ライフサイエンスコーパス: MTOC

1 MTOC reorientation was closely preceded first by product

2 MTOC repositioning allows the release of proteases and t

3 MTOC-associated Ad had escaped from endosomes and thus h

4 ls early in their cell cycle, an acentriolar MTOC reassembled, and, prior to NEB, a functional amphia

5 Formation of such acentriolar MTOCs could be phenocopied by overexpression of Sas-4 in

6 res loss of microtubule-organizing activity (MTOC) at the centrosome, but the mechanisms regulating t

7 ls, the centrosome is often attenuated as an MTOC and MTOC function is reassigned to non-centrosomal

8 Our results suggest that Cep55 may act as an MTOC-associated protein regulating spindle organization,

9 We identify rsp1p, an MTOC protein required for eMTOC disassembly.

10 in C. elegans embryonic intestinal cells and MTOC function is reassigned to the apical membrane.

11 However, whether duplication and MTOC organization reflect innate activities of centriole

12 thways is required for cytotoxic granule and MTOC polarization and for cytotoxicity of human NK cells

13 ulating the clustering of lytic granules and MTOC repositioning during the development of NK cell-med

14 mulate at the immunological synapse (IS) and MTOC translocation was inhibited.

15 entrosome is often attenuated as an MTOC and MTOC function is reassigned to non-centrosomal sites suc

16 tep in gamma-tubulin complex recruitment and MTOC formation, but how Mto1 localizes to such sites has

17 H 3T3 fibroblasts where MT stabilization and MTOC reorientation are triggered by lysophosphatidic aci

18 to1/2[bonsai], that does not localize to any MTOC sites.

19 R-antigen microcluster gathering, as well as MTOC polarization and lysosome exocytosis, at the synaps

20 more, AurA-coated magnetic beads function as MTOCs in the presence of RanGTP in Xenopus egg extracts

21 rA is essential for the beads to function as MTOCs.

22 tial for the function of these organelles as MTOCs.

23 ane (eMTOCs) and nuclear-envelope associated MTOCs in interphase cells (iMTOCs).

24 o (self-organize) without nuclear-associated MTOCs, but require the microtubule nucleator mod20-mbo1-

25 persist independently of nuclear-associated MTOCs, including the spindle pole body (SPB)--the centro

26 ergillus nidulans SPBs and septum-associated MTOCs were described.

27 uced pPKCdelta(Thr505) protein expression at MTOCs and leads to a significant (P < 0.05) disruption o

28 gamma-tubulin and pericentrin expression at MTOCs were decreased in pPKCdelta(Thr505)-depleted oocyt

29 ammaTuSC are highly conserved and present at MTOCs in diverse eukaryotes, similar regulatory mechanis

30 s associated with decreased gamma-tubulin at MTOCs in NEDD1-depleted oocytes, as well as a high frequ

31 Because MTOC polarization to the synapse is required for polariz

32 nt on dynein motor function, occurred before MTOC polarization, and did not require a commitment to c

33 n requires tight mechanical coupling between MTOC and nucleus, which is mediated by lamin A/C.

34 OC, and minimal redistribution of Ad between MTOCs within a single cell.

35 mma-tubulin complex to non-spindle pole body MTOCs and physically interacts with the gamma-tubulin co

36 tubule nucleation from non-spindle pole body MTOCs in fission yeast.

37 mma-tubulin complex to non-spindle pole body MTOCs.

38 eMTOC disassembly, small satellites carrying MTOC components such as the gamma-tubulin complex travel

39 t divide after differentiation, the cellular MTOC state switches between the membrane and the centros

40 antation development, the number of cellular MTOCs progressively decreased, the spindle pole graduall

41 ized in the microtubule organization center (MTOC) and, in contrast to other survivin isoforms (i.e.

42 ocuses to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) after NK cell activation, when it is able to assoc

43 zation of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and cytolytic granules to the NK cell immune synap

44 , whereas the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and cytosolic granules follow the nucleus across t

45 usion) to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and promotes its fusion with lysosomes, which is n

46 ome acts as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and remains stationary, forming one pole of the fu

47 tion near the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and subsequent delivery by the polarized MTOC dire

48 es toward the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and translocation of the MTOC to the target contac

49 rgence to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) as an early, prerequisite step in NK cell cytotoxi

50 n a discrete posterior MT organizing center (MTOC) capable of supporting ectopic posterior localizati

51 e acts as the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) during mitosis in animal cells.

52 preading, and microtubule organizing center (MTOC) formation in NK cells.

53 ration of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) from the nuclear envelope.

54 s the primary microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells.

55 is the major microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in dividing cells and in many postmitotic, differe

56 itment of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in HIV-1-infected cells.

57 from the microtubule (MT)-organizing center (MTOC) in IQGAP1-deficient cells.

58 s is the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in muscle cells due to the accumulation of centros

59 The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is reoriented between the nucleus and the leading

60 centrosome, the major MT organizing center (MTOC) of the cell.

61 away from the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) on microtubules.

62 ion preceding microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) polarization to the synapse.

63 calcium flux, microtubule organizing center (MTOC) polarization, phosphorylation of ZAP-70, and T-cel

64 through its effects on MT organizing center (MTOC) polarization.

65 he centrosome/microtubule organizing center (MTOC) relative to the cell nucleus and the body axes, as

66 MTs emanating from the MT-organizing center (MTOC) shortly after viral entry and more pronounced and

67 ains a unique microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) that organizes the cytoskeleton.

68 zation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the immunological synapse enables the direction

69 onnecting the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) to the nucleus.

70 cation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the synapse, and focused secretion of effector

71 zation of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) together with cytolytic granules to the synapse wi

72 of the T cell microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the antigen-presenting cell (APC) is driven

73 of the T cell microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the antigen-presenting cell enables the dir

74 tation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the APC.

75 ration of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) well before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB).

76 vement of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), granzyme B (a component of cytotoxic granules), a

77 zation at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), Nuf is present at the MTOC only during the phases

78 with two key microtubule organizing center (MTOC)-associated proteins, pericentrin and gamma-tubulin

79 tation of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

80 s as an unconventional MT-organizing center (MTOC).

81 the daughter microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

82 near the host microtubule-organizing center (MTOC).

83 known as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

84 e reorientation of the MT organizing center (MTOC).

85 rently at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC).

86 ucleus to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

87 ates with the microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

88 zation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC).

89 ation and mislocalized MT organizing center (MTOC)/Golgi and myosin IIB cell rear enrichment.

90 centrosome- [microtubule organizing center (MTOC)] associated protein that regulates nucleokinesis v

91 Moreover, the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC, or centrosome), which rapidly reorients to the imm

92 formation of microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) on its own.

93 rse types of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) also exist, especially in differentiated cells.

94 s located at microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and coimmunoprecipitates with gamma-tubulin Gtb1

95 ically to cytoplasmic MT organizing centers (MTOCs) and interphase MTs.

96 cifically at microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and not more broadly throughout the cytoplasm.

97 hundreds of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) are assembled completely from maternal components

98 Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) are large, multi-subunit protein complexes.

99 -centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) direct microtubule (MT) organization to exert div

100 Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) form, anchor, and stabilize the polarized network

101 sociate with microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) from yeast to humans, but their mitotic roles and

102 ricentrin at microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in mouse oocytes arrested at prophase-I.

103 sitioning of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) incorporates biochemical and mechanical cues for

104 n persist as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) into interphase.

105 Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) nucleate microtubules that can grow autonomously

106 egulation of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) orchestrates the reorganization of the microtubul

107 leation from microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) such as the animal centrosome and fungal spindle

108 ttachment of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) to intermediate filaments (IFs) enables their loc

109 granules and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) toward the immune synapse between effector NK lym

110 distributed microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) without centrioles, because of the concerted acti

111 ntracellular microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), although such structures remain poorly character

112 Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), known as centrosomes in animals and spindle pole

113 s, and other microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), whether by direct filiation or symbiogenesis, ha

114 ntrosomes or microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs).

115 primary microtubule (MT)-organizing centers (MTOCs).

116 of multiple microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs).

117 at specific microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs).

118 bulin within microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs).

119 ansported to microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs).

120 exes to microtubule (MT) organizing centers (MTOCs).

121 g cells, the microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs; mammalian centrosome and yeast spindle pole body

122 The central MTOC is the centrosome that duplicates during the cell c

123 le to promote microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) formation in both embryos and oocytes.

124 me, the major microtubule organizing centre (MTOC).

125 acentriolar microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) into a high number of small MTOCs to be able to t

126 Here, we use the robust loss of centrosomal MTOC activity in the epidermis to identify two pools of

127 f these complexes drives loss of centrosomal MTOC activity.

128 mitochondrial MTOC and other non-centrosomal MTOCs has not been discerned.

129 assembly and organization of non-centrosomal MTOCs.

130 in live embryos, we find that the centrosome MTOC state is dominant and that the inactive MTOC state

131 ults in rapid reactivation of the centrosome MTOC.

132 cell before being activated as a centrosome/MTOC.

133 ify with the microtubule organizing complex (MTOC) and its associated 20S proteasome.

134 xes, providing a mechanistic link connecting MTOC activity and differentiation.

135 processes, including cell motility, coupled MTOC and nucleus dynamics, and cell polarization, depend

136 it to several different types of cytoplasmic MTOC sites.

137 As mto1Delta mutants lack cytoplasmic MTOCs, cytoplasmic MTs arise from spindle or other intra

138 yces pombe has multiple types of cytoplasmic MTOCs, and these vary through the cell cycle.

139 from stathmin(-/-) mice displayed defective MTOC polarization and defective target cell cytolysis.

140 subregions of MASC target Mto1 to different MTOCs, and multimerization of MASC is important for effi

141 tant for targeting Mto1 to multiple distinct MTOCs.

142 r proteins that function downstream to drive MTOC movement.

143 in the microtubule arrays generated by each MTOC, which we demonstrate with in vivo measurements, an

144 accumulation and Cdc42 activation to enable MTOC polarization and NK cell cytotoxicity.

145 ast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an equatorial MTOC (eMTOC) at the cell division site disassembles afte

146 ion, microtubule release from the equatorial MTOC (eMTOC), and the dynamic fusion and splitting of mi

147 and during late anaphase from the equatorial MTOC (EMTOC).

148 These are the equatorial MTOC, which nucleates microtubules from the cell divisio

149 luding the SPB and interphase and equatorial MTOCs.

150 ed the organizing principle of the flagellar MTOC.

151 eta, yet these components were essential for MTOC reorientation, as they maintained the MTOC at the c

152 showing that ERK activation is important for MTOC polarization.

153 und that compared with the time required for MTOC polarization, lytic granules converged to the MTOC

154 aining leukocyte protein-76 are required for MTOC polarization.

155 ts indicated that PKC-theta was required for MTOC reorientation and that PKC-varepsilon and PKC-eta o

156 defines a minimal molecular requirement for MTOC generation and implicates the potent role of Cnn (o

157 The requirements for MTOC polarization were examined at a single-cell level b

158 ner and is required for conjugate formation, MTOC (microtubule organizing center) polarization, and N

159 Failure to fragment MTOCs leads to defects in spindle assembly, which delay

160 Mechanisms generating MTOC diversity are poorly understood.

161 multimolecular complexes that maintain Golgi/MTOC orientation, differ from those that might contain a

162 l migration and initial orientation of Golgi/MTOC toward the leading edge, which was not mimicked by

163 Schizosaccharomyces pombe harbors MTOCs at spindle pole bodies, transient MTOCs in the div

164 Here, we analyze how MTOC function is reassigned to the apical membrane of C.

165 In other cell types, however, MTOC function is reassigned from the centrosome to nonce

166 Hyperactive MTOC function at the centrosome is associated with epith

167 disrupting the localization of DAG impaired MTOC recruitment.

168 iated antigen 1, leads to a severe defect in MTOC polarization at the immunological synapse.

169 to the centrosome, culminating in a peak in MTOC function in metaphase.

170 y for a calcium response also play a role in MTOC polarization.

171 MTOC state is dominant and that the inactive MTOC state of the centrosome is malleable; fusion of a m

172 How signals emanating from the TCR induce MTOC polarization is not known.

173 Furthermore, blocking LFA-1-induced MTOC polarization through ZAP70 inhibition prevented int

174 olecular regulator of not only shear-induced MTOC polarization in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, but also of

175 t-negative form of Par1b blocked TCR-induced MTOC polarization, our data suggest that Par1b functions

176 duce polarized Cdc42 activity, which induces MTOC localization through the Par6-protein kinase Czeta

177 t cells or primary mouse CTLs also inhibited MTOC translocation and CTL-mediated killing.

178 ed LPA-induced stable MTs without inhibiting MTOC reorientation.

179 ing small interfering RNA similarly inhibits MTOC polarization and cytotoxic activity but does not im

180 entrosome cycle produces a single interphase MTOC, coarsely aligning the spindle, and spindle-cortex

181 orces are at work to maintain the interphase MTOC position in wild-type cells.

182 n site at the end of mitosis, and interphase MTOCs, which nucleate microtubules from multiple sites n

183 iginate from poorly characterized interphase MTOCs and spindle pole body (SPB), and during late anaph

184 s after cytokinesis, and multiple interphase MTOCs (iMTOCs) appear on the nucleus.

185 cell line expressing a fluorescently labeled MTOC with Staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen-bound

186 tle is known about the mechanisms that limit MTOC activation at the centrosome.

187 is union and block normal CIP4 localization, MTOC polarization to the IS, and cytotoxicity.

188 s in attachment of this complex to the major MTOC site.

189 ential for functional centrosomes, the major MTOCs in animal cells.

190 ecular characterization of the mitochondrial MTOC defines a minimal molecular requirement for MTOC ge

191 , the molecular basis for this mitochondrial MTOC and other non-centrosomal MTOCs has not been discer

192 al to specify the apical membrane as the new MTOC.

193 anism for the organization of noncentrosomal MTOCs in eukaryotic cells.

194 induced the formation of stable MTs, but not MTOC reorientation, in starved fibroblasts.

195 We show that conversion of MTOC state involves the conserved centrosome protein SPD

196 K cells, similar to Arl8b, led to failure of MTOC-lytic granule polarization to the immune synapse, s

197 We propose that the movements of MTOC and nucleus are coupled chemically, because they ar

198 rosome position and that the reassignment of MTOC function from centrosomes to the apical membrane is

199 ontributing to the dynamic redistribution of MTOC components for organization of interphase microtubu

200 view recent advances in our understanding of MTOC reorientation in T cells, focusing first on the imp

201 ctivity generally correlates with the age of MTOCs and contributes to orienting the mitotic spindle w

202 Analysis of MTOCs fractionated from SOCS-1-deficient cells demonstra

203 that GCP6 participates in the attachment of MTOCs to IFs in epithelial cells and is among the factor

204 in, Spa10, as anchor for a specific class of MTOCs.

205 n hubs in controlling biological networks of MTOCs in early-branching protozoan parasites.

206 The intracellular position of MTOCs was polarized, perpendicular to the plane of the g

207 e in cell biology, the physical structure of MTOCs is poorly understood.

208 In fission yeast, two types of MTOCs exist in addition to the spindle pole body, the ye

209 could be attributed to a defect in not only MTOC polarity, but also impaired clustering of lytic gra

210 an essential component of acentriolar oocyte MTOCs, which functions in the regulation of meiotic spin

211 or can be self-organized, relying on its own MTOC activity.

212 f migrating neurons with correctly polarized MTOC location was significantly reduced while nuclear-ce

213 OC) and subsequent delivery by the polarized MTOC directly to the secretory domain-the shortest path.

214 Golgi compartment proximal to the polarized MTOC.

215 ated Jurkat cells, and loss of ADAP prevents MTOC translocation and the specific recruitment of dynei

216 /CD3 clustering, which subsequently prevents MTOC reorientation, cell cycle progression, and mitosis.

217 not microfilaments, are required for proper MTOC localization of Nuf and Rab11.

218 Localization of Mto1 to prospective MTOC sites has been proposed as a key step in gamma-tubu

219 This defines a novel paradigm for rapid MTOC-directed transport as a prerequisite for directed s

220 am signals that promote actin rearrangement, MTOC polarization, and calcium mobilization are not.

221 hermore, analysis of partially reconstituted MTOC asters in cells that escape complete repolymerizati

222 allel microtubules originating from a single MTOC, the growth of multiple microtubules needs to coord

223 centres (MTOCs) into a high number of small MTOCs to be able to then regroup and merge them into two

224 ntrosomes, making it an ideal model to study MTOC assembly.

225 Such MTOCs had pericentriolar material and the centriolar pro

226 ium in a uropod during chemokine-driven TEM, MTOC reorientation to the contact region between the T c

227 Here, we find that MTOC function at the centrosome is completely inactivate

228 Our data reveal the novel finding that MTOC separation and amphiaster formation does not absolu

229 of the T cell antigen receptor, we show that MTOC polarization is driven by localized accumulation of

230 We show that MTOCs are fragmented in a three-step process.

231 The MTOC function of AurA-coated beads require both MT nucle

232 The MTOC localization of Nuf also relies on Dynein.

233 The MTOC-directed movement of lytic granules was independent

234 The MTOC-TMA transports the meiotic chromosomes to the anima

235 nd that the positions of the nucleus and the MTOC are established by separate regulatory pathways.

236 ired clustering of lytic granules around the MTOC.

237 pletely overlapped with gamma-tubulin at the MTOC in cells inspected by confocal microscopy.

238 anizing center (MTOC), Nuf is present at the MTOC only during the phases of the cell cycle in which f

239 l amounts always remained, apparently at the MTOC.

240 f Jurkat cells microtubules project from the MTOC to a ring of the scaffolding protein ADAP, localize

241 arrival at rather than Ad departure from the MTOC, and minimal redistribution of Ad between MTOCs wit

242 les of concentration and dispersion from the MTOC.

243 rough an interaction with ADAP, reels in the MTOC, allowing for directed secretion along the polarize

244 r MTOC reorientation, as they maintained the MTOC at the cell centroid.

245 e aberrant particles still assemble near the MTOC but do not produce infectious virus.

246 nduce MT thickening and acetylation near the MTOC, potentially aiding in the delivery viral genomes t

247 However, both polarization of the MTOC and cytolytic granules to the synaptic region and N

248 Both are required for polarization of the MTOC and cytolytic granules, a prerequisite for killing

249 cused secretion, namely translocation of the MTOC and lytic granules to the IS, respectively.

250 gagement triggers active polarization of the MTOC and the associated Env-containing secretory apparat

251 tion, neurite outgrowth, and function of the MTOC in a dose-dependent manner.

252 shear flows also causes repositioning of the MTOC in the direction of flow.

253 First, PLK1 triggers a decondensation of the MTOC structure.

254 We found that repolarization of the MTOC substantially followed fluxes in calcium.

255 izing center (MTOC) and translocation of the MTOC to the target contact site.

256 the T cell receptor to translocation of the MTOC, in which the minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic

257 he cytoplasm, disrupting organization of the MTOC-TMA and meiotic spindle.

258 ocyte maturation, disrupting assembly of the MTOC-TMA and subsequent assembly of the first meiotic sp

259 anti-NuMA disrupted the organization of the MTOC-TMA and subsequent assembly of the meiotic spindles

260 To understand more fully the assembly of the MTOC-TMA, we used confocal immunofluorescence microscopy

261 nd NuMA are required for organization of the MTOC-TMA.

262 calized with pericentrin, a component of the MTOC.

263 cells, a CD28 signal is used to polarize the MTOC and cytolytic granules to the NK cell immune synaps

264 d away from the leading edge to reorient the MTOC, while the MTOC remained stationary.

265 to a perinuclear distribution resembling the MTOC-associated 20S proteasome.

266 In the final stages of TCR-driven TEM, the MTOC precedes, rather than follows, the nucleus across t

267 Models suggest that the MTOC is moved to its position during reorientation.

268 The mechanisms that couple DAG to the MTOC are not known.

269 ts suggest that Mzt1/Tam4 contributes to the MTOC function through regulation of GCP3(Alp6).

270 Ad localization to the MTOC in the enucleated cells was stable, as demonstrated

271 , Dynein-dependent recruitment of Nuf to the MTOC influences the timing of RE-based vesicle delivery

272 trachomatis bacteria fail to traffic to the MTOC or to switch into the conventional persistent state

273 olarization, lytic granules converged to the MTOC rapidly.

274 Nucleic acids endogenous to the MTOC would support evolutionary origin by symbiogenesis.

275 hat the minus-end transport of SOCS-1 to the MTOC-associated 20S proteasome is required to regulate S

276 is responsible for targeting assembly to the MTOC.

277 quired for the localization of SOCS-1 to the MTOC.

278 model in which Klar links the nucleus to the MTOC.

279 to regulate the localization of Jak1 to the MTOC.

280 migration and for nuclear attachment to the MTOC.

281 leading edge to reorient the MTOC, while the MTOC remained stationary.

282 id establishes a stable interaction with the MTOC when a nucleus is not present, suggesting that diss

283 quired to maintain the localization with the MTOC.

284 etry with Alp4/GCP2 and localizes to all the MTOCs, including the SPB and interphase and equatorial M

285 Third, KIF11 further fragments the MTOCs following nuclear envelope breakdown so that they

286 origin and polarity of forces acting on the MTOCs.

287 Second, BicD2-anchored dynein stretches the MTOCs into fragmented ribbons along the nuclear envelope

288 These MTOCs appear to be canonical centrosomes because they co

289 Strikingly, the center of these MTOCs did not contain centrioles, as described previousl

290 Two of these MTOCs join the female pronucleus to set up the first mit

291 from endosomes and thus had direct access to MTOC components.

292 s Mto1 and Mto2 (Mto1/2), which localizes to MTOCs and interacts with the gamma-tubulin complex.

293 Mod20p localizes to MTOCs throughout the cell cycle and is also dynamically

294 and is sufficient to convert mitochondria to MTOCs independent of core pericentriolar proteins that r

295 s in social microwells were polarized toward MTOC.

296 bors MTOCs at spindle pole bodies, transient MTOCs in the division plane (eMTOCs) and nuclear-envelop

297 g of wound-edge fibroblasts after triggering MTOC reorientation with soluble factors, we found instea

298 The asymmetry might result from the two MTOCs being in distinctive maturation states.

299 ng intracellular vesicles at the IS, whereas MTOC translocation was not affected.

300 dicate that pPKCdelta(Thr505) interacts with MTOC-associated proteins and plays a role in meiotic spi

301 hase-II, the protein remains associated with MTOCs, in a pericentrin dependent manner.