ライフサイエンスコーパス: PVH

1 PVH activation could be expected to stimulate pituitary

2 we reveal this function to be mediated by a PVH(MC4R)-->lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) pathway.

3 hese data in relation to what is known about PVH function and provide the work as a resource for furt

4 ned in vitro to clarify whether NE activates PVH neurons without contribution of inputs from distal r

5 ng fever is site specific, acting at the AH, PVH, SFO and hippocampus, but not the VMH, OVLT and stri

6 decrements in activation patterns across all PVH compartments, clear spatial-temporal differences in

7 al MSG treatment despite substantial Arc and PVH destruction.

8 We show that systemic insulin and 2-DG, and PVH-targeted NE microinjections, rapidly elevated PVH ph

9 he induction of Fos in the NTS, VLM, PB, and PVH, appear to depend on COX-1.

10 pathway is involved in Fln-A regulation and PVH formation.

11 pressure when administered into the RVLM and PVH.

12 n neurons that are both stress sensitive and PVH projecting.

13 ced Arc Nissl and neuropeptide staining, and PVH neuropeptide fiber staining.

14 detail the structure and function of the ARC-PVH circuit in mediating leptin signaling and in regulat

15 tially regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic PVH outputs in response to emotional stress.

16 species we now have a robust model of basic PVH neuroanatomy and function.

17 uired for anorexia after dehydration because PVH CRH mRNA in dehydrated adrenalectomized animals is u

18 e mechanisms by which they are transduced by PVH neurons during glycemic challenge remain unclear.

19 We used laser-capture PVH microdissection followed by microarray analysis to c

20 at reduced neural activity in LMO4-deficient PVH neurons accounts for hyperphagia.

21 Brain slice recording of LMO4-deficient PVH neurons showed reduced basal cellular excitability t

22 MEKK4(-/-) mice developed PVH associated with breaches in the neuroependymal linin

23 re at birth and appear to innervate the DMH, PVH, and LHA in succession, within distinct temporal dom

24 argeted NE microinjections, rapidly elevated PVH phospho-ERK1/2 levels.

25 mportantly, these excitatory MC4R-expressing PVH neurons are synaptically connected to neurons in the

26 rthermore, we found that oxytocin-expressing PVH neurons (OXT(PVH)) are a subset of Nos1(PVH) neurons

27 of the larger population of Sim1-expressing PVH (Sim1(PVH)) neurons.

28 urrent data also suggest that relatively few PVH-projecting neurons in ascending raphe nuclei, nucleu

29 terization in patients with risk factors for PVH.

30 udal forebrain distribution of glutamatergic PVH-projecting neurons.

31 optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic LH --> PVH fibers induced monosynaptic IPSCs in PVH neurons, an

32 This excitatory ARC-->PVH satiety circuit, and its modulation by alpha-MSH, pr

33 Transmission across the ARC(Glutamatergic)-->PVH(MC4R) synapse is potentiated by the ARC(POMC) neuron

34 (NTS) neurons to be mediated by a CCK(NTS)-->PVH pathway that also encodes positive valence.

35 Periventricular heterotopia (PVH) is a congenital malformation of human cerebral cort

36 However, PVH C-Fos induction is in discordance with the abundant

37 vides insight into the pathogenesis of human PVH.

38 Portal vein hypertension (PVH) in liver cirrhosis complicated with portal venous t

39 entiated from pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) by a wedge pressure (PWP)>15 mm Hg in PVH.

40 abel ISHH demonstrated that hypophysiotropic PVH cells coexpress Y1-R and pro-thyrotropin-releasing h

41 Paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neuroendocrin

42 lar nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus (PVH).

43 neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH(MC4R) neurons).

44 ression in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) and a subpopulation of amygdala neurons, using Sim1

45 ossibly in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) and/or amygdala, regulate food intake.

46 in arcuate and paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) by the anorexigenic hormone leptin, and in multiple

47 within the cat paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) during sleep and waking states was measured by quan

48 y circuit with paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) neurons substantially accounted for acute AGRP neur

49 neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), a critical brain region for energy homeostasis.

50 ocusing on the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), a key region responsible for the homeostatic balan

51 neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH).

52 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and that a component of this pathway is angiotensin

53 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) are capable of detection and integration of orexige

54 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) but preserved Crh expression in other brain regions

55 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) by double labeling with markers expressed in viruse

56 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) consists of distinct functional compartments regula

57 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) contains a heterogeneous cluster of Sim1-expressing

58 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) coordinates neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavior

59 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of male rats.

60 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) or spinal cord (T2-T4) and subsequently tested rats

61 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) plays a critical role in the regulation of autonomi

62 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) provoked by moderate doses of interleukin-1 (IL-1).

63 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) regulates pituitary gland function and feeding, and

64 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area (LH/PFA), a

65 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), pancreatic parasympathetic innervation, and impair

66 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), play an essential role in blood pressure (BP) cont

67 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), with fibers and varicosities in close apposition t

68 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

69 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

70 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

71 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

72 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

73 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

74 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

75 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

76 In PVH, NPY and PHA-L double-labeled fibers were found main

77 so determined whether NE activates ERK1/2 in PVH neurons and, if so, by what mechanism.

78 otent anorexigen, decreases AMPK activity in PVH, whereas agouti-related protein, an orexigen, increa

79 for leptin and refeeding effects on AMPK in PVH.

80 promotor-driven GFP expression was found in PVH cells producing thyrotropin-releasing hormone and in

81 (PVH) by a wedge pressure (PWP)>15 mm Hg in PVH.

82 ed robust phospho-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity in PVH (including CRH) neurons, which attenuated markedly i

83 s compartment but increased Fos induction in PVH regions involved in central autonomic control.

84 --> PVH fibers induced monosynaptic IPSCs in PVH neurons, and potently increased feeding, which depen

85 c preautonomic and neuroendocrine neurons in PVH of leptin-deficient mice (Lep(ob)/Lep(ob)) exposed t

86 ivate common response systems represented in PVH, including the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis an

87 the basal forebrain and brainstem, including PVH-projecting regions, and that the PVH is preferential

88 as negatively correlated with stress-induced PVH activation, independent of lesion status.

89 e GABAergic neurons implicated in inhibitory PVH control.

90 re neurons, which monosynaptically innervate PVH neurons projecting to the NTS, rapidly stimulates br

91 nergic involvement was tested by using intra-PVH administration of the axonally transported catechola

92 ablated the Fos response in the ipsilateral PVH but left intact the induction seen in the ipsilatera

93 bearing retrograde tracer deposits to label PVH-autonomic projections confirmed that ventral mPFC le

94 Therefore, at a systems level, local PVH delivery of NE is sufficient to account for hindbrai

95 opula, and that the parvo- and magnocellular PVH neurons may have different roles in mediating erecti

96 g were the supraoptic nucleus, magnocellular PVH, ARH, and suprachiasmatic nucleus.

97 CART neurons in the magnocellular PVH and in the SON coexpress dynorphin (DYN), and CART c

98 Thus, maintaining PVH activity is important to prevent hyperphagia-induced

99 to a subset of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R(PVH)) cells, which are also responsive to CCK.

100 g catecholaminergic projections in mediating PVH responses to IL-1 and LPS.

101 B-responsive cell groups exclude a medullary-PVH circuit implicated in pituitary-adrenal responses to

102 MnPO-PVH cells had an average spontaneous discharge of 2.1+/-

103 Among the remaining 6 MnPO-PVH neurons vagal activation either increased discharge

104 0.01) increased the firing rate of most MnPO-PVH neurons (16/19, 84%).

105 s transmitted by the vagal afferents to MnPO-PVH neurons are not presently known, the presence of inh

106 In summary, most PVH neurons that innervate the RVLM are glutamatergic, a

107 reveal a distinct organization in the mouse PVH that is substantially different from the PVH of male

108 ronal architecture and function of the mouse PVH.

109 ation, though not to the same extent as Nos1(PVH) neurons; their activation fails to alter feeding, h

110 ric oxide synthase-1 (Nos1)-expressing (Nos1(PVH)) neurons of unknown function; these represent a sub

111 To determine the role of Nos1(PVH) neurons in energy balance, we used Cre-dependent vi

112 Moreover, pharmacogenetic activation of Nos1(PVH) neurons suppresses feeding to a similar extent as S

113 PVH neurons (OXT(PVH)) are a subset of Nos1(PVH) neurons.

114 , suggesting a crucial role for non-OXT Nos1(PVH) neurons in feeding regulation.

115 Here we show that Nos1(PVH) neurons project to hindbrain and spinal cord region

116 Thus, Nos1(PVH) neurons promote negative energy balance through cha

117 ding the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei (PVH, ARH).

118 to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) (the initiator of HPA responses to stress) whose en

119 in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) 2 hours after the challenge; activated cells corres

120 in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV).

121 jacent paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) and the SCN.

122 of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) are characteristically activated in different model

123 The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate the brainstem,

124 in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) directly, distributing instead to nearby forebrain

125 ic and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) in dehydrated but not euhydrated animals.

126 The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) is a key site for integrating neuroendocrine, auton

127 The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) receives direct melanocortin input, along with othe

128 to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), and optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic LH --> PV

129 of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), both infected at early survival times, were the ma

130 (AH), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), peri-subfornical organ, subfornical organ (SFO) or

131 of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), which express corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

132 ia the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), which houses both autonomic (sympathoadrenal) and

133 in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH).

134 in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH).

135 of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH).

136 to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH).

137 om the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) (latency: 10.3+/-1.3 ms, threshold: 278+/-25 muA).

138 the neuroendocrine paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and (2) increased CRH and neurotensin mRNAs in the

139 to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) are both components of the CNS outflow circuits to

140 to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) in stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pi

141 de and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) is one major brain site that mediates the orexigeni

142 om the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

143 nd the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), although Fos-immunoreactivity in the nucleus of th

144 ng the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPe),

145 innervation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), and the lateral hyp

146 clei, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), the retrochiasmatic area (RCA), the ventromedial n

147 c sites such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the lateral hypothal

148 nd the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH).

149 acute restraint stress-induced activation of PVH cell groups mediating autonomic and neuroendocrine r

150 induced c-Fos induction in the same group of PVH neurons.

151 ling revealed that approximately one-half of PVH CRH-containing neurons coexpressed 5-HT(2C)R mRNA.

152 owing real-time activation and inhibition of PVH(MC4R) neurons and further identify these cells as a

153 technology, we could suppress food intake of PVH-specific LMO4-deficient mice.

154 genetic manipulation, a comparable level of PVH characterization has not been achieved.

155 mpanied by progressively increased levels of PVH activity.

156 by in situ hybridization in the majority of PVH neurons retrogradely labeled from the ipsilateral RV

157 arget genes) mechanisms in the modulation of PVH, and generalized CNS, responses to categorically dis

158 Thus, the satiating and appetitive nature of PVH(MC4R)-->LPBN neurons supports the principles of driv

159 A expression in the neurosecretory region of PVH, as well as HPA secretory responses.

160 A expression in the neurosecretory region of PVH.

161 ors in the PVH, and with the overall role of PVH neurons in feeding inhibition, suggesting a mechanis

162 -ir in control rats (n=3; 0-3%, depending on PVH region).

163 with CTB were c-Fos-ir (16-40%, depending on PVH region).

164 OXT(PVH) cells project to preganglionic, sympathetic neurons

165 ons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (Oxt(PVH) neurons), which mildly attenuated fluid intake.

166 nd that oxytocin-expressing PVH neurons (OXT(PVH)) are a subset of Nos1(PVH) neurons.

167 feeding and energy expenditure, whereas OXT(PVH) neurons regulate energy expenditure alone, suggesti

168 rya of the supraoptic (SO), paraventricular (PVH) and accessory neurosecretory nuclei and in cell pro

169 ll as the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVH), ventromedial, dorsomedial, and arcuate nuclei of t

170 preoptic, suprachiasmatic, paraventricular (PVH), dorsomedial, ventromedial, arcuate, and mamillary

171 found that CART neurons in the parvicellular PVH, in the DMH and in the posterior Pe coexpress thyrot

172 heteronuclear (hn) RNA in the parvocellular PVH and a more subtle, although reliable, increase in ar

173 ction limited primarily to the parvocellular PVH.

174 ed rats (n=4), numerous VGLUT2 mRNA-positive PVH neurons retrogradely labeled from the ipsilateral RV

175 etrochiasmatic areas, anterior and posterior PVH, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and Barrington's

176 Most (94% +/- 4%) RVLM-projecting PVH neurons activated by water deprivation contained VGL

177 contrast, few glutamatergic, RVLM-projecting PVH neurons were c-Fos-ir in control rats (n=3; 0-3%, de

178 Very few RVLM-projecting PVH neurons were immunoreactive for oxytocin- or vasopre

179 Here we labeled neurons in the rat PVH with an anterograde axonal tracer, Phaseolus vulgari

180 gests that mPFC influences on stress-related PVH outputs are inhibitory, discordant findings have bee

181 holamine, norepinephrine (NE), can reproduce PVH neuroendocrine responses to glycemic challenge.

182 ACE expression was increased in the RVLM, PVH, choroid plexus, median preoptic nucleus, and organo

183 minalis (aBST) that houses stress-sensitive, PVH-projecting, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neu

184 ppresses feeding to a similar extent as Sim1(PVH) neurons, and increases energy expenditure and activ

185 rger population of Sim1-expressing PVH (Sim1(PVH)) neurons.

186 The roles of specific PVH neuronal subtypes in energy balance have yet to be d

187 these transmitter mechanisms in stimulating PVH output neurons.

188 wever, neither corticosterone nor suppressed PVH CRH gene expression is required for anorexia after d

189 We conclude that PVH activity changes with behavioral state in a regional

190 We observed that PVH CRH neurons consistently depolarized in the presence

191 Thus, our results revealed that PVH C-Fos induction by NPY is mediated by an indirect ac

192 The PVH and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray were recipient

193 The PVH contains nitric oxide synthase-1 (Nos1)-expressing (

194 The PVH DSAP injections caused a nearly complete loss of tyr

195 The PVH is an important component in the regulation of prola

196 GABAergic neurons immediately adjoining the PVH, suggesting that the muted response to Glu may be a

197 weaning feeding and NPY hyperphagia, and the PVH as one major downstream site that contributes signif

198 somedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), and the PVH.

199 ive cells in several brain sites such as the PVH and central nucleus of the amygdala.

200 on by Sim1 neurons likely occurs in both the PVH and medial amygdala, in contrast to energy expenditu

201 tomical framework for the integration by the PVH of neuropeptidergic signals from the ARH and the LHA

202 axonal projections, generally exceeding the PVH projection to the rostral C1 region.

203 PVH that is substantially different from the PVH of male rats.

204 melanocortin responsive projection from the PVH to the hindbrain.

205 tivation of a glutamatergic pathway from the PVH to the RVLM.

206 roanatomical tracer cholera toxin-b from the PVH.

207 isruption of GABA-A receptor function in the PVH also reduced postweaning feeding and blunted NPY-ind

208 transcript (CART)-expressing neurons in the PVH and AVPV.

209 ts bearing retrograde tracer deposits in the PVH and killed 2 hours after acute footshock displayed F

210 tion of cellular activation responses in the PVH and most extrahypothalamic regions.

211 esults suggest that NPY/Y1R signaling in the PVH and other forebrain sites is necessary for accumbens

212 but not increased receptor expression in the PVH and RVLM is the mechanism by which Ang II in the bra

213 y all oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons in the PVH and SO were irBC.

214 n-2 mRNA was expressed constitutively in the PVH and was unresponsive to stress.

215 These findings demonstrate that MC4Rs in the PVH and/or the amygdala control food intake but that MC4

216 Y modulation of CRH neuronal function in the PVH appears to be indirect through modulation of neurona

217 Thus, Mc4r in the PVH appears to be required for early-life programming of

218 ced elevations of Fos-ir and CRF mRNA in the PVH but left intact comparable responses to restraint st

219 insufficiency blunted C-Fos induction in the PVH by fasting-induced re-feeding, and insulin and NPY i

220 uroendocrine motor neuron populations in the PVH by synaptic mechanisms and by less traditional mecha

221 and contrast gene expression profiles in the PVH elicited at 1 and 3 hr after acute exposure to repre

222 transgenic technology to restore Mc4r in the PVH of Mc4rKO (Mc4rPVH) mice, we have now shown that the

223 mparable in strength and distribution in the PVH on both sides of the brain.

224 ition, disruption of GABA-A receptors in the PVH reduced feeding.

225 ide direct input into CRH cell bodies in the PVH region.

226 asis for the adipostat within neurons in the PVH that appear to be jointly regulated by NPY- and mela

227 the ability of NPY on C-Fos induction in the PVH was blunted in conditions of insulin deficiency and

228 The abundant expression of 5-HT(2C)Rs in the PVH was confirmed with in situ hybridization histochemis

229 , NPY produced normal C-Fos induction in the PVH with disruption of GABA-A receptors.

230 re consistently identified as present in the PVH, and of these, the 5-HT(2C)R was expressed at a subs

231 hibitory Gi protein coupled receptors in the PVH, and with the overall role of PVH neurons in feeding

232 n was profoundly reduced or abolished in the PVH, but not in the adrenal medulla.

233 the ability of leptin to activate Fos in the PVH, DMH, and LHA appears to be age-dependent and correl

234 staining was found in CRH cell bodies in the PVH, even though Y1-positive staining in numerous fibers

235 gulating feeding are SIM1(+), located in the PVH, glutamatergic and not GABAergic, and do not express

236 We found CART cell bodies in the PVH, in the SON, in the LHA, in the Arc (infundibular nu

237 lera toxin-b injections were centered in the PVH, many double-labeled cells were found within the cau

238 cked LPS-induced Fos-immunoreactivity in the PVH, PB, NTS, and VLM, although it had no effect on the

239 pression in hypothalamic CART neurons in the PVH, the DMH, the Arc, and the PMV.

240 rgic inputs onto preautonomic neurons in the PVH, which contribute to normal energy balance regulatio

241 an indicator for neuronal activation, in the PVH, which has been used extensively to examine the unde

242 rophin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in the PVH.

243 icotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the PVH.

244 lished in the adrenal medulla but not in the PVH.

245 ke close contact with CRH cell bodies in the PVH.

246 e descending preautonomic populations in the PVH.

247 Injections of DSAP into the PVH abolished 2DG-induced feeding, but not hyperglycemia

248 Administration of 1229U91 directly into the PVH also suppressed DAMGO-induced high-fat intake, but a

249 of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the PVH produced clusters of BDA-positive nerve terminals wi

250 ent after direct injection of virus into the PVH, suggesting that these regions lie upstream of the P

251 or findings include: 1) In the midbrain, the PVH projects lightly to the ventral tegmental area, Edin

252 ound mainly in the parvocellular part of the PVH (PVHp).

253 regulating neurosecretory populations of the PVH and suggest that involvement of local circuit neuron

254 Bilateral ablation of the PVH causes obesity due to hyperphagia and reduced energy

255 sting that these regions lie upstream of the PVH in a common pathway to liver and adipose tissue (two

256 come from extensive characterization of the PVH in rats, and for this mammalian species we now have

257 tions and cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the PVH in the commonly used C57BL/6J male mouse.

258 ific autonomic and endocrine elements of the PVH may be due to the activity of distinct afferents tha

259 neuroendocrine and autonomic elements of the PVH may be triggered by leptin-activated afferents arisi

260 Early-life exposure of the PVH to maternal obesity through postnatal elevation of l

261 sion in the parvicellular compartment of the PVH, as well as in certain limbic and somatosensory cell

262 educed in neuroendocrine compartments of the PVH, but only AgRP were reduced in all regions containin

263 Lesions of the PVH, immediately dorsal to the SPZ, had no significant e

264 ceives the most extensive projections of the PVH, substantially more than the dorsal vagal nucleus or

265 n and only later within other aspects of the PVH.

266 imarily to non-neurosecretory regions of the PVH.

267 ased in the medial parvicellular part of the PVH.

268 organs or the magnocellular subnuclei of the PVH.

269 ctivity in the different compartments of the PVH.

270 y of distinct afferents that converge on the PVH from multiple components of the central autonomic co

271 upled device camera, and positioned over the PVH in five cats.

272 2) In the dorsal pons, the PVH projects heavily to the pre-locus coeruleus, yet ver

273 Labeled AVPV fibers reached the PVH during the first postnatal week, and fibers targetin

274 leasing factor elicit arousal, and since the PVH projects to other brain areas which modulate state,

275 cluding PVH-projecting regions, and that the PVH is preferentially innervated by VGLUT2-immunoreactiv

276 Our findings suggest that the PVH may modulate a range of homeostatic functions, inclu

277 Results indicate that the PVH participates in mediating erectile function in copul

278 are consistent with the hypothesis that the PVH plays a key role in integrating diverse physiologica

279 which modulate state, we speculate that the PVH plays a role in shaping characteristics of sleep/wak

280 ed a subset of responsive transcripts to the PVH and/or immediately adjoining regions.

281 xth postnatal day (P6), whereas those to the PVH develop significantly later, with the mature pattern

282 ptin administration that also project to the PVH or the subparaventricular zone by coupling immunohis

283 ich GABAergic projections from the LH to the PVH promote feeding.

284 Connections from these same sites to the PVH were evident after direct injection of virus into th

285 the CRH-containing region of the LHA to the PVH, thereby providing a neuroanatomical framework for t

286 otshock-responsive cells that project to the PVH, these were evaluated as candidate afferent mediator

287 m1 neurons, which likely is localized to the PVH.

288 We sought to determine whether the PVH-RVLM projection activated by water deprivation is gl

289 ctional antagonists of each other within the PVH in the regulation of feeding behavior, and that mela

290 elated increase in Fos expression within the PVH on the intact side of the brain at all doses tested;

291 that melanocortin administration within the PVH regulates both feeding behavior and energy expenditu

292 vation of CCK(NTS) axon terminals within the PVH reveal the satiating function of CCK(NTS) neurons to

293 Within the PVH, we found that AGRP neurons target and inhibit oxyto

294 The axon outgrowth from the ARH to PVH occurs during a critical postnatal period and is inf

295 brainstem origins of glutamatergic input to PVH that are positioned to play a role in transducing a

296 ial screen for sources of GABAergic input to PVH whose sensitivity to an acute emotional (restraint)

297 plicated aBST cell groups, and from these to PVH.

298 Here we show that mice with PVH-specific ablation of LIM domain only 4 (Lmo4) become

299 rbid illnesses were similar to patients with PVH.

300 /kg) was markedly decreased in the rats with PVH lesions (66.6%) but not dorsal SPZ lesions.