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   1                                              PNA has a much lower helical twist than RNA and the resu
     2                                              PNA is a promising molecule for antisense therapy of tri
     3                                              PNA may be a better choice in situations where mesenchym
     4                                              PNA probes are an attractive alternative to DNA and RNA 
     5                                              PNA retains its overall conformation while locally there
     6                                              PNA-binding proteins may also participate in the pattern
     7                                              PNAs are used as exceedingly selective chemical tools th
     8 o an antiparallel RNA/PNA complex and from a PNA/PNA complex to two DNA/PNA complexes (i.e., double-d
     9 nyl], were synthesized and incorporated to a PNA strand, and their applicability for the monitoring o
    10  RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) using a PNA that was covalently conjugated to five different CPP
    11 t is positively charged, pinacyanol acetate (PNA), for the determination of orthogonal sets of RDCs i
  
    13 l C(gamma)-substituted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogues have been synthesized in the form of gamm
    14 eplacement of dsDNA by peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and the in situ growth of electroactive polymers th
  
  
    17 ere we demonstrate how peptide nucleic acid (PNA) can be used to control the assembly of cytochrome c
    18 ed with charge neutral peptide nucleic acid (PNA) capture probes (CPs) is first hybridized to a targe
    19 nd "reporter and miRNA-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) hybrid", which yields two significantly different o
  
  
  
  
    24 omplementing (CCCTAA)3 peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe coupled with cardiac-specific antibody staini
    25  functionalized with a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe specific for a gene tract of the genetically 
  
    27     Briefly, thiolated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were firstly immobilized onto gold electrode
  
  
    30 ased on combination of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) technology, rolling circle amplification (RCA) and 
  
    32 y, mercapto-terminated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was firstly immobilized onto gold electrode and use
    33 eptide conjugated to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was shown to silence luciferase in colon adenocarci
    34    The modification of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) with unnatural nucleobases enables the formation of
    35 d to a short strand of peptide nucleic acid (PNA), synthetic polymers that use the same bases as DNA 
    36 ilding block for a new peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which exhibits excellent DNA binding affinity with
    37 exible, self-assembled peptide nucleic acid (PNA).DNA complexes uncovered a well-defined and, surpris
    38 ible new approach for using 3D nucleic acid (PNA-DNA) nanostructures to control the assembly of funct
    39 imprinted polymers and Peptide nucleic acid (PNAs) were developed as an attractive receptor with appl
    40 e neutral backbone of peptide nucleic acids (PNA), our method is based on the design of low electroph
    41 ch applications using peptide nucleic acids (PNA), we herein report the chemical synthesis of fluorin
    42  study, we describe a peptide nucleic acids (PNA)-based approach to block the ability of HOTAIR to in
    43 grafted with multiple peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are crosslinked upon addition of the linker DNA.  
  
    45 f chemically modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as probes for qualitative and quantitative detecti
  
  
    48  that triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) substituted at the gamma position plus stimulation
    49 markable stability of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) towards enzymatic degradation makes this class of 
    50 ing oligonucleotides, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), minor groove binding polyamides, and--more recent
    51 plore the assembly of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), which are short DNA mimics that have an amide bac
    52 of mRNA for peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) backbone proteins as well as enhanced expression o
  
  
    55 PNAs as compared to 2-aminoethylglycyl (aeg)-PNA is better with complementary DNA (PNA:DNA) than with
    56 how that the CT rate constant through an aeg-PNA bridging unit is twice the CT rate constant through 
    57 f 10 base pair long homoduplexes of DNA, aeg-PNA, gamma-PNA, and a heteroduplex of DNA/aeg-PNA with i
    58 NA, gamma-PNA, and a heteroduplex of DNA/aeg-PNA with identical nucleobase sequence were measured.   
  
  
    61 (RCA), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA), Maackia amurensis lectin II (MALII), and Ulex euro
    62  and found that UEA-I and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) have a specific affinity for acinar cells in the mo
  
    64 ffect of beta-Lact toward peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin strongly binding multivalent lactosides b
  
    66 sitive cells, we show that clusters of AID(+)PNA(+)GL7(+) Ag-specific GC B cells form within the B ce
  
  
  
    70 and stereo-preferred manner with gamma(S)-am PNA superior to alpha(R/S)-am PNAs and alpha(R)-am PNA b
    71 th gamma(S)-am PNA superior to alpha(R/S)-am PNAs and alpha(R)-am PNA better than the alpha(S) isomer
  
  
  
  
    76 ng the doping of N-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine (PNA) or its derivatives into a crystalline 4,4'-dibromob
  
  
  
    80 anced thermodynamic stability of PNA:DNA and PNA:RNA duplexes compared with DNA:DNA and DNA:RNA duple
  
  
    83 f persistent synaptic plasticity, PA-LTF and PNA-LTF, expressed at the same synapse become labile whe
  
  
  
    87 ecules, a peptide nucleic acid-antennapedia (PNA-Antp), and a TFO (AG30), as well as two lines of tra
    88     Furthermore, treatment with MECA-79 anti-PNAd mAb in vivo effectively blocks lymphocyte homing to
    89 opropylglycine (apg) backbone (gamma-CF2-apg PNA) have been synthesized and evaluated for biophysical
    90 igher compared to that of nonfluorinated apg PNA, with NIH 3T3 cells showing better permeability comp
    91 ular uptake of the fluorinated gamma-CF2-apg PNAs in NIH 3T3 and HeLa cells was 2-3-fold higher compa
    92 tituted methylene (azm)/butylene (azb) azido PNAs show that these analogues enhance the stability of 
    93     Using iodoacetate as the warhead, 8-base PNA strands, biotin, and streptavidin-coated magnetic be
  
    95 (aminoethoxy)phenyl]pyrrolocytosine (BoPhpC)-PNA, we explored the subcellular localization of PNA ant
    96    Due to the strand replacement of dsDNA by PNA, dsDNA can be directly detected without sequence-pre
    97 e and the somites that is normally formed by PNA-binding proteins that block entry to medial pathways
  
  
   100  useful to design new biofunctional cationic PNA analogues that not only bind RNA better but also sho
   101 embrane in 3T3 and MCF-7 cells, and cationic PNAs were found to be accumulated in the vicinity of the
   102 (DeltaTm) of duplexes from modified cationic PNAs as compared to 2-aminoethylglycyl (aeg)-PNA is bett
   103 The differential binding avidity of cationic PNAs was assessed by the displacement of DNA duplex inte
  
   105 is trend is reversed, and negatively charged PNA shows higher affinity for DNA and RNA than does posi
  
   107  low salt concentrations, positively charged PNA binds more strongly to DNA and RNA than does negativ
  
   109 he target NAs hybridize to the complementary PNA-beads, the beads acquire negative charge and become 
  
   111 w that anti-miR activity of a Cys-containing PNA is achieved by cell uptake through both clathrin-dep
   112 escales and may help researchers de-convolve PNA pattern variation from other factors reflected in pa
   113 shed transfection activity, and the free CPP-PNA was recovered after reduction of the azobenzene bond
   114  monomers and biophysical studies of derived PNA oligomers containing fluorine in in the acetyl side 
  
   116 es a foundation for improving and developing PNAs conjugated to CPPs to better target intracellular p
   117     The X-ray crystal structure of the GC di-PNA showed the occurrence of both stacking interactions 
   118     All 16 combinations of the very short di-PNA building blocks were synthesized and assayed for the
  
   120 bserved by electron microscopy, and these di-PNAs efficiently assembled into discrete architectures w
  
  
   123 verage rationally designed nucleic acid (DNA-PNA) nanoscaffolds to guide polypeptide engineering.    
   124 le-stranded overhang, and studied A-form DNA-PNA duplexes to provide additional support for the propo
   125      Biophysical characterization of the DNA-PNA-peptide complex was performed using gel electrophore
   126 ata were used to generate a model of the DNA-PNA-protein complexes that show the negatively charged a
  
   128 ring of interconversions from a parallel DNA/PNA complex to an antiparallel RNA/PNA complex and from 
  
   130 spondences between networks (obtained during PNA or MNA) are not lost as new networks are added.     
  
  
  
   134 ort the development of chemically engineered PNAs for the quantitative detection of HIV RNA at clinic
   135 plication for determining MNAs from existing PNAs that addresses all the aforementioned challenges.  
   136 rm of nonassociative long-term facilitation (PNA-LTF) of the sensorimotor synapses in Aplysia califor
  
  
   139 pens up a stem-loop template DNA with the Fc-PNA hybridized to its extruded 5' end and allows a DNA p
  
  
  
   143 report the chemical synthesis of fluorinated PNA monomers and biophysical studies of derived PNA olig
   144 LC show higher hydrophobicity of fluorinated PNA oligomers, dependent on the number and site of the f
  
   146 terminus, it is evident that the fluorinated PNAs have potential to emerge as a new class of PNA anal
  
   148 ficantly enhanced for prometryn, but not for PNA and TBT, confirming site-specific effects on local p
  
   150  complementary double-strand plasmid to form PNA/ds-Pl triplex structure is the principle of target p
  
  
  
  
  
   156 plementary gamma-peptide nucleic acid (gamma-PNA) probes conjugated to polystyrene beads have been re
   157 air long homoduplexes of DNA, aeg-PNA, gamma-PNA, and a heteroduplex of DNA/aeg-PNA with identical nu
   158     The live cell imaging of amino/guanidino PNAs demonstrated their ability to penetrate the cell me
  
   160 of cationic functional group, with guanidino PNAs being better than the amino PNAs in both cell lines
   161     The uptake of fluorinated homooligomeric PNAs by HeLa cells was as facile as that of nonfluorinat
  
   163 eic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) probes, P-Ca726 (targeting a novel region of t
   164  molecules were introduced to the hybridized PNA/DNA heteroduplexes by employing phosphate-zirconium-
   165  the free phosphate groups of the hybridized PNA/DNA heteroduplexes merely through one-step conjugati
   166 ated by EDC and imidazole, of the hybridized PNA/DNA heteroduplexes, and then they were exploited as 
   167 lectins, including WGA, Con A, UEA-I, GS-II, PNA and SBA, were monitored in real time and without lab
  
   169 w insight into the role of electrostatics in PNA binding, and demonstrates that introduction of negat
  
  
  
  
   174  investigate the role of charge repulsion in PNA binding by synthesizing PNA strands having negativel
   175 a role for S. aureus alpha-hemolysin-induced PNA formation in alveolar capillary destruction in hemor
   176 s mechanism; rather, alpha-hemolysin-induced PNA formation was solely platelet P-selectin dependent. 
  
   178      We were also able to use our iodoacetyl-PNA:PNA-biotin probe for retrieval and identification of
  
  
   181  self-assembly of cysteine conjugated 20-mer PNA oligomer probe, complementary to the HCV core/E1 reg
  
  
   184 (pH approximately 6) tumor microenvironment, PNAs were conjugated to pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP)
   185 n the design of low electrophoretic mobility PNA probes, which do not focus under isotachophoresis (I
  
  
   188 antitative properties of chemically modified PNA for nucleic acid detection and provides a platform f
  
  
  
   192    An applied electric field guides these NA-PNA-beads toward the pipet tip, which they obstruct, lea
   193 butyltin (TBT) and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (PNA) were quantified in short-term toxicity tests and ex
   194 t midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate
  
  
   197 icant practical and diagnostic advantages of PNA probes over their DNA counterparts for FISH and indi
   198 e advantage of both the inherent benefits of PNA and the multitude of charge-based delivery technolog
   199 s have potential to emerge as a new class of PNA analogues for applications in functional inhibition 
  
   201  leads to the formation of a high density of PNA/DNA heteroduplexes on the electrode surface for the 
   202 novel role for B cells in the development of PNA and provide evidence that long-lived anti-peanut IgE
   203  is anticipated to enable the development of PNA therapeutics that take advantage of both the inheren
  
   205  we report on DNA-templated cross-linking of PNA probes as a way to preserve genetic information for 
   206  we explored the subcellular localization of PNA anti-miRs and our data suggest that anti-miR targeti
   207 Holocene, provide evidence for modulation of PNA over multiple timescales and may help researchers de
   208    These findings suggest the persistence of PNA-like climate variability throughout the mid- and lat
  
   210      The enhanced thermodynamic stability of PNA:DNA and PNA:RNA duplexes compared with DNA:DNA and D
   211  antibody does not result in the transfer of PNA in NA recipients, demonstrating that anti-CD20 antib
  
  
   214  findings are valuable for further design of PNAs and other oligonucleotides as potent anti-miR agent
  
  
   217  sensitive label-free DNA biosensor based on PNA probes immobilized on a gold electrode was used to d
   218     In conjunction with our previous work on PNAs fluorinated in backbone and at N-terminus, it is ev
   219 vides a platform for studying and optimizing PNA probes prior to incorporation into new technological
  
   221 lated to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment re
   222 lation (AO), Pacific-North American Pattern (PNA), North Pacific Index (NPI), El Nino-Southern Oscill
  
   224 esistant ovarian tumor xenografts with pHLIP-PNA constructs suppressed HOTAIR activity, reduced tumor
   225 addition, we present the preparation of poly-PNA nanoparticles from amphiphilic block copolymers and 
   226 tion of PNA-norbornyl monomers to yield poly-PNA (poly(peptide nucleic acid)) via ring-opening metath
   227 fy mean states of more negative and positive PNA-like climate during the mid- and late Holocene, resp
   228 250-1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abando
   229 n accelerating tendency towards the positive PNA state since the mid-1850s, but much less is known ab
  
  
   232 mensional plasmonic nanostructure array (Q3D-PNA) to enable an exceptionally sensitive and reproducib
   233 he crystal structures of fluorinated racemic PNA monomers reveal interesting base pairing of enantiom
  
  
  
   237 uced into a surface PNA probe and a reporter PNA probe to achieve quantitative detection for HIV RNA 
  
  
   240 uplex and the PNA-RNA heteroduplexes reveals PNA's intrinsic structural properties, shedding light on
  
  
   243 allel DNA/PNA complex to an antiparallel RNA/PNA complex and from a PNA/PNA complex to two DNA/PNA co
  
   245  from hyposialylated glycans, used WGA, SNA, PNA, Jacalin, HPA, and VVA, indicating glomerular hyposi
   246 r the EIS assay, we used a bla(NDM)-specific PNA probe that was designed by applying a new approach t
   247 e that a 9-mer PNA forms a sequence-specific PNA-RNA triplex with a dissociation constant of less tha
  
  
   250 ere systematically introduced into a surface PNA probe and a reporter PNA probe to achieve quantitati
  
   252 rge repulsion in PNA binding by synthesizing PNA strands having negatively or positively charged side
  
  
   255  PNA:RNA duplexes have higher stability than PNA:DNA duplexes, and the guanidino PNAs are superior to
  
   257 id hormone receptor expression revealed that PNA mice had 59% fewer progesterone receptor-expressing 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   264   A comparison of the PNA homoduplex and the PNA-RNA heteroduplexes reveals PNA's intrinsic structura
  
  
   267 luorescence and yellowish-green RTP from the PNA-doped DBBP crystals was also confirmed by Commission
  
  
   270  the hydrophilic tetrahydrofuran ring in the PNA structure reduces nonspecific interactions and self-
   271 rged side chains to be incorporated into the PNA backbone without reducing duplex stability with DNA 
  
  
  
   275 h the hybridization quality and yield of the PNA probes were higher than those of the DNA probes.    
  
  
   278 ytes, and, after intradermal delivery of the PNA-Antp, chromosomally modified, keratin 5-positive bas
  
  
  
   282 nique (19)F resonance shifts in NMR when the PNA was targeted to a complementary antiparallel DNA, an
  
  
  
  
   287 e chains is not significantly detrimental to PNA binding affinity at physiological ionic strength.   
  
   289 intrinsic fluorescence, thiazole orange (TO)-PNA and [bis-o-(aminoethoxy)phenyl]pyrrolocytosine (BoPh
   290 is induced as the driving force to transport PNA-beads harboring target miRs to the tip of the pore (
  
  
  
  
   295 vity was facilitated by the use of uncharged PNA probes and large 16S rRNA target and investigations 
   296 lectrostatic repulsion between the uncharged PNA backbone and negatively charged DNA or RNA backbone.
   297 curacy for anthrax DNA can be achieved using PNA probes with suitable chemical components designed in
  
  
   300 ng ovarian and breast cancer cell lines with PNAs decreased invasion and increased chemotherapy sensi
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