs to oncogenic Ras signaling.

128 nimpaired by deletion of either Mek1 or Mek2 MAPKKs individually.

129 sequentially stimulate TAK1 (MAPKKK), MKK4 (MAPKK), and JNK (MAPK).

130 spite the fact that this enzyme is the most 'MAPKK-like' enzyme encoded in the P. falciparum genome.

131 Introduction of a dominant negative MAPKK causes a significant decrease in proliferation rat

132 We introduced a dominant negative MAPKK gene into SVR murine angiosarcoma cells.

133 Cells expressing the dominant negative MAPKK have a greatly decreased ability to form colonies

134 Expression of dominant negative MAPKK-1 prevents NFAT induction.

135 Activation of MAPKK-1 and DNA synthesis were affected by heparin in a

136 MC proliferation by preventing activation of MAPKK-1.

137 sphorylation reaction exceeded the amount of MAPKK-1* present, which would not be possible if the pho

138 identify the emergence of a concentration of MAPKK that provides the best response with respect to ra

139 cascade, while over- and under-expression of MAPKK relative to this concentration have qualitatively

140 expression of constitutively active forms of MAPKK has previously been shown to transform nonmalignan

141 in cell-cycle entry from G(0), the level of MAPKK activity was observed to affect the kinetics of pr

142 hibition of the MAPK pathway at the level of MAPKK, by expression of a dominant-negative mutant or by

143 sion of a constitutively activated mutant of MAPKK does not replace IL-3, but renders cells able to p

144 blasts, but the effect of down-regulation of MAPKK on tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in a well establ

145 that holds the 16-residue N-terminal tail of MAPKK-2 before cleavage.

146 of LF and its complex with the N terminus of MAPKK-2.

147 e a role for the amino-terminal extension of MAPKKs in determination of response specificity.

148 tions in defining the functional identity of MAPKKs by asking whether we can use recruitment interact

149 e I IFN receptor chain confirmed the role of MAPKKs and IRF7 in Tat-mediated modulation of ISGs and e

150 uman monocytoid line MonoMac 6 as sources of MAPKKs and visualization of the extent of cleavage after

151 analysis belong to the MAPKK3/6 subgroup of MAPKKs.

152 The captured LF was exposed to an optimized MAPKK-based peptide substrate, which it hydrolyzed into

153 orm of human MAPKK-1 (denoted MAPKK-1 R4F or MAPKK-1*) phosphorylates Xenopus p42 MAPK in vitro.

154 use recruitment interactions to force other MAPKK catalytic domains to play the functional role of t

155 posed of SSK2, SSK22 and STE11 MAPKKKs, PBS2 MAPKK and HOG1 MAPK.

156 be the binding and translocation of the Pbs2 MAPKK to the plasma membrane, and specifically to sites

157 nase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), (ii) the PBS2 MAPKK, and (iii) the HOG1 MAP kinase.

158 the SSK2, SSK22 and STE11 MAPKKKs, the PBS2 MAPKK, and the HOG1 MAPK.

159 P kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), the Pbs2p MAPKK, and the Hog1p MAPK.

160 Ste7 is a prototype MAPKK in yeast that participates in both the pheromone s

161 ssion also activated the MKK3, MKK6 and SEK1 MAPKKs, but not the MEK1 MAPKK.

162 dition, treatment of cells with the specific MAPKK inhibitor PD 98059 during a synchronous S phase ar

163 ase kinase (MAPKKKK, Ste20), MAPKKK (Ste11), MAPKK (Ste7), and transcription factor (Ste12) to promot

164 n kinase kinase kinase-Ste11 (MAPKKK-Ste11), MAPKK-Ste7, and MAPK-Kss1 mediate pheromone-induced mati

165 These findings indicate that MAPKK-1* phosphorylates p42 MAPK by a two-collision, dis

166 The MAPKK homologue Wis1 is required for activation of the M

167 The MAPKK Pbs2p bound to the Sho1p osmosensor, the MAPKKK St

168 ual leucine zipper-bearing MAPKKK DLK-1, the MAPKK MKK-4, and the p38 MAP kinase PMK-3.

169 se pathway composed of the MAPKKK DLK-1, the MAPKK MKK-4, and the p38 MAPK PMK-3.

170 Although the MAPKK inhibitor PD98059 reduced the number of surviving

171 n Drosophila, where DJNK is activated by the MAPKK DJNKK (hep).

172 JNK1 activation by MEKK2 was mediated by the MAPKK JNK kinase 2 (JNKK2) rather than by JNKK1 through

173 icity of JNK activation is determined by the MAPKK JNKK1, which interacts with the MAPKKK MEKK1 and J

174 The JNKs are directly activated by the MAPKK JNKK1/SEK1/MKK4.

175 mechanism controls Fus3's activation by the MAPKK Ste7.

176 myocytes, the stimulation of p38 MAPK by the MAPKK, MKK6, activates the transcription factor, NF-kapp

177 ugh activation of MEK (MAPK/erk kinase), the MAPKK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) that fun

178 The discovery that a kinase of the MAPKK class plays a key role in cell specification at th

179 conclusion that uev-3 acts downstream of the MAPKK mkk-4 and upstream of the MAPKAPK mak-2.

180 However, the contribution of the MAPKK pathway to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis is not f

181 nated protein kinase (TOPK), a member of the MAPKK protein family, is highly expressed in human color

182 a MAPK docking site in the N-terminus of the MAPKK.

183 vent subsequently leads to activation of the MAPKK/MAPK cascade.

184 APK became bisphosphorylated depended on the MAPKK-1* concentration, behavior that is predicted by th

185 tein kinase (MAPK) pathway that recruits the MAPKK kinase YODA (YDA) and MAPK 6 (MPK6) to the cortica

186 Our results suggest that the MAPKK pathway is required for soft agar growth of angios

187 t signal strength, dependence on both of the MAPKKs for signaling, phosphorylation site preferences b

188 est that Alph acts at a step upstream of the MAPKKs Hep and Lic.

189 sphorylation site preferences by each of the MAPKKs, and both activation and inhibition resulting fro

190 ulting from the overexpression of one of the MAPKKs.

191 h a signaling cascade consisting of Ras, the MAPKKs MKK4 and MEK1, the MAPKs SAPKs and ERKs, and the

192 ever, inactivation of the gene encoding this MAPKK by homologous recombination suggested the existenc

193 Thus, MAPKK function is necessary for optimal IL-3 inhibition

194 However, homology to MAPKKs is restricted to regions of the C-terminal lobe o

195 Two MAPKKs, MKK4 and MKK7, have been identified as JNK activ

196 Together with the absence of a typical MAPKK activation site in its T-loop, this suggests that

197 APK limits the ubiquitination of an upstream MAPKK and thereby prevents spurious activation of a seco

198 tween SIPK and WIPK, which share an upstream MAPKK, NtMEK2.

199 Potential upstream MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs or MEKKs) in this cascade include

200 phosphorylation is regulated by the upstream MAPKK, Pbs2, which in turn is regulated by the MAPKKK, S

201 leaves and suppressing expression of various MAPKK and MAPK genes by virus-induced gene silencing, we

202 s, rather than a processive mechanism, where MAPKK carries out both phosphorylations before dissociat

203 p42 MAPK by a distributive mechanism, where MAPKK dissociates from MAPK between the first and second

204 and to facilitate stress signaling from Wis1 MAPKK to Spc1 SAPK.

205 uggest that cytoplasmic localization of Wis1 MAPKK by its NES is important for stress signaling to th

206 Herein, we show that the Wis1 MAPKK of the stress-activated Spc1 MAPK cascade in fissi

207 st that tribbles and MAPKs may interact with MAPKKs in a competitive manner.