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1 h-promoting agent (acting at P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2X7 receptors).
2 al role in the transcriptional regulation of P2X7 receptor.
3 hought to be characteristic hallmarks of the P2X7 receptor.
4 o cellular responses typically attributed to P2X7 receptor.
5 S) stimulation and ATP signaling through the P2X7 receptor.
6 to be driven by unimpeded activation of the P2X7 receptor.
7 K(+) caused by stimulation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor.
8 a was unimpaired in macrophages deficient in P2X7 receptor.
9 of the extracellular loop of the full-length P2X7 receptor.
10 hly sensitive to that stimulated through the P2X7 receptor.
11 reatment for epilepsy based on targeting the P2X7 receptor.
12 ophages but not from macrophages lacking the P2X7 receptor.
13 esponse to SCI by activation of low-affinity P2X7 receptors.
14 l lines expressing recombinant human and rat P2X7 receptors.
15 ue-G, and KN-62, demonstrating activation of P2X7 receptors.
16 iate between the two widely used agonists at P2X7 receptors.
17 inhibitor Z-VADfmk, and requires functional P2X7 receptors.
18 with DNA fragmentation, and does not require P2X7 receptors.
19 ifferentially regulated by the activation of P2X7 receptors.
20 a(2+) permeability are difficult to apply to P2X7 receptors.
21 asses that selectively target P2X1, P2X3, or P2X7 receptors.
22 human embryonic kidney cells expressing rat P2X7 receptors.
23 hemichannel protein that interacts with the P2X(7) receptor.
24 opper with residues in the ectodomain of the P2X(7) receptor.
25 e discovered to be novel antagonists for the P2X(7) receptor.
26 suramin, consistent with the actions of the P2X(7) receptor.
27 maturation and release of IL-1 beta via the P2X(7) receptor.
28 ATP is responsible for the activation of the P2X(7) receptor.
29 through purinergic receptors, primarily the P2X(7) receptor.
30 ls and that this released ATP autostimulates P2X(7) receptors.
31 ibly bacterial infection through ligation of P2X(7) receptors.
32 ferase-2 (ART2)-mediated ADP ribosylation of P2X(7) receptors.
33 y, we generated a new NOD stock deficient in P2X(7) receptors.
34 ls and human CD4(+) T cells express abundant P2X(7) receptors.
35 BALB/c mice, which express fully functional P2X(7) receptors.
36 ry pain; and the complex actions mediated by P2X(7) receptors.
37 cessing and release via direct activation of P2X(7) receptors.
38 mma disrupts the functionality of purinergic P2X7 receptors, a key step controlling eCB production by
41 retinal microvessels to the lethal effect of P2X(7) receptor activation may be a previously unrecogni
42 romotes IL-1 beta maturation and release via P2X(7) receptor activation, millimolar ATP concentration
45 e investigated whether LTB4 is produced upon P2X7 receptor activation and examined whether LTB4 modul
49 investigated for dependence upon caspase-1, P2X7 receptor activation, and loss of membrane asymmetry
53 astrocytes with properties characteristic of P2X7 receptor activation: the current was amplified in l
55 4-benzoyl)benzoyl adenosine 5'-triphosphate (P2X(7) receptor agonist), AG10, AG18, and carbonyl cyani
57 usly, the authors demonstrated that BzATP, a P2X(7) receptor agonist, enhanced corneal epithelial mig
58 ll patch clamp studies, exposure to the P2X4/P2X7 receptor agonist 2'3'-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)-adenosi
63 ed treatment with lipopolysaccharide and the P2X7 receptor agonist, benzylated ATP, suggesting that n
64 ess functional purinergic receptors and that P2X7 receptor agonists significantly reduce cell numbers
65 P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y12, and at P2X4 and P2X7 receptors), an immunosuppressant (acting at P2Y11),
66 ng mechanisms were prevented by knocking out P2X7 receptor and by the use of specific antagonists.
71 n experiments with HEK cells, which lack the P2X7 receptor and showed strikingly increased response t
72 S. aureus supernatant was independent of the P2X7 receptor and the essential TLR adaptors MyD88 and T
73 ess a low activation threshold allele of the P2X7 receptor and the P2X7 gene maps to a locus associat
76 g lipin-2 decreases ion currents through the P2X7 receptor, and downstream events that drive IL-1beta
78 he centrally available, potent, and specific P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 (30 mg/kg) signifi
80 y 10-100 nM) and selective (> or = 100-fold) P2X(7) receptor antagonists against the other P2 recepto
81 ally restored by coinstillation of P2X(1) or P2X(7) receptor antagonists or of caffeine with LPS.
85 ular constituent immunoreactive for specific P2X7 receptor antiserum in the kainate-induced seizure a
91 pressing a rat P2X7 receptor indicating that P2X7 receptors are not involved in stimulation of ATP re
94 pore-forming properties of human and rodent P2X7 receptors are sensitive to perturbations of cholest
95 ive stress in ALS microglia and identify the P2X7 receptor as a promising target for the development
99 r gadolinium chloride, or siRNA silencing of P2X(7) receptors blocks calcium entry and inhibits T-cel
101 f pannexin-1-hemichannel (PNX1) coupled with P2X7-receptor blocks the infection-induced eATP release
102 of fluorescent dyes in many cells expressing P2X7 receptors, but controversy persists as to whether s
104 , in SOD1-G93A microglia, the stimulation of P2X7 receptor by 2'-3'-O-(benzoyl-benzoyl) ATP enhanced
106 lts demonstrate that the open channel of the P2X7 receptor can allow passage of molecules with sizes
107 itionally, it has been demonstrated that the P2X7 receptor can induce PLA2 activation and arachidonic
111 de during activation by endogenous ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channels, the exogenous bacterial ionophor
113 her than upregulate the number of functional P2X(7) receptor/channels, diabetes appears to facilitate
115 C57BL/6 mice that express poorly functional P2X(7) receptors, compared to control BALB/c mice, which
116 we present crystal structures of a mammalian P2X7 receptor complexed with five structurally-unrelated
117 Considering that extracellular ATP through P2X7 receptor constitutes a neuron-to-microglia alarm si
118 dings suggest that P2X receptors, especially P2X(7) receptors, contribute to ATP- and BzATP-induced C
119 rs controlling proliferation, while P2X5 and P2X7 receptors control early differentiation, terminal d
122 eptic mice displayed enhanced agonist-evoked P2X7 receptor currents, and synaptosomes from these anim
124 fficient to induce motor neuron death by the P2X7 receptor-dependent activation of the Fas pathway.
127 The generation of prothrombotic MPs required P2X7 receptor-dependent production of ROS leading to inc
128 e data suggest that PDI regulates a critical P2X7 receptor-dependent signaling pathway that generates
129 tracellular calcium induced by activation of P2X(7) receptors directly increases DG lipase activity w
130 c receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 (P2X7 receptor; encoded by P2rx7) induced activation (dec
131 blocking effect of antagonists to P2X(4) and P2X(7) receptors expressed by microglial cells in neurop
132 These results were relevant in vivo since P2X7 receptor expression was upregulated in a P. gingiva
134 tative measures of the Ca(2+) current of the P2X7 receptor for the first time, and suggest that the c
136 study, we investigate the effect of loss of P2X7 receptor function on retinal structure and function
141 PS followed by ATP-induced activation of the P2X(7) receptor; GFP also was released under these condi
144 he present study suggests that targeting the P2X7 receptor has anticonvulsant and possibly disease-mo
146 lly relevant strategy by which to antagonize P2X7 receptors has yet, to the best of our knowledge, be
147 ular ATP signaling, particularly through the P2X7 receptor, has considerable translational potential,
148 sue, followed by activation of high-affinity P2X7 receptors, has previously been implicated in second
149 idely distributed in the nervous system, and P2X7 receptors have roles in neuropathic pain and in the
150 ey (HEK) cells stably transfected with human P2X(7) receptors (HEK-P2X(7)) to investigate the mechani
151 pothesized that the ATP-activated macrophage P2X7 receptors implicated in nucleotide-mediated macroph
152 usion, we demonstrated the importance of the P2X(7) receptor in ATP induced cell death of HEK-P2X(7)
153 ) gene were used to evaluate the role of the P2X(7) receptor in nucleotide-evoked fluid secretion.
154 oal here was to characterize the role of the P2X(7) receptor in the repair of in vivo corneal epithel
156 These results suggest an important role of P2X(7) receptors in neuropathic pain and therefore a pot
159 ent study shows that loss of function of the P2X7 receptor in mice induces retinal changes representi
162 study demonstrated functional expression of P2X7 receptors in non-neuronal but not in small diameter
163 In the present study, the expression of P2X7 receptors in non-neuronal cells and neurons isolate
164 showed that prolonged agonist activation of P2X7 receptors in non-neuronal cells did not lead to cyt
166 In addition, the released ATP activates P2X7 receptors in satellite cells that enwrap each DRG n
168 ophages; however, only monocytes also showed P2X7 receptor-independent release of mature IL-1beta.
169 K293 cells and HEK293 cells expressing a rat P2X7 receptor indicating that P2X7 receptors are not inv
171 In addition, the sustained activation of P2X7 receptors inhibited cell-to-cell electrotonic trans
173 tivation, each of which was inhibited by the P2X(7) receptor inhibitors Brilliant Blue G or A 438079.
174 le translational potential, given that novel P2X7-receptor inhibitors are already available for clini
177 ase and autocrine, positive feedback through P2X(7) receptors is required for the effective activatio
183 well as wild-type mice, suggesting that the P2X7 receptor is not required for control of pulmonary M
185 In our study, we show that the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor is upregulated in experimental epilepsy an
186 exin channels and blocking activation of the P2X(7) receptor, is neuroprotective for stretched neuron
187 unctional studies, our data suggest that the P2X7 receptor itself constitutes a lipid-composition dep
188 xogenous LTB4, and macrophages obtained from P2X7 receptor knockout mice eliminated L. amazonensis wh
189 at hyperoxia induces K(+) efflux through the P2X7 receptor, leading to inflammasome activation and se
190 indings suggest a noxious mechanism by which P2X7 receptor leads to enhanced oxidative stress in ALS
192 ptosomes from these animals showed increased P2X7 receptor levels and altered calcium responses.
193 tivation by mithramycin A reduced endogenous P2X7 receptor levels in primary cultures of cortical neu
195 Gln have >85% loss of 'pore' function of the P2X7 receptor measured by ATP-induced ethidium uptake.
196 infection inhibits extracellular-ATP (eATP)/P2X7-receptor mediated cell death in gingival epithelial
197 lagellin proceeds normally in the absence of P2X7 receptor-mediated cytoplasmic K(+) perturbations.
200 AM or by low or no extracellular Ca(2+); and P2X(7) receptor mRNA and protein were expressed in RPE c
201 conserved in the ectodomain of all mammalian P2X(7) receptors, none of which is homologous to previou
203 one (compound 35), were found to have robust P2X7 receptor occupancy at low doses in rat with ED50 va
205 the agonist-gated Ca(2+) flux of recombinant P2X7 receptors of dog, guinea pig, human, monkey, mouse,
206 ted intraocular pressure, and stimulation of P2X(7) receptors on retinal ganglion cells can be lethal
207 3cr1-deficient MPs express increased surface P2X7 receptor (P2RX7), which stimulates IL-1beta maturat
214 the pore of the monovalent cation-selective P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expands to accommodate large molec
215 Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for ATP alkalinizes lysosomes in c
217 nine (Arg, R) at codon 460 of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has repeatedly been associated wit
226 previously that activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) triggers sAPPalpha shedding from n
227 ctive pores similar to those elicited by the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated cation channel expre
229 ling purinergic receptors, predominantly the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), via an ATP analog initiate innate
232 enin release (>/=2-fold), whereas purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) blockade with A740003 (3 microM)
235 gh the inhibition of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, and a
240 o ethidium (Etd(+)) and Ca(2+) by activating P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) that open pannexin hemichannels
241 tracellular ATP binds to and signals through P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) to modulate immune function in b
242 we found that infection with H37Ra inhibits P2X7 receptor (P2XR) signals and that CsA restores P2XR
246 sion of the death signal requires functional P2X7 receptors, pointing to a role for these receptors i
247 eveal cholesterol as a negative regulator of P2X7 receptor pore formation, protecting cells from P2X7
248 lent cations with ectodomain residues of the P2X(7) receptor, primarily involving combined interactio
252 e results demonstrate that the ATP-sensitive P2X(7) receptor regulates fluid secretion in the mouse s
254 -1 hemichannels to the immune synapse, while P2X7 receptors remain uniformly distributed on the cell
256 tly, we identified a novel pathway involving P2X7 receptor scavenger function expressed on ocular imm
264 bution of P2X(1), P2X(2), P2X(3), P2X(4) and P2X(7) receptor subunit immunoreactivity (R-IR) in the d
267 lar amounts of ATP, activation of purinergic P2X7 receptors, sustained rise in intracellular calcium,
268 uncovered a novel site (Y382-384) within the P2X7 receptor that can be targeted to blunt the developm
269 drial ATP production, and stimulate P2X4 and P2X7 receptors that elicit interleukin 2 production and
273 iggers, through activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor, the formation of the inflammasome, a mult
274 m channels is less potent than inhibition of P2X7 receptors, there may be significant inhibition of s
276 of alpha(1D)-AR releases ATP, which induces P2X(7) receptors to increase [Ca(2+)](i) but not to stim
278 ctivates the inflammasome via the purinergic P2X7 receptor to cause inflammation and hyperoxic acute
280 ns circumvent the requirement of ATP and the P2X7 receptor to induce caspase-1 activation via Nlrp3.
281 OD1-G93A mice and SOD1-G93A mice lacking the P2X7 receptor to investigate the effects of both pharmac
283 cells, the activation of M3AChRs stimulates P2X7 receptors to increase [Ca2+]i and protein secretion
284 ing pathways that overlap with those used by P2X7 receptors to increase [Ca2+]i, but they also use si
285 to become self sustaining through action of P2X7 receptors to open pannexin hemichannels and then co
287 strate that ATP signaling through macrophage P2X7 receptors uncouples the thioredoxin (TRX)/TRX reduc
289 Furthermore, alpha(1D)-AR compared with P2X(7) receptors use different cellular mechanisms to in
293 blue G (BBG), best known as an antagonist of P2X7 receptors, was found to inhibit voltage-gated sodiu
298 ly as the channel opened, in contrast to the P2X7 receptor where the NMDG permeability develops over
299 lular ATP with apyrase, by inhibition of the P2X(7) receptor with A438079, zinc, or AZ 10606120, and
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