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1 MLL-Af4 activated a self-renewal program in a lineage-de
2 MLL-Af4 cells can assume a myeloid state under environme
3 MLL-Af4 induces a B ALL distinct from MLL-AF9 through di
4 MLL-AF4 leukemia is the predominant infant acute leukemi
5 MLL-AF9 and other MLL fusion proteins aberrantly recruit
6 MLL-AF9 expression in long-term hematopoietic stem cells
7 MLL-ENL target loci showed supraphysiological PAF1 bindi
8 MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a fa
9 TO is highly expressed in AMLs with t(11q23)/MLL rearrangements, t(15;17)/PML-RARA, FLT3-ITD, and/or
12 nd targeted DNA sequencing on 65 infants (47 MLL-R and 18 non-MLL-R cases) and 20 older children (MLL
15 primary human HSPCs faithfully models acute MLL-rearranged leukemia and provides an experimental pla
17 impairs the transforming ability of MLL-AF9, MLL-AF6, and NUP98-NSD1 fusions-mechanistically distinct
20 the development of therapies for aggressive MLL leukemia and perhaps for other cancers caused by tra
27 a genome-scale loss-of-function screen in an MLL-AF4-positive acute leukaemia cell line, we identify
28 uced LSC differentiation and depletion in an MLL-AF9-driven mouse model of AML, leading to reduction
29 genetic or pharmacological inhibition of an MLL downstream target, HOXA9, which activates expression
31 e editing to generate endogenous MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL oncogenes through insertional mutagenesis in pri
36 rotein-protein interaction between menin and MLL fusion proteins that plays an important role in acut
37 ex contributes to the association of MLL and MLL-fusion multiprotein complexes with the chromatin.
43 volvement of chromatin-associated factors as MLL fusion partners belies a dependency on transcription
44 cially known as KMT2A; herein referred to as MLL to denote the gene associated with mixed-lineage leu
47 eveloped and optimized a new AlphaLISA-based MLL HMT functional assay to facilitate the functional ev
48 Administration of dinaciclib to mice bearing MLL-AF9-driven human and mouse leukemias elicited potent
50 ced leukemias, preferentially at gene bodies.MLL-AF9-induced leukemogenesis showed much less pronounc
51 stem cells (CSCs) including those driven by MLL fusions, here we show that transcriptional memory fr
55 mosomal translocations producing a chimaeric MLL oncogene give rise to a highly aggressive acute leuk
58 protein 5 (WDR5), a core subunit of COMPASS/MLL family histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase (H3K4MT
61 the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) create MLL-fusion proteins, which could drive both acute lympho
62 , with concomitant downregulation of crucial MLL target genes and the LSC maintenance transcriptional
63 onal program with elevated levels of crucial MLL target genes, displayed heightened sensitivity to DO
68 Suppression of Hoxa9 sensitizes LSK-derived MLL-CSCs to beta-catenin inhibition resulting in abolish
71 his review provides an overview of different MLL-FP mouse model systems and discusses how well they h
73 rmation and for the expression of downstream MLL-regulated genes such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 In light of
74 NIN and LEDGF/p75 are required for efficient MLL-fusion-mediated transformation and for the expressio
75 Thus, genome editing to create endogenous MLL oncogenes in primary human HSPCs faithfully models a
76 diated genome editing to generate endogenous MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL oncogenes through insertional mutage
79 says in MLL-AF9(+) leukemic cells expressing MLL interaction-defective LEDGF/p75 mutants revealed tha
81 stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) expressing MLL-AF9 or MLL-Af4 into immunodeficient NSGS mice, which
87 action represents an effective treatment for MLL leukemias in vivo and provide advanced molecular sca
91 -ALL, t(4;11)+ patients harboring the fusion MLL-AF4 (MA4) display a particularly poor prognosis and
94 s involving the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) create MLL-fusion proteins, which could drive both
95 tions affecting mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) result in acute leukemias resistant to therapy.
96 X) of pediatric mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL)-rearranged ALL were established in NOD.Cg-Prkdc(sci
97 ciated with mixed-lineage leukemia) generate MLL fusion proteins that bind DNA and drive leukemogenic
98 atic mutations in chromatin-regulating genes MLL, MLL2, MLL3 and ARID1A in 20% of patients that are a
99 ported to suppress growth of cells harboring MLL-fusions compared to those with alternate oncogenic d
100 rowth in human leukemia cell lines harboring MLL translocations and is >40 times better than the prev
102 s (iPSCs) from AML patient samples harboring MLL rearrangements and found that they retained leukemic
104 c ablation of CDC42 in both murine and human MLL-AF9 (MA9) cells decreased survival and induced diffe
106 regulates leukemogenesis in murine and human MLL-rearranged AML cells, demonstrating a crucial role f
107 ET151 in vivo using mice injected with human MLL-fusion leukemia cells and evaluated disease progress
108 Targeting wild-type MLL degradation impedes MLL leukemia cell proliferation, and it downregulates a
109 ted the cell-dose-dependent role of PAR-1 in MLL-AF9 leukemia: PAR-1 inhibited rapid leukemic prolife
111 d MI-503, and show their profound effects in MLL leukemia cells and substantial survival benefit in m
113 present a critical pathogenetic mechanism in MLL-rearranged B-ALL and support IGF2BP3 and its cognate
115 also observe an unexpected role for MLL2 in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells and identify potential the
116 vely correlated with Alox5 overexpression in MLL-AF9-leukemic blast cells; inhibition of the above si
117 scent leukemia-initiating cell population in MLL-rearranged AML, providing opportunities for selectiv
120 d that ALOX5 is especially down-regulated in MLL-rearranged AML, via transcription repression mediate
121 ht the relevance of MLL2 as a drug target in MLL-rearranged leukemia and suggest its broader signific
122 s beta-catenin-independent transformation in MLL-CSCs derived from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enri
123 ificant chromosomal rearrangements including MLL translocations to known and unknown partners, identi
124 l precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) subsets, including MLL-AF4 and TCF3-HLF ALL, and in some T-cell ALLs (T-ALL
125 some acute myeloid leukemia types, including MLL-AF9(+) MOLM-14 cells, in a biphasic manner by autocr
128 rt sites, interacts with menin, and inhibits MLL complex assembly, resulting in decreased H3K4me3 and
132 menin and oncogenic mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion proteins is required for leukemic transforma
133 ations involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene fuse it in frame with multiple partner genes c
134 ranslocations of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene occur in 60% to 80% of all infant acute leukem
135 ements involving the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene occur in primary and treatment-related leukemi
138 ranslocations of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene with various partner genes result in aggressiv
140 , a component of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) histone methyltransferase complex, and transcriptio
142 internal-tandem and mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) partial-tandem duplications, and clinically signifi
144 ylation, mediated by mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) proteins, is now known to be critical in the regula
145 A translation of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) proto-oncogene in an arginine methylation-dependent
147 rectly maintains the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) self-renewal program by interacting with and retain
149 ective treatment for mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-fusion leukemia' by Dawson and colleagues, publishe
150 mising new target in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and show th
153 , leukemia driven by mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL, encoded by KMT2A) fusions with dominant transactiva
155 depleted in murine acute myeloid leukemias (MLL-AF9;Nras(G12D); PML-RARalpha acute promyelocytic leu
158 sites in the thienopyrimidine class of menin-MLL inhibitors considerably improved their inhibitory ac
159 ent with a small-molecule inhibitor of menin-MLL interaction blocks AR signaling and inhibits the gro
161 ructure-property relationships for the menin-MLL inhibitors, demonstrates challenges in optimizing in
162 e that pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction represents an effective treatment for ML
163 lable small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction, MI-463 and MI-503, and show their profo
166 impairs growth and colony formation of mouse MLL-AF9 cells in vitro as well as establishment of leuke
167 x5 was further confirmed in human and murine MLL-rearranged AML cell models in vitro, as well as in t
170 equencing on 65 infants (47 MLL-R and 18 non-MLL-R cases) and 20 older children (MLL-R cases) with le
172 transcription and transformation ability of MLL fusions and MOZ-TIF2, revealing a tractable aberrant
173 ion, and impairs the transforming ability of MLL-AF9, MLL-AF6, and NUP98-NSD1 fusions-mechanistically
176 manner, showing the leukemogenic activity of MLL-Af4 was interlinked with lymphoid lineage commitment
178 is complex contributes to the association of MLL and MLL-fusion multiprotein complexes with the chrom
183 LSC frequency and caused differentiation of MLL-AF9- and homeobox A9-driven (HOXA9-driven) leukemias
185 rotein (MLL) complex, a well-known driver of MLL fusion-positive leukemia, acts as a co-activator of
188 e data identify CDK6 as critical effector of MLL fusions in leukemogenesis that might be targeted to
191 xenograft models demonstrated inhibition of MLL-r tumor growth and inhibition of pharmacodynamic mar
194 2 in a murine model decreased the latency of MLL-AF9-induced leukemia and caused resistance to cytara
195 e self-renewal ability and leukemogenesis of MLL-Af4 myeloid cells could contribute to the strong B-c
197 establish JMJD1C as an important mediator of MLL-AF9- and HOXA9-driven LSC function that is largely d
199 ditional deletion of Mof in a mouse model of MLL-AF9-driven leukemogenesis reduced tumor burden and p
208 reduced the leukemia-initiating potential of MLL-AF9(+) acute myeloid leukemia cells in a dose-depend
210 ential for the initiation and propagation of MLL-ENL-induced AML but dispensable for normal myelopoie
211 PAR-1 increased the adherence properties of MLL-AF9 cells and promoted their engraftment to bone mar
213 complex assembly and activity regulation of MLL family methyltransferases, and also suggest a univer
214 ch to potentially overcome the resistance of MLL-rearranged AML to conventional chemotherapies and pr
216 DM16 is required for specific suppression of MLL fusion protein-induced leukemogenesis both in vitro
217 lone had a significant impact on survival of MLL-AF9-transformed cells, and additional Mll1 loss furt
224 substantially advanced our understanding of MLL leukemia pathogenesis, but often use supraphysiologi
227 ogenitor cells (HSPCs) expressing MLL-AF9 or MLL-Af4 into immunodeficient NSGS mice, which strongly p
228 urvival in retrovirally induced Myc-Bcl2- or MLL-AF9-driven leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML
229 ctors to express PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, or MLL-AF9 in bone marrow cells derived from WT or DNMT3A-d
233 r cells immortalized with the fusion protein MLL-AF9 to generate several single-cell clones that demo
234 ate that the mixed-lineage leukemia protein (MLL) complex, a well-known driver of MLL fusion-positive
235 artner genes creating novel fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) that cause aggressive acute leukemias in humans
236 ressed in mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged (MLL-rearranged) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL),
237 the outcome of infants with MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL remains dismal, with overall survival <35%.
238 stic leukemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangements (MLL-R) represents a distinct leukemia with a poor progno
242 chromatin-focused RNAi screen in a sensitive MLL-AF9;Nras(G12D)-driven AML mouse model, and investiga
244 e HAT activity of MOF is required to sustain MLL-AF9 leukemia and may be important for multiple AML s
245 MLL-AF6 and AF6 co-silencing confirmed that MLL-AF6 oncoprotein potentiates the activity of the RAS
246 netics, Andersson and colleagues report that MLL fusion alone may be sufficient to spawn an aggressiv
249 or without MLL translocations, showing that MLL translocations cause a hypomorph phenotype of RUNX1/
256 g wild-type MLL protein, which displaces the MLL chimera from some of its target genes and, therefore
258 Taken together, this work identifies the MLL complex as a crucial co-activator of AR and a potent
259 ifferentiation of leukemic stem cells in the MLL-translocated molecular subtype of acute myeloid leuk
260 of 0.90 nM (Ki value <1 nM) and inhibits the MLL H3K4 methyltransferase (HMT) activity with an IC50 v
262 ates a specific group of target genes of the MLL chimeras and their oncogenic cofactor, the super elo
263 onale for the simultaneous inhibition of the MLL fusion-AF4 complex and DOT1L for more effective trea
267 opoulou et al. report that expression of the MLL-AF9 fusion results in acute myelogenous leukemia (AM
268 r findings define SON as a fine-tuner of the MLL-menin interaction and reveal short SON overexpressio
269 and the lncRNA Hottip/HOTTIP, members of the MLL/COMPASS-like H3K4 methylases, which regulate chromat
271 mutations favoring PAF1 binding, whereas the MLL moiety provided a constitutive PAF1 tether allowing
278 urine leukemia through stabilizing wild-type MLL protein, which displaces the MLL chimera from some o
280 l models in vitro, as well as in the in vivo MLL-rearranged AML BMT model coupled with treatment of "
281 esents the most potent inhibitor of the WDR5-MLL interaction reported to date, and further optimizati
282 proteins regardless of matrix stiffness when MLL-AF9 and BCR-ABL are overexpressed in K-562 and MOLM-
283 fant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangements (MLL-R) represents a distinct leukemi
287 me the differentiation block associated with MLL-rearranged AML, and underscore that cell-cycle regul
288 tem in human established leukemic cells with MLL-AF9 translocation have no impact on their functions.
289 eatment option for infants and children with MLL-rearranged BCP-ALL who have a poor outcome when trea
290 mation and that C/EBPalpha collaborates with MLL-ENL in the induction of a transcriptional program, w
292 vator complex that makes direct contact with MLL fusion proteins and is involved in AML, however, its
293 d inducible Meis1-knockout mice coupled with MLL-AF9 knockin mice to decipher the mechanistic role of
294 childhood B-ALL, the outcome of infants with MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL remains dismal, with overal
297 lymphoblastic leukemias, such as those with MLL and BCR/ABL abnormalities, and correlate with the en
298 improved survival in mice transplanted with MLL-AF9-positive leukemic stem cells by modulating AKT a
299 d leukemia (AML) cell lines, with or without MLL translocations, showing that MLL translocations caus
300 -BET151 efficacy in a disseminated xenograft MLL mouse model, whereas the original study reported inc
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