1 MMEJ activation was dependent on XRCC1 phosphorylation b
2 MMEJ does not require S139-phosphorylated histone H2AX (
3 MMEJ recombinants showed evidence that Pol delta proofre
4 MMEJ repair efficiency increased concomitant with microh
5 MMEJ repairs DNA breaks via the use of substantial micro
6 Using
a MMEJ and HR competition repair substrate, we demonstrate
7 chromosomal gene conversion involving HR
and MMEJ at different ends of a duplicated sequence.
8 tem, suggesting a competition between HR
and MMEJ for the repair of a DSB.
9 d by C-NHEJ, the relationship between HR
and MMEJ is less clear.
10 ed to play a role in both classical NHEJ
and MMEJ, but the involvement of the analogous MRE11/RAD50/N
11 profiles into contributions from c-NHEJ
and MMEJ.
12 resulted in increased partial resection
and MMEJ, thus revealing a functional distinction between th
13 ominant pathway for DSB repair in our
assay,
MMEJ was significantly enhanced in preirradiated cells,
14 systems and discuss the relationship
between MMEJ and 'alternative end joining'.
15 codes the flap endonuclease needed to
cleave MMEJ intermediates before DNA synthesis.
16 co-immunoprecipitate complex (IP)
displayed MMEJ activity in vitro, which was significantly elevated
17 delta proofreading function is active
during MMEJ-mediated DSB repair.
18 53BP1 supports sequence deletion
during MMEJ consistent with a putative role in facilitating end
19 ous recombination in S/G2 phase but also
for MMEJ in G1.
20 polymerase delta (Pol delta) is critical
for MMEJ, independent of microhomology length and base-pairi
21 2 group genes, and Rad27 are dispensable
for MMEJ.
22 We propose a mechanistic model
for MMEJ and highlight important questions for future resear
23 clease activities of MRE11 were required
for MMEJ, as has been observed for homology-directed DSB rep
24 Furthermore,
MMEJ efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the len
25 Furthermore,
MMEJ is used to repair DSBs generated at collapsed repli
26 In MMEJ, the repair of DNA breaks is mediated by annealing
27 cate a role for the X. laevis MRN complex
in MMEJ.
28 ted in MMEJ, cause a synergistic decrease
in MMEJ repair.
29 the DNA polymerase previously implicated
in MMEJ, cause a synergistic decrease in MMEJ repair.
30 Although the genetic components involved
in MMEJ are largely unknown, those in NHEJ and SSA are char
31 operative involvement of both polymerases
in MMEJ.
32 Consistent with a specific role
in MMEJ we confirm that 53BP1 status does not affect c-NHEJ
33 ur data support the role of Sae2 and Tel1
in MMEJ and genome integrity.
34 omology-mediated non-homologous end
joining (
MMEJ) can also be used but to a lesser extent compared t
35 Microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ) is a major pathway for Ku-independent alternative
36 This microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ) is Ku independent, but strongly dependent on Mre11
37 Microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ) joins DNA ends via short stretches [5-20 nucleotid
38 , robust microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ) was observed with DNA substrates bearing 5-, 8-, 1
39 Microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ), an error-prone pathway for DNA double-strand brea
40 pathway, microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ), can also be deployed.
41 m, named microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ), has received increasing attention.
42 olved in microhomology mediated end
joining (
MMEJ), one of the characteristics of B-NHEJ.
43 (HR) and microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ), while non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) has not b
44 m termed microhomology-mediated end
joining (
MMEJ).
45 n in the microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ) component, polymerase theta/mutagen-sensitive 308
46 or-prone microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ) pathway.
47 otion of microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ), a subtype of alt-NHEJ, in G1-phase.
48 EJ), and microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ).
49 known as microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ).
50 ining or microhomology-mediated end-
joining (
MMEJ).
51 pendent classical nonhomologous end
joining,
MMEJ--even with very limited end resection--requires cyc
52 e final sealing of DSBs during
mitochondrial MMEJ.
53 tIP, FEN1, MRE11, and PARP1 in
mitochondrial MMEJ.
54 indicate that HR factors suppress
mutagenic MMEJ following DSB resection.
55 of CtIP in homologous recombination, but
not MMEJ, is dependent on the phosphorylation of serine resi
56 allowed measurement of relative activity
of MMEJ versus NHEJ.
57 Here, we summarize the genetic attributes
of MMEJ from several model systems and discuss the relation
58 We discuss the contribution
of MMEJ pathways to genome evolution, subtelomere recombina
59 ggest that radiation-mediated enhancement
of MMEJ in cells surviving radiation therapy may contribute
60 Thus, we describe the features
of MMEJ in Trypanosoma brucei, which is analogous to micro
61 MRE11, POLQ and PARP, and thus indicative
of MMEJ.
62 ere fusions, but the underlying mechanism
of MMEJ in mammalian cells is not well understood.
63 ontent all favored repair and the pattern
of MMEJ described above was similar at several different lo
64 Interestingly, promotion
of MMEJ by 53BP1 in G1-phase cells is only observed in the
65 e observations highlight the central role
of MMEJ in maintenance of mammalian mitochondrial genome in
66 omplementary DNA ends that rely primarily
on MMEJ repair.
67 Sae2 and Tel1
promote MMEJ but inhibit NHEJ, likely by regulating Mre11-depend
68 dividual DSBR survivors exclusively
revealed MMEJ-based deletions but no NHEJ.
69 ndent microhomology-mediated end joining (
SD-
MMEJ), in which de novo synthesis by an accurate non-pro
70 ndent microhomology-mediated end joining (
SD-
MMEJ), predicts that differences between DNA sequences n
71 es consistent with the predictions of our
SD-
MMEJ model.
72 Genetic analysis indicates that
SD-
MMEJ is Ku70, Lig4 and Rad51-independent but impaired in
73 We also obtained evidence for 'trans
SD-
MMEJ,' involving at least two consecutive rounds of micr
74 deletions were RAD51-independent, one-
sided MMEJ was RAD51 dependent.
75 nd annealing; and RAD51 dependent, one-
sided MMEJ.
76 ombination (HR), Rad52 and Rad51,
suppressed MMEJ in this system, suggesting a competition between HR
77 describe a role for HR genes in
suppressing MMEJ in human cells.
78 ition repair substrate, we demonstrated
that MMEJ with short end resection is used in mammalian cells
79 We also find
that MMEJ compensates for loss of nonhomologous end joining t
80 We found
that MMEJ requires the nuclease activity of Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2,
81 We also showed
that MMEJ shares the initial end resection step with homologo
82 These studies suggest
that MMEJ not only is a backup repair pathway in mammalian ce
83 gments loss of DNA sequence, suggesting
that MMEJ is a highly regulated DSB repair process.
84 rad52Delta yku70Delta strains suggests
that MMEJ also contributes to the repair of DSBs induced by i
85 The MMEJ also occurs when Rad52 is absent, but the extent of
86 trand breaks, to recapitulate DSB repair
via MMEJ or nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ).
87 ingle-stranded DNA after DNA damage,
whereas MMEJ remains unaffected.
88 While MMEJ is suppressed by C-NHEJ, the relationship between H
89 While MMEJ-based deletions were RAD51-independent, one-sided M
90 mbda showed faster kinetics associating
with MMEJ substrates following DSB induction than Pol delta.