ライフサイエンスコーパス: PPi

1 PPi is a linear uncompetitive inhibitor, suggesting that

2 PPi levels in the perfusates both in the liver and kidne

3 PPi triggers a series of reactions resulting in producti

4 PPi-mediated excision produces AZT-5'-triphosphate (AZTT

5 inding dicarboxylates and pyrophosphate (H(2)PPi(2-)).

6 ristolochene synthase complexed with Mg(2+)3-PPi and ammonium or iminium analogues of bicyclic carboc

7 tics parameters for tryptophan-dependent (32)PPi exchange, specificity for tryptophan versus tyrosine

8 rcoal powder to separate it from excess [32P]PPi and then measuring [32P]ATP in a scintillation count

9 method follows the initial velocity of [32P]PPi incorporation into ATP by capturing the nucleotide o

10 ection of the enamel rods, were exposed to a PPi-stabilized supersaturated calcium phosphate (CaP) so

11 The proposed method using a PPi substrate may hold a potential application in diagno

12 phosphate + Pi [Formula: see text] acetate + PPi).

13 Additional PPi in the CCs promotes sucrose oxidation and ATP synthe

14 tension product is efficiently removed after PPi detection by either a chemical method or photolysis.

15 They also suggest that altered PPi homeostasis contributes to the skeletal dysplasias a

16 vessels in culture, suggesting that altered PPi metabolism could contribute to vascular calcificatio

17 Although PPi release is the rate-determining step, it is not the

18 The detection limit for Zn(2+) and PPi were found to be approximately 56 and 2 ppb, respect

19 disable the complexation between Cu(2+) and PPi, facilitating the formation of fluorescent CuNPs thr

20 feedback loop in the presence of Zn(2+) and PPi.

21 hange activity was inhibited by both AMP and PPi.

22 hieved using the AuNCs@ew-Cu(2+) for ATP and PPi were ~19 and ~5 muM, respectively.

23 isotope exchange between [alpha-32P] ATP and PPi.

24 The patient-derived cns increased ATP- and PPi-mediated AZTMP excision on an RNA template compared

25 catalyzed DNA synthesis and of both ATP- and PPi-mediated AZTMP excision.

26 catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and PPi.

27 zyme capacity was found for fructokinase and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase during cell division a

28 eters governing nucleotide incorporation and PPi release were determined using an RNA template.

29 ansfer of Man-1-P to GTP to form GDP-Man and PPi.

30 corresponding nucleoside monophosphates and PPi and subsequently hydrolyzes the resultant PPi to Pi.

31 on at Pbeta, to yield a nucleotide (NMP) and PPi.

32 phate oxygens of the inserted nucleotide and PPi.

33 ntly, expression of alkaline phosphatase and PPi breakdown, further contributing to PPi accumulation.

34 ontrol pericellular concentrations of Pi and PPi include tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNA

35 inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and PPi-generating nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrol

36 lowed by (2S,5S)-5-carboxymethyl proline and PPi is the last product released based on initial veloci

37 n the copper complex of PDI-HIS receptor and PPi.

38 ion, appears to support matrix synthesis and PPi elaboration and to regulate MV composition and miner

39 rts the model for H(+)-PPases functioning as PPi synthases in the phloem by arguing that the increase

40 promoted increased MV NTPPPH, MV-associated PPi, and extracellular PPi.

41 An ATP-PPi isotope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adeny

42 Both enzymes were functionally active in ATP-PPi exchange and aminoacylation assays, and showed simil

43 -domain) substrate specificity using the ATP/PPi exchange assay.

44 s that measure the rate of ULM-dependent ATP:PPi exchange.

45 KM and kcat values for ATP:PPi exchange and for the aminoacylation reaction carried

46 significantly reduced k(cat) values for ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays, suggesting that the Zn(2+)

47 In this study, using quantitative ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays in combination with site-dir

48 The attacking PPi nucleophile is weakly interacting (r(C-O) = 2.60 A),

49 Because PPi is the major physiological inhibitor of mineralizati

50 's fluorescence; the recovery occurs because PPi complexes with Cu(2+), effectively sequestering the

51 hod relies on the strong interaction between PPi and Cu(2+), which would hamper the effective formati

52 ell-developed ribocations, and weakly bonded PPi nucleophiles.

53 e in response to inflammatory mediators, but PPi production fell, reflecting lower ectonucleotide pyr

54 The ALP-catalyzed PPi hydrolysis would disable the complexation between Cu

55 p of the analogue and the negatively charged PPi anion.

56 lycoprotein 1 (PC-1) to increase chondrocyte PPi generation.

57 amined whether reduced levels of circulating PPi, an antimineralization factor, is the sole mechanism

58 In normal circumstances, PPi is hydrolyzed by the TNAP of MVs' outer membrane yie

59 Cleared PPi was greater than the plasma pool but less than the e

60 deficiency can be prevented by compensating PPi deficits, even partially.

61 s and implements multiple enzymes to convert PPi to ATP that is, in turn, utilized to produce light a

62 ulted in a significant decrease in cytosolic PPi , and short and long-chain polyP levels.

63 first time analyzed the effect of decreased PPi on dental development in individuals with generalize

64 e, it is inhibited by inorganic diphosphate (PPi).

65 to measure the rate constant of diphosphate (PPi) dissociation during the prenyltransferase reaction

66 al studies demonstrate that the diphosphate (PPi) group of FPP resides in a binding pocket made up of

67 lribose 1-diphosphate) to yield diphosphate (PPi) and the nucleotide OMP (orotidine 5'-monophosphate)

68 Preformed E.OMP, E.PRPP, E.PPi, and E.orotate complexes were trapped as products in

69 sphohydrolase (NTPPPH), yielding an elevated PPi concentration.

70 Erythrocyte PPi content decreased 24 +/- 4%, indicating that intrace

71 Neither CILP isoform exhibits PPi-generating NPP activity.

72 Abnormal extracellular PPi (ePPi) metabolism has been implicated in abnormal ca

73 gulates expression of ANKH and extracellular PPi in chondrocyte cells.

74 NTPPPH, MV-associated PPi, and extracellular PPi.

75 a induces elevated chondrocyte extracellular PPi.

76 tant ANK leading to comparable extracellular PPi levels in Ank(+/+) osteoblasts.

77 e ability of IGF-1 to decrease extracellular PPi, an activity specific for the CILP-1 N-terminal doma

78 ess may be caused by decreased extracellular PPi levels and that the incisor phenotype is likely due

79 nction of ANKH causes elevated extracellular PPi levels, predisposing to CPPD crystal deposition.

80 ty and concordant increases in extracellular PPi, which are strongly associated with human aging-asso

81 ein variant promoted increased extracellular PPi in CH-8 cells, but unexpectedly, these ANKH mutants

82 t effects on the expression of extracellular PPi and the chondrocyte hypertrophy marker, type X colla

83 Generation of extracellular PPi was measured.

84 able to increase expression of extracellular PPi, with or without addition of TGFbeta (10 ng/ml) to t

85 isease by divergent effects on extracellular PPi and chondrocyte hypertrophy, which is likely to medi

86 ocks this response and reduces extracellular PPi.

87 e developed and evaluated two algorithms for PPi measurement from luminescence kinetics acquired from

88 hPolbeta) and provide a structural basis for PPi release.

89 The observed rate constant for PPi release is equal to the rate constant of prenylation

90 tion, comparable only with the high K(m) for PPi (165.5 microM) in Tritrichomonas foetus HGXPRTase-ca

91 he mutant displays a 6.7-fold lower K(m) for PPi with a twofold increase in the K(m) for PRPP.

92 isplays an even lower K(m) of 7.9 microM for PPi.

93 r environment via fluorescence "turn-on" for PPi detection.

94 a sensitive and selective turn-on sensor for PPi.

95 rophosphorylation occurs with a Kd value for PPi of 3.7 mm and a maximal rate constant of 11 s(-1).

96 Furthermore, PPi is an inhibitor for the Tm-MazG NTPase activity.

97 an ENPP1, an ectonucleotidase that generates PPi from adenosine triphosphate.

98 y = polyP45 approximately = polyP25 > PPPi > PPi), with K(1/2) values ranging from 0.2 to 2.8 mM.

99 , utilized to produce light and to hydrolyze PPi for measurement of the steady state background lumin

100 n endomembranes, and rather than hydrolyzing PPi to create pmf, pmf is utilized to synthesize PPi.

101 from 31P NMR spectroscopy studies identified PPi and Pi as by-products of the EutT reaction.

102 Further attempts to improve PPi binding led to the construction of a T70K/A72G doubl

103 llular proton pump in acidocalcisomes but in PPi synthesis in the chromatophore membranes.

104 educed growth rate as well as a reduction in PPi and short-chain polyP levels.

105 P deficiency a buildup of mineral-inhibiting PPi would be expected at the perimeter of MVs.

106 Pi, suggesting that PPPi is broken down into PPi and Pi.

107 g time-dependent fluorescence intensity into PPi (substrate) concentration, thus allowing calculation

108 ene mutation results in higher intracellular PPi concentration and lower extracellular concentration.

109 xpression caused elevations in intracellular PPi, the major effects of PC-1 and B10 were exerted in d

110 Interestingly, detection of intracellular PPi ions in model human cells could also be possible by

111 nd B10 increased the levels of intracellular PPi, but PC-1 and B10 appeared to act principally in dif

112 sed 24 +/- 4%, indicating that intracellular PPi is removed as well.

113 Pyrophosphate ion (PPi) release during transcription elongation is a signat

114 hat the factor that normally prevents PXE is PPi, which is provided to the circulation in the form of

115 inds to the TyrRS.l-Tyr-AMP intermediate (K (PPi)(d) = 0.043 for TyrRS.d-Tyr-AMP.PP(i)).

116 Since ANK is a known PPi transporter, we examined other regulators of Pi/PPi

117 with antimycin or oligomycin contained less PPi and precipitated >50% more 45Ca.

118 e known role mineralization inhibitors, like PPi, play in the regulation of mineralized tissue format

119 ining a single type of polypeptide and links PPi hydrolysis to proton translocation.

120 in the Abcc6(-/-) rats leading to a lowered PPi/inorganic phosphate plasma ratio.

121 In the absence of LRAP, PPi inhibition was reversed by the presence of etched en

122 ulose acetate dialyzer was 36%, and the mean PPi removal in five patients was 43 +/- 5 micromol, cons

123 ociated with the growing DNA strands and Mg2 PPi crystals during the rolling circle process, ultimate

124 nteractions among the activator (AMP or Mg2+.PPi), the enzyme, and GTP), to affect the energetic coup

125 In contrast, during misincorporation, PPi release became extremely slow, which we estimated to

126 ) = 4.8 microM, K(iq(APS)) = 18 nM, and K(mP(PPi)) = 34.6 microM.

127 gether with the crystal structure of the NMN.PPi.Mg2.enzyme complex, the reaction coordinate is defin

128 efficacy of bisphosphonates, nonhydrolyzable PPi analogs, in preventing ectopic mineralization in the

129 cipation of the PPi nucleophiles gives C1'-O(PPi) bond distances of approximately 2.3 A.

130 e bound to the active site in the absence of PPi, suggests that nucleotide binding stimulates PPi dis

131 inc complex and the complex upon addition of PPi have been demonstrated through atomic force microsco

132 in, we determined that the administration of PPi and the bisphosphonate etidronate to Abcc6(-/-) mice

133 atophore membranes as well as the amounts of PPi and polyP increased when bacteria were grown in the

134 , we show that non-hydrolyzable analogues of PPi, bisphosphonates, are potent inhibitors of T. cruzi

135 In vitro clearance of PPi by a 2.1-m2 cellulose acetate dialyzer was 36%, and

136 nts, plasma levels and dialytic clearance of PPi were measured in stable hemodialysis patients.

137 al is generated upon enzymatic conversion of PPi to ATP and ATP levels subsequently detected with fir

138 d the practical utility for the detection of PPi anions by "off-on" response rapidly in a label free

139 ue platform for the fluorogenic detection of PPi having a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.60x1

140 GO proved very valuable for the detection of PPi in unprecedented sensitivity over other competing io

141 The intracellular detection of PPi using PCG also carried out in B16F10 cells where >10

142 reasing intracellular ATP and elaboration of PPi, a critical inhibitor of hydroxyapatite deposition.

143 r or plasmid transfection, and expression of PPi was assessed in cultured articular chondrocytes and

144 The generation of PPi is catalyzed by nucleotide extension and excision ac

145 o arise from the ALP catalyzed hydrolysis of PPi to phosphate (Pi).

146 unique proton pump couples the hydrolysis of PPi to proton translocation across the membrane.

147 x found by NMR, but it decreased the K(I) of PPi 12-fold, suggesting direct coordination of the PPi p

148 ve, as yet unknown mechanism, independent of PPi, by which ABCC6 prevents ectopic mineralization unde

149 We also found that daily injection of PPi to Abcc6(-/-) mice over several months prevented the

150 obvious benefit to HIV using ATP instead of PPi as the excision substrate.

151 Plasma levels of PPi and the degree of ectopic mineralization were determ

152 sition is associated with elevated levels of PPi in joints.

153 The proposed method of PPi sensing offers interesting application potential in

154 f PPi detection is about 7 pg/ml or 15 pM of PPi in ATP-contaminated samples.

155 the side chain in S2, but in the presence of PPi and Mg(2+), the quinuclidine's cationic center inter

156 Interestingly, the principle of PPi estimation in PCR rendered rapid estimation of bacte

157 rated recently that endogenous production of PPi prevents calcification of rat aorta that are culture

158 Our studies show that the products of PPi- and ATP-mediated excision of chain-terminating AZTM

159 d (250 versus 24 s(-1)), whereas the rate of PPi release decreased to approximately 58 s(-1) so that

160 ophosphate (PPi) transporter or regulator of PPi transport.

161 ing followed by cysteine binding, release of PPi, binding of GlcN-Ins, followed by the release of Cys

162 ed during the experiment; the sensitivity of PPi detection is about 7 pg/ml or 15 pM of PPi in ATP-co

163 smembrane protein necessary for transport of PPi out of cells.

164 redispose to chondrocalcinosis by effects on PPi transport, but may also influence chondrocyte matura

165 ing through each pathway depends strongly on PPi concentration, with ligand binding redistributing th

166 alyze the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate Pi, driving biosynthetic rea

167 nsporter, we examined other regulators of Pi/PPi homeostasis Enpp1 and Tnap.

168 not sufficient to convert this enzyme to Pi/PPi utilization.

169 s substrates, and enzymatic activity with Pi/PPi was negatively impacted.

170 strated in Abcc6(-/-) mice, which had plasma PPi levels <40% of those found in WT mice.

171 , resulting in only a 27% increase in plasma PPi levels, led to a major reduction in acute and chroni

172 were still evident despite increased plasma PPi levels.

173 n ENPP1 in Enpp1(asj) mice normalized plasma PPi levels to that of wild-type mice and, consequently,

174 Approximately 30% of plasma PPi was protein bound, and this was not altered in dialy

175 e of hepatic ABCC6 in contributing to plasma PPi levels, identifying liver as a target of molecular c

176 Plasma [PPi] decreased 32 +/- 5% after standard hemodialysis in

177 Plasma [PPi] in dialysis patients was correlated with plasma [PO

178 Predialysis plasma [PPi] was 2.26 +/- 0.19 microM in 38 clinically stable he

179 It is concluded that plasma [PPi] is reduced in hemodialysis patients and that PPi is

180 It has about 20 pM PPi detection sensitivity and may be the better choice f

181 ction to the unusual loop structure for poor PPi binding in the reverse reaction.

182 could be used as an analytical tool to probe PPi generation in a prototype polymerase chain reaction

183 propose that the dissociation of the product PPi after nucleotide addition produces the protein confo

184 of either the incoming NTP or by the product PPi.

185 wth and matrix repair and indirectly promote PPi supersaturation in aging and OA cartilage.

186 nt increase in expression of genes promoting PPi synthesis and extracellular transport, namely Enpp1

187 ue Lys472 that swings its side chain to pull PPi out.

188 Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a known inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation an

189 e natural substrates, NMN and pyrophosphate (PPi), the intrinsic KIEs of [1'-(14)C], [1-(15)N], [1'-(

190 bean (Vigna radiata L.), and pyrophosphate (PPi)- or ATP-dependent acidification was monitored using

191 that decomposes into cAMP and pyrophosphate (PPi).

192 inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pyrophosphate (PPi).

193 ine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and pyrophosphate (PPi).

194 ith Ufm1 and ATP, and its ATP-pyrophosphate (PPi) exchange activity was inhibited by both AMP and PPi

195 at Ras was capable of binding pyrophosphate (PPi) with a dissociation constant of 26 microM and that

196 Both pyrophosphate (PPi) and ATP act as excision substrates in vitro, but th

197 pper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by pyrophosphate (PPi), a novel label-free turn-on fluorescent strategy to

198 e locked-open time induced by pyrophosphate (PPi), which reflects the stability of the full NBD dimer

199 factors, can hydrolyse either pyrophosphate (PPi ) or polyphosphate (polyP).

200 processive primer extension, pyrophosphate (PPi) release was rate-limiting so that the average rate

201 to an unusually high K(m) for pyrophosphate (PPi) (323.9 microM) in the reverse reaction, comparable

202 ocumented role in hydrolyzing pyrophosphate (PPi) and capturing the released energy to pump H(+) acro

203 and in case of incorporation, pyrophosphate (PPi) is released.

204 cess of the mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi) in the extracellular fluid around MVs.

205 ATP synthesis, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) generation, and the mineralizing potential of relea

206 for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-contaminated sam

207 t and metabolism of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in control of mineralization, and as the likely exp

208 Plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) level was reduced (<30%) in the Abcc6(-/-) rats lea

209 ntly reduced plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels underlie PXE.

210 g in reduced plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels.

211 Elevated cartilage inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and PPi-generating nucleoside triphospha

212 anced extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) that promotes the deposition of calcium pyrophospha

213 combines the use of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to control the onset and rate of enamel regeneratio

214 ative transmembrane inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transport channel.

215 tein that regulates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transport, are linked to autosomal-dominant familia

216 s to function as an inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter or regulator of PPi transport.

217 monophosphates and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a strong inhibitor of mineralization that plays a

218 In the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), the elongation complex catalyzes the reverse pyrop

219 zymatic end product inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which stimulate chondrocalcinosis.

220 ree Mg(2+) ions and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

221 in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

222 n the production of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

223 ntrations of plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

224 ich is rapidly converted into pyrophosphate (PPi), a major calcification inhibitor.

225 ignificantly higher levels of pyrophosphate (PPi ) and short-chain polyphosphate (polyP), suggesting

226 possesses cellular levels of pyrophosphate (PPi ) at least 10 times higher than those of ATP and mol

227 r highly selective sensing of pyrophosphate (PPi) anion in physiological medium.

228 te probe for the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in physiological conditions and in in vitro live me

229 s, providing the first use of pyrophosphate (PPi) in solving an enzymatic transition state.

230 Addition of pyrophosphate (PPi) into the weakly fluorescent solution of PPECO2 and

231 nerate high concentrations of pyrophosphate (PPi) is described.

232 Using the binding of pyrophosphate (PPi) to Bacillus subtilis RNase P protein as a model, we

233 s thought that the release of pyrophosphate (PPi) triggers reverse conformational changes in a polyme

234 raphysiologic accumulation of pyrophosphate (PPi), a strong inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation, an

235 ducing free phosphate (Pi) or pyrophosphate (PPi) and promoting matrix mineralization.

236 lex that includes the product pyrophosphate (PPi) are described here.

237 ith DNA templates showed that pyrophosphate (PPi) dissociation was fast after nucleotide incorporatio

238 sequence DNA by detecting the pyrophosphate (PPi) group that is generated when a nucleotide is incorp

239 2)) deletion in exon 9 of the pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter ANK leads to CMD-like features in an An

240 Among them, pyrophosphate (PPi) and polytriphosphate (PPPi) were found to support a

241 lytica ACK (EhACK) which uses pyrophosphate (PPi)/inorganic phosphate (Pi) (acetyl phosphate + Pi [Fo

242 zation of the H(+)-PPase with pyrophosphate (PPi) and short and long chain polyphosphates (polyPs) bu

243 e more likely to form in a milieu of reduced PPi concentration.

244 The sensitivity of cementum to reduced PPi levels in both human and mouse teeth establishes thi

245 otase-alpha enzyme therapy aimed at reducing PPi concentration.

246 Pi and subsequently hydrolyzes the resultant PPi to Pi.

247 imino) methyl)-4 methyl phenol]) could sense PPi anion through "turn-on" colorimetric and fluorimetri

248 1.2Zn can selectively and specifically sense PPi among all the other biologically important anions in

249 vice application was demonstrated by sensing PPi in paper strips coated with L.

250 s applications that require high-sensitivity PPi detection in ATP-contaminated samples.

251 n events were limited by the relatively slow PPi release step.

252 The accompanying paper shows that slow PPi release allows polymerization and RNase H to occur a

253 ates of discrimination by including the slow PPi release step.

254 suggests that nucleotide binding stimulates PPi dissociation and occurs before polymerase translocat

255 The attachment of such PPi-generating dendritic DNA platforms to ligands that m

256 to create pmf, pmf is utilized to synthesize PPi.

257 dissociation constant of 26 microM and that PPi and GMP, but neither alone, synergistically potentia

258 is reduced in hemodialysis patients and that PPi is cleared by dialysis.

259 Our work indicates that PPi substitution represents a promising strategy to trea

260 decreased to approximately 58 s(-1) so that PPi release became the rate-limiting step.

261 These results suggest that PPi is the major mediator of ectopic mineralization in P

262 sistence in tissues of mice, suggesting that PPi and polyP are essential for the parasite to resist t

263 The PPi assay is primarily developed for RNA expression anal

264 In this assay, the PPi group produced in the prenyltransferase reaction is

265 rs to be a universal module that assists the PPi release even in multi-subunit RNAPs with charge faci

266 We found that both the PPi-induced locked-open time and the ATP/P-ATP ligand ex

267 /-) rats were significantly reduced, but the PPi levels in the liver perfusates of wild-type rats wer

268 e PPi release in T7 RNAP is initiated by the PPi dissociation from two catalytic aspartic acids, foll

269 Finally, the PPi- or ATP-dependent H(+) accumulation determined exper

270 We have thus tentatively identified the PPi-binding loop in G. lamblia GPRTase, and attributed t

271 The unique selectivity of the PPi by the L1-Zn ensemble could be used as an analytical

272 After detection of the PPi for sequence determination, the 3'-OH of the primer

273 nine stabilizes the deprotonated form of the PPi leaving group.

274 king them highly sensitive regulators of the PPi level in response to the changes in cell energy stat

275 from this first mutagenic exploration of the PPi motif in any adenylyltransferase is that the residue

276 Weak participation of the PPi nucleophiles gives C1'-O(PPi) bond distances of appr

277 -fold, suggesting direct coordination of the PPi product by the enzyme-bound divalent cation.

278 ere we investigated detailed dynamics of the PPi release process in a single-subunit RNA polymerase (

279 ined a jump-from-cavity kinetic model of the PPi release utilizing extensive nanosecond MD simulation

280 We found that the PPi release in T7 RNAP is initiated by the PPi dissociat

281 We also noticed that the PPi release is not tightly coupled to opening motions of

282 with C1'-anomeric migration from NAM to the PPi.

283 nd that it exhibits weak binding affinity to PPi relative to NTP, suggesting a mechanism in which PPi

284 s three cns showed a higher ratio of ATP- to PPi-mediated excision, indicating that some cn mutations

285 he reaction, the cleavage of the P-O bond to PPi, corresponds to the highest point on the free energy

286 e and PPi breakdown, further contributing to PPi accumulation.

287 the relative contribution of these organs to PPi levels in circulation.

288 everse conformational changes occur prior to PPi release.

289 ing growth factor beta, a potent stimulus to PPi production.

290 ates the extent of fluorescence recovery to [PPi], making the PPECO2-Cu(2+) system a sensitive and se

291 The motif appears to be unique to the N-type PPi synthetase family, and mutations in it are linked, i

292 the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using PPi as the substrate is developed.

293 Thus early cancer detection via PPi recognition in physiological conditions and in live

294 st to MSCs treated with dexamethasone, where PPi levels did not fall and mineralization was fuelled b

295 For determining whether PPi metabolism is altered in hemodialysis patients, plas

296 tive to NTP, suggesting a mechanism in which PPi is rapidly released after each nucleotide addition a

297 reaction at a maximum rate of 0.8 s(-1) with PPi Kd of 1.2 mM.

298 reveal hPolbeta in an open conformation with PPi bound in the active site, thereby strongly suggestin

299 rted to chromatographically fractionate with PPi-generating nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiester

300 uinuclidine's cationic center interacts with PPi and three Mg(2+), mimicking a transition state invol

301 The assay operates with [PPi] in the micromolar range, and it offers a straightfo