ライフサイエンスコーパス: T. pallidum

1 T. pallidum also activated THP-1 cells in a CD14-depende

2 T. pallidum cells appeared to form flat waves, did not c

3 T. pallidum DNA levels in plasma and whole blood were ap

4 T. pallidum DNA was detected in plasma within 24 h posti

5 T. pallidum has long been regarded as a stealth pathogen

6 T. pallidum has remained exquisitely sensitive to penici

7 T. pallidum mcp1 encoded a 579-amino-acid (64.6-kDa) pol

8 T. pallidum was detected in ulcer specimens from every c

9 T. pallidum-infected rabbits mount a vigorous antibody r

10 of 68 T. pallidum Ab-positive and 100 of 102 T. pallidum Ab-negative samples, and the HCV assay corre

11 sing this minimal set of clones, at least 12 T. pallidum proteins were shown to react with pooled ser

12 reponema pallidum: tprD2 is found in 7 of 12 T. pallidum subsp. pallidum isolates and 7 of 8 non-pall

13 We determined the identity of 148 T. pallidum protein spots, representing 88 T. pallidum p

14 , China, Ireland, and Madagascar and from 15 T. pallidum isolates.

15 Of 201 T. pallidum-positive specimens, 161 were typeable, revea

16 rediction of signal sequences identified 248 T. pallidum proteins that are potentially secreted from

17 syphilis assay correctly identifies 67 of 68 T. pallidum Ab-positive and 100 of 102 T. pallidum Ab-ne

18 8 T. pallidum protein spots, representing 88 T. pallidum polypeptides; 63 of these polypeptides had n

19 This target was determined to be a T. pallidum lipid.

20 Here we describe a T. pallidum outer membrane protein (TP0453) that, in con

21 as used to PCR amplify a duplex probe from a T. pallidum genomic library in pBluescript II SK+.

22 rase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a T. pallidum DNA polymerase I gene.

23 and differential immunologic screening of a T. pallidum genomic library.

24 This finding, the first description of a T. pallidum iron-binding protein, indicates that the syp

25 This is the first characterization of a T. pallidum transcriptional modulator that influences tp

26 eI footprinting assay, recombinant TP0262, a T. pallidum CRP homologue, was shown to bind specificall

27 eacted with monoclonal antibody H9-2 against T. pallidum, and cultivable PROS had 16S rRNA gene seque

28 ssay for the detection of antibodies against T. pallidum The performance of this assay was investigat

29 usion in a universal subunit vaccine against T. pallidum infection.

30 In all T. pallidum isolates examined to date, except the Nichol

31 Although T. pallidum was detected in cerebrospinal fluid before t

32 vidence that TP0126 is fully conserved among T. pallidum subspecies and strains, these data suggest a

33 Recently, important differences among T. pallidum strains emerged; therefore, we sequenced and

34 ame was shown to be highly polymorphic among T. pallidum subspecies and strains at the nucleotide and

35 HSV-2 and T. pallidum were detected by serum antibody testing.

36 at the swimming speeds of B. burgdorferi and T. pallidum decrease with increases in viscosity of the

37 ial peptides derived from B. burgdorferi and T. pallidum.

38 action amplification of the tp0574 gene, and T. pallidum was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by

39 positive for HSV, 1 (2.3%) for both HSV and T. pallidum, and none for H. ducreyi or T. pallidum alon

40 . pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum), Treponema paraluiscunicul

41 -2 was recovered from 28 (57%) specimens and T. pallidum from none; one woman showed serologic eviden

42 residues inhibited attachment of Tp0751 and T. pallidum to laminin.

43 of CfpA from T. denticola, T. vincentii, and T. pallidum subsp. pertenue.

44 and Treponema pallidum-specific tests (anti-T. pallidum antibodies).

45 ins, seven had previously been identified as T. pallidum antigens, and the remaining five represent n

46 Because T. pallidum does not possess other enzymes for ROS detox

47 Blood T. pallidum concentrations were determined by real-time

48 the highest opsonic activity had lower blood T. pallidum concentrations.

49 In participants in whom blood T. pallidum was detectable, those with the highest opson

50 Both T. pallidum and a synthetic lipopeptide (corresponding t

51 gene and because all other pts genes in both T. pallidum and T. denticola are actively expressed, the

52 None were amplified by T. pallidum-specific PCR.

53 al treponemes were compared to attachment by T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, and by the non-pathogen Tre

54 mune-response evasion mechanisms employed by T. pallidum are poorly understood, and prior attempts to

55 e of glucose) during virulence expression by T. pallidum.

56 , to a certain degree, from those induced by T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain.

57 to glucose-mediated chemotactic responses by T. pallidum.

58 upport the contention that DCs stimulated by T. pallidum and/or its proinflammatory membrane lipoprot

59 ers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) T. pallidum subtyping method.

60 of 154 lesion samples were found to contain T. pallidum, 23 of which had typeable DNA.

61 ted syphilis was defined as undetectable CSF T. pallidum, CSF WBCs </=5/uL and nonreactive CSF-VDRL.

62 testing of the cerebrospinal fluid to detect T. pallidum infection of the central nervous system in i

63 yphilis, the Elecsys Syphilis assay detected T. pallidum antibodies for 3 patients for whom antibodie

64 Rabbits were infected with three different T. pallidum clones or the parent strain from which the c

65 ite in the 5' flanking region differentiates T. pallidum subsp. pallidum from the other subspecies an

66 strategy has unveiled a scenario of discreet T. pallidum interstrain single-nucleotide-polymorphism-b

67 are able to cause or contribute to disease, T. pallidum differs in that it is able to rapidly dissem

68 paraluiscuniculi, as well as distinguishing T. pallidum subsp. pallidum from the causes of human non

69 e found that in this population, H. ducreyi, T. pallidum, and herpes simplex virus HSV DNA were detec

70 M-PCR detected H. ducreyi, T. pallidum, and HSV in 56%, 23%, and 26% of patients, r

71 host-pathogen interactions that occur during T. pallidum infection.

72 ll as the tprK expression sites, among eight T. pallidum subsp. pallidum isolates (Nichols Gen, Nicho

73 ays, and flow cytometry revealed that either T. pallidum, a representative treponemal lipoprotein, or

74 We describe an enhanced T. pallidum strain typing system that shows biological a

75 ed from murine skin, was utilized to examine T. pallidum-DC interactions and subsequent DC activation

76 of RNA isolated from rabbit tissue-extracted T. pallidum additionally showed that tp0319 is transcrip

77 In addition to being bona fide T. pallidum rare outer membrane proteins, TprC/D and Tpr

78 Consistent with these findings, T. pallidum, lipoprotein, and synthetic lipopeptide all

79 test MHA-TP (microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum).

80 the second such protein to be identified for T. pallidum.

81 A total of 129 specimens PCR positive for T. pallidum that were obtained from an azithromycin resi

82 with Tp38 serving as a glucose receptor for T. pallidum.

83 esults suggest that negative PCR results for T. pallidum from patients diagnosed with T. pallidum inv

84 l, if not sole, carbon and energy source for T. pallidum and is readily available to the spirochete d

85 is protein is a potential opsonic target for T. pallidum prompted a more detailed investigation of it

86 previously reported multiplex-PCR test (for T. pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex vir

87 35 individuals with syphilis were tested for T. pallidum-specific opsonic activity.

88 encoding the putative TRAP-T components from T. pallidum, tp0957 (the SBP), and tp0958 (the symporter

89 and thus allows genetic differentiation from T. pallidum subsp. pallidum strains.

90 Lipid extracted from T. pallidum and made into liposomes bound M131.

91 ynebacterium diphtheriae was identified from T. pallidum.

92 lt treatment of purified outer membrane from T. pallidum, conditions which remove peripherally associ

93 rotein was present in the aqueous phase from T. pallidum cells that were solubilized with Triton X-11

94 n pathogens to directly capture whole-genome T. pallidum data in the context of human infection.

95 gen, suggesting a role for TP0092 in helping T. pallidum respond to harmful stimuli in the host envir

96 pTS1 and the expression of the heterologous T. pallidum flaA gene from the plasmid in T. denticola.

97 represents a significantly immunoprotective T. pallidum antigen and thus may be useful for inclusion

98 Impaired T. pallidum-specific immune responses could contribute t

99 ts an extended inflexible structure, and, in T. pallidum, is tightly bound to the protoplasmic cylind

100 hway is the principal way to generate ATP in T. pallidum and Gpm is a key enzyme in this pathway, Mn

101 rophoresis revealed a modular Bam complex in T. pallidum larger than that of Escherichia coli.

102 native TprC and TprI are surface-exposed in T. pallidum, whereas their MOSP(N)-like domains are teth

103 transporters are simultaneously expressed in T. pallidum and that TroA is expressed at much greater l

104 Neelaredoxin was shown to be expressed in T. pallidum by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain re

105 ry system for controlling gene expression in T. pallidum in response to Mn(2+).

106 outer membrane must differ fundamentally in T. pallidum and gram-negative bacteria.

107 Because the Enzyme I-encoding gene in T. pallidum is an inactive pseudogene and because all ot

108 34's likely role in metal ion homeostasis in T. pallidum.

109 opsonic antibody and protective immunity in T. pallidum subspecies pallidum using two different appr

110 iously believed to be exclusively located in T. pallidum periplasm.

111 t that antigenic variation of TprK occurs in T. pallidum and may be important in immune evasion and p

112 TP0326, the sole protein in T. pallidum with sequence homology to a Gram-negative OM

113 ity, suggesting a role for these proteins in T. pallidum dissemination and tissue invasion.

114 ions associated with macrolide resistance in T. pallidum.

115 onfirmed that GlpQ is entirely subsurface in T. pallidum.

116 of an ABC-type polyamine transport system in T. pallidum.

117 smic methionine uptake transporter system in T. pallidum.

118 We found that in T. pallidum, TprC is heat modifiable, trimeric, expresse

119 data suggest an important role for TP0126 in T. pallidum biology and syphilis pathogenesis.

120 ic evidence for an MCP sensory transducer in T. pallidum.

121 lian host-associated Treponema that includes T. pallidum, this pathway is found in neither bacteria n

122 at the humoral immune response to individual T. pallidum proteins develops at different rates during

123 igen to subsequent challenge with infectious T. pallidum in the rabbit model of infection was assesse

124 tly challenged intradermally with infectious T. pallidum.

125 was expressed in freshly extracted infective T. pallidum.

126 Instead, T. pallidum may use manganese-dependent enzymes for meta

127 syphilis correlates with antibody that kills T. pallidum and aggregates TROMPs, suggesting that TROMP

128 um lysates but were poorly activated by live T. pallidum.

129 Lastly, the lrr(T. pallidum) gene was mapped to a 60-kb SfiI-SpeI fragme

130 bility to culture and genetically manipulate T. pallidum.

131 2-binding sites and corresponding to as many T. pallidum genes, were identified.

132 postchallenge), real-time PCR showed a mean T. pallidum DNA copy number per mug of rabbit DNA in the

133 3 are fibronectin-binding proteins mediating T. pallidum-host interactions.

134 Moreover, cell activation by motile T. pallidum was considerably less than that induced by t

135 to OMV and to the surfaces of intact motile T. pallidum cells but also bound to organisms whose oute

136 he results with those obtained by the native T. pallidum antigen EIA (Captia SelectSyph-G; Centocor)

137 There are particularly neuroinvasive T. pallidum strains, and the clinical phenotype of infec

138 b NRS group of 7.65 x 10(3) copies, while no T. pallidum DNA could be detected in the M131 group.

139 me which is consistently observed in the non-T. pallidum subsp. pallidum strains.

140 burgdorferi by host cells and the ability of T. pallidum to avoid detection and uptake by virtue of i

141 individuals, contributing to the ability of T. pallidum to establish chronic infection.

142 gment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of T. pallidum repeat (tpr) subfamily II genes, (3) RFLP an

143 iption polymerase chain reaction analysis of T. pallidum reveals that Tpr K is preferentially transcr

144 ve previously shown that the TprK antigen of T. pallidum, Nichols strain, is predominantly expressed

145 fection and may be involved in attachment of T. pallidum to host tissues.

146 -specific antibodies inhibited attachment of T. pallidum to laminin.

147 oferrin may relate overall to the biology of T. pallidum infection in humans is discussed.

148 a coli MCPs was used in Southern blotting of T. pallidum DNA to identify and subsequently clone a put

149 indings highlight the remarkable capacity of T. pallidum to disseminate from the site of infection to

150 fore may play a key role in the clearance of T. pallidum from lesions.

151 ethod has been developed to derive clones of T. pallidum that express a single, unique tprK sequence.

152 aboratory test (CSF-VDRL), (ii) detection of T. pallidum in CSF by reverse transcriptase PCR, or (iii

153 ip between opsonic activity and detection of T. pallidum in CSF or CSF-VDRL reactivity.

154 ods have been developed for the detection of T. pallidum, but none of these has shown a clear advanta

155 The discovery of T. pallidum periplasmic proteins with potentially define

156 at there may be a secondary dissemination of T. pallidum which induces a recall response.

157 also show that the process of elimination of T. pallidum from primary sites of infection is prolonged

158 The product of the tp0971 gene of T. pallidum, designated Tp34, is a periplasmic lipoprote

159 Three groups of T. pallidum-infected rabbits were treated curatively wit

160 nd the 47-kDa major lipoprotein immunogen of T. pallidum to clarify the contribution of CD14 to monoc

161 furthers our knowledge of the interaction of T. pallidum with laminin, an association that is propose

162 pe strain, all rabbit-propagated isolates of T. pallidum examined thus far are comprised of mixed pop

163 bers during infection with three isolates of T. pallidum.

164 toplasmic membrane-associated lipoprotein of T. pallidum formerly designated as TmpC.

165 ted on the outer surface (outer membrane) of T. pallidum but, rather, is periplasmic.

166 ion collection mass spectrometry (LC-MS+) of T. pallidum lipid showed that the target of M131 was pho

167 Given the non-cultivatable nature of T. pallidum, a structure-to-function approach was pursue

168 ategy apparently alleviates the necessity of T. pallidum to acquire iron from the host, thus overcomi

169 7 and 20 days, respectively), the numbers of T. pallidum DNA copies were still 5- and 30-fold less, r

170 mages also provided the first observation of T. pallidum chemoreceptor arrays, as well as structural

171 reactivity against a representative panel of T. pallidum antigens.

172 , and (c) Triton X-114 phase partitioning of T. pallidum conclusively demonstrated that native TprK i

173 itro similar to poor ex vivo phagocytosis of T. pallidum by host macrophages reported previously.

174 92 promotes opsonization and phagocytosis of T. pallidum by rabbit macrophages, and anti-Tp92 reactiv

175 on samples were screened for the presence of T. pallidum DNA using PCR for polA, which represents a s

176 complete, as demonstrated by the presence of T. pallidum in the rabbit infectivity test, glycerophosp

177 modeling indicated that the MotB proteins of T. pallidum, Treponema denticola, and Borrelia burgdorfe

178 arations for identifying rare OM proteins of T. pallidum.

179 In this study, we analyzed the proteome of T. pallidum by the isoelectric focusing (IEF) and nonequ

180 Intrinsic radiolabeling of T. pallidum in vitro with L-[methyl-3H] methionine revea

181 ntributing factor to the heat sensitivity of T. pallidum.

182 a clonal isolate from the Chicago strain of T. pallidum and confirmed V region diversification durin

183 imental infection with the Chicago strain of T. pallidum.

184 ntially transcribed in the Nichols strain of T. pallidum.

185 against infection with the Nichols strain of T. pallidum.

186 ection and suggested that various strains of T. pallidum might differentially express these genes.

187 ession of certain tpr genes among strains of T. pallidum, and further studies are needed to explore t

188 Twenty different strains of T. pallidum, isolated from cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous

189 cript levels among four different strains of T. pallidum.

190 ith 1 x 108 organisms from 1 of 6 strains of T. pallidum.

191 binding protein to the parasitic strategy of T. pallidum are discussed.

192 ation demonstrates that multiple subtypes of T. pallidum can be found in an area with high syphilis m

193 ntigen that may be present on the surface of T. pallidum and may represent a potential vaccine candid

194 ne nucleosides essential for the survival of T. pallidum within its obligate human host, but to our k

195 against specific TprK epitopes expressed on T. pallidum, resulting in immune selection of new TprK v

196 isolates (Gauthier, CDC2, and Samoa D), one T. pallidum subsp. endemicum isolate (Iraq B), the uncla

197 pallidum isolates, and tprD3 is found in one T. pallidum subsp. pertenue isolate.

198 binant variable domain of Tpr K can opsonize T. pallidum, Nichols strain, for phagocytosis, supportin

199 and T. pallidum, and none for H. ducreyi or T. pallidum alone; 6 (15.8%) were negative for all 3 pat

200 ine production than did borrelial lysates or T. pallidum, and only B. burgdorferi elicited gamma inte

201 Overall, T. pallidum was identified, by reverse-transcriptase pol

202 ble from Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum), the human syphilis treponeme, and induces

203 e of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) is heterogeneous within and among isolates.

204 In Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), the causative agent of syphilis, the TprK

205 , as opposed to T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue does not cross the placenta.

206 dum subspecies (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, and T. pallidum subsp. ende

207 s in immune evasion of the obligate pathogen T. pallidum during infection.

208 hese regions reacted with various pathogenic T. pallidum subspecies but did not react with nonpathoge

209 Altogether, 13 predicted T. pallidum ORFs (1.25% of the total) were incomplete or

210 ing 1026 of the total 1040 (98.7%) predicted T. pallidum ORFs.

211 groups of candidate rare OMPs, the predicted T. pallidum outer membrane proteome (OMPeome), which we

212 o identify and subsequently clone a putative T. pallidum MCP gene (mcp1).

213 ochetes, we used real-time PCR to quantitate T. pallidum genomic DNA copy numbers in lesion biopsies

214 In five rabbits, T. pallidum DNA levels were measured sequentially in ser

215 c, and antioxidant properties of recombinant T. pallidum neelaredoxin.

216 We studied a group of six recombinant T. pallidum antigens for their sensitivities and specifi

217 Thus, the recombinant T. pallidum antigens Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd show promise

218 Serum T. pallidum-specific opsonic activity is significantly l

219 In the presence of human syphilitic serum, T. pallidum was efficiently internalized and initiated r

220 ective immunity, is heterogeneous in several T. pallidum strains, but not in Nichols strain Seattle.

221 subsp. pallidum (referred to here as simply T. pallidum) has been limited to date, and yet the expre

222 Antibody HC23 reacted with six T. pallidum proteins, including a 45-kDa protein that ma

223 h T. pallidum, indicating that at least some T. pallidum genes are transcribed and expressed in E. co

224 Sonicated T. pallidum was found to induce the expression of interl

225 nificantly protected rabbits from subsequent T. pallidum challenge, altering lesion development at th

226 partially protected rabbits from subsequent T. pallidum challenge.

227 ugh the three Treponema pallidum subspecies (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue

228 During secondary syphilis, T. pallidum simultaneously elicits local and systemic in

229 We hypothesized that T. pallidum Nichols is capable of only limited tprK dive

230 These combined results imply that T. pallidum and its constituent lipoproteins likely indu

231 Collectively, our findings indicate that T. pallidum procures transition metals via the concerted

232 CET revealed that T. pallidum cell ends have a complex morphology and assu

233 Bioinformatic analysis revealed that T. pallidum encodes an additional C9 transporter (tp0034

234 Enzymatic studies revealed that T. pallidum neelaredoxin is able to catalyze a redox equ

235 Electron microscopy revealed that T. pallidum was engulfed by DCs via both coiling and con

236 nalysis confirmed prior results showing that T. pallidum glycolipids are not immunoreactive, and (iii

237 advance for syphilis research, suggests that T. pallidum has appropriated a paradigmatic global regul

238 The T. pallidum genome sequence has revealed a few open read

239 The T. pallidum genome sequence reported the presence of a s

240 The T. pallidum Nichols genome described a single tprK seque

241 tify candidate laminin-binding adhesins, the T. pallidum genome was analyzed to predict open reading

242 the A2058G or the A2059G mutation among the T. pallidum strains were 35.6, 51.2, and 13.2%, respecti

243 protection has been demonstrated between the T. pallidum subspecies and strains or between Treponema

244 the small number of proteins encoded by the T. pallidum genome with sequence similarity to well-char

245 ion of the tpp15 gene, can differentiate the T. pallidum subspecies, as well as a simian treponeme.

246 We previously identified the T. pallidum 47-kDa lipoprotein (Tp47) as a penicillin-bi

247 s conducted in our laboratory identified the T. pallidum glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase as a

248 mbrane nutrient-specific transporters in the T. pallidum genome predicts that nutrient transport acro

249 treponemal antibody-abs (92.4%) but not the T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (97.1%).

250 itate interactions between components of the T. pallidum cell envelope.

251 A single 15.6-kb region of the T. pallidum chromosome was missing in the BAC library, b

252 mapped to a 60-kb SfiI-SpeI fragment of the T. pallidum chromosome which also contains the rrnA and

253 ese results demonstrate the potential of the T. pallidum clone set for antigen discovery and, more ge

254 Analysis of the T. pallidum genome indicates that the syphilis spirochet

255 Comparison of the T. pallidum genome sequence with that of another pathoge

256 eported here, heterologous expression of the T. pallidum glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase in E

257 The molecular masses of all of the T. pallidum lipoproteins and BSA were within 0.7% of the

258 TP0117/TP0131 (TprC/D), a member of the T. pallidum repeat (Tpr) family, was a highly ranked can

259 of tprE, tprG and tprJ, three members of the T. pallidum repeat (tpr) gene family (subfamily II).

260 None of the T. pallidum strains examined had both point mutations.

261 This characterization of the T. pallidum transcriptome during experimental infection

262 physical demonstration of an antigen on the T. pallidum surface and indication that such a surface a

263 To address this hypothesis, we passaged the T. pallidum Nichols strain in naive rabbits at the peak

264 By 30 days postchallenge, the T. pallidum DNA copy numbers were similar in all three g

265 Previously, the T. pallidum proteins, Tp0750 and Tp0751 (also called pal

266 outer membrane protein which may render the T. pallidum outer membrane permeable to nutrients while

267 as a whole, these studies indicate that the T. pallidum GlpQ ortholog is a periplasmic protein assoc

268 deficiencies explicit, and suggest that the T. pallidum network topology is inconsistent with evolut

269 ator sequence demonstrated similarity to the T. pallidum TroR (TroR(Tp)) binding sequence; however, t

270 Interestingly, unlike the T. pallidum orthologue, T. denticola TroR (TroR(Td)) pos

271 When the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain genome was in

272 on of the polypeptide is associated with the T. pallidum peptidoglycan sacculus.

273 engendered speculation that members of this T. pallidum repeat (Tpr) family may be similarly surface

274 To study this, T. pallidum gpm was cloned, Gpm was purified from Escher

275 Results show that three T. pallidum monoclonal antibodies (H9-1, H9-2, and F5) c

276 4, Dal-1, Street14, UW104, and UW126), three T. pallidum subsp. pertenue isolates (Gauthier, CDC2, an

277 Thus, T. pallidum has evolved an extraordinarily robust, broad

278 enously and invades a wide range of tissues, T. pallidum presumably must tolerate substantial oxidati

279 Extrapolated to T. pallidum, our model enables us to explain how individ

280 Moreover, as opposed to T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue

281 he genetic relatedness of cultivable PROS to T. pallidum and T. vincentii.

282 showing that the general T-cell response to T. pallidum antigens in syphilis infection is biased tow

283 that initiates the early immune response to T. pallidum thus far has not been identified.

284 ominance during the early immune response to T. pallidum.

285 ed reactive CIA specimens may represent true T. pallidum infection and may be found after seroreversi

286 (27%) of 15 blood specimens yielded typeable T. pallidum DNA.

287 timulatory capacity of B. burgdorferi versus T. pallidum appears to be explained by the successful re

288 Virulent T. pallidum, a representative native treponemal lipoprot

289 For visual T. pallidum antibody detection, the test sensitivity was

290 fore, glycolysis would not be abrogated when T. pallidum encounters high Zn2+ levels.

291 Finally, GlpQ was not radiolabeled when T. pallidum outer membranes were incubated with 3-(trifl

292 decode the major genetic mechanisms by which T. pallidum promotes immune evasion and survival, and de

293 was phagocytosed avidly by monocytes, while T. pallidum was not, suggesting that the enhanced respon

294 for T. pallidum from patients diagnosed with T. pallidum invasion of the central nervous system are p

295 with pooled sera from rabbits immunized with T. pallidum, indicating that at least some T. pallidum g

296 Most infants with T. pallidum infection of the central nervous system can

297 ity by using sera from rabbits infected with T. pallidum.

298 ith T. vincentii and T. medium, but not with T. pallidum.

299 of immunoglobulin that reacted strongly with T. pallidum antigen.

300 tprK is highly variable within T. pallidum strains, and a method has been developed to