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1 T. vaginalis adhered to hVECs and produced severe cytoto
2 T. vaginalis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum (both repre
3 T. vaginalis ASR is an increasingly utilized assay that
4 T. vaginalis contains two HSP70 sequences, one Mt-like a
5 T. vaginalis detection rate in males was 6.6%, with no d
6 T. vaginalis DNA was stable in specimens stored without
7 T. vaginalis extract was subjected to hydrophobic chroma
8 T. vaginalis has the coding capacity to produce an activ
9 T. vaginalis HPP forms an approximately 100 kDa homodime
10 T. vaginalis infection is strongly associated with an in
11 T. vaginalis infection was identified in 6.0% (16/268) o
12 T. vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted inf
13 T. vaginalis may alter the vaginal microbiota in a manne
14 T. vaginalis may be endemic in this community of African
15 T. vaginalis PNP thus belongs to the family of bacterial
16 T. vaginalis prevalence by culture (InPouch; Biomed) was
17 T. vaginalis prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, with
18 T. vaginalis prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family plann
19 T. vaginalis research entered the age of genomics with t
20 T. vaginalis was detected more often in men with wet-mou
21 T. vaginalis was more prevalent than C. trachomatis or N
22 T. vaginalis was most prevalent in women who were 36 to
23 T. vaginalis was the predominant sexually transmitted ag
24 is study, we examined the propensities of 26 T. vaginalis strains to bind to and lyse prostate (BPH-1
27 ere observed using approximately 2.5 x 10(8) T. vaginalis cells and 350 volts, 960 microFd for electr
28 nts, 858 pharyngeal specimens yielded a 2.9% T. vaginalis detection rate compared with 2.1% for N. go
34 acquired N. gonorrhoeae, and 12.8% acquired T. vaginalis); among 1183 men, 14.7% had 1 or more new i
35 tection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that
38 rt the potential for a human vaccine against T. vaginalis infection that could also influence the inc
41 second ATV TMA assay, utilizing an alternate T. vaginalis primer and probe set, was performed on all
42 nin-labeled ELISA for detection of amplified T. vaginalis DNA from urine, the sensitivity and specifi
44 The observation that the two diplomonads and T. vaginalis share the same unusual GK and GPI is consis
45 nt with oral metronidazole is effective, and T. vaginalis DNA disappears rapidly after treatment.
49 italium, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis were 100, 70, 67, and 20%, respectively.
51 inal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected and T. vaginalis-uninfected patients among women with normal
54 n due to N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and T. vaginalis were 3.48, 4.55, and 1.32 cases per 100 per
58 ated the performance of the automated Aptima T. vaginalis assay for detecting T. vaginalis in 1,025 a
59 hybridization assay to the Gen-Probe Aptima T. vaginalis (ATV) transcription-mediated amplification
60 were tested by the TVQ assay, and the Aptima T. vaginalis (ATV) assay was performed using clinician-c
61 dates the clinical performance of the Aptima T. vaginalis assay for screening asymptomatic and sympto
62 T. vaginalis infection in HIV-endemic areas, T. vaginalis control may have a substantial impact on pr
63 th care professionals can consider TMA-based T. vaginalis screening for a wide age range of patients;
64 re we describe the performance of the new BD T. vaginalis Qx (TVQ) amplified DNA assay, which can be
66 nfection, as well as the association between T. vaginalis infection and increased transmission of and
67 We concluded that the interaction between T. vaginalis and hVECs is both cell specific (limited to
68 4 (55%) were introital, were tested for both T. vaginalis DNA and viable microorganisms using the 5'
69 (ii) Activation of local immune cells by T. vaginalis in the presence of infectious HIV-1 might l
71 fe, aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-cell T. vaginalis vaccine for efficacy in a BALB/c mouse mode
73 Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven infla
79 tter than wet mount (P = 0.004) and detected T. vaginalis in samples that required 48 to 72 h of incu
80 ated Aptima T. vaginalis assay for detecting T. vaginalis in 1,025 asymptomatic and symptomatic women
82 nge of pathogenic properties among different T. vaginalis strains, all strains show strict contact-de
85 er, contrary to that typical for eukaryotes, T. vaginalis spliceosomal snRNAs lack a cap and may cont
88 taining 5' untranslated regions of expressed T. vaginalis genes was searched for overrepresented DNA
89 ifferent dsRNA molecules obtained from a few T. vaginalis isolates has suggested that more than one v
90 The presence of CD4(+) T cells following T. vaginalis infection can potentially increase suscepti
92 is a new point-of-care diagnostic assay for T. vaginalis that uses an immunochromatographic capillar
93 extraurogenital sources into assessment for T. vaginalis detection may identify additional symptomat
94 Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay; ATV) for T. vaginalis were compared with the Affirm VPIII Trichom
96 > or =2.0 and < or =1.5 were established for T. vaginalis-positive and -negative cutoffs, respectivel
102 N. gonorrhoeae, 26 (5.2%) were positive for T. vaginalis, and 47 (9.5%) were positive for M. genital
106 owever, first-void urine detection rates for T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis within this age demograp
108 hral swab and first-void urine screening for T. vaginalis within a regional health care system was pe
109 ssay in urethral swabs, urine, and semen for T. vaginalis detection in male sexual partners of women
110 vely from both men and women were tested for T. vaginalis DNA with both the FRET-based assay and a pr
111 d be evaluated with more-sensitive tests for T. vaginalis, preferably NAATs, if microscopy is negativ
113 e amplified the beta-fructofuranosidase from T. vaginalis cDNA and cloned it into an Escherichia coli
114 binding of T. foetus to BVECs; the LPG from T. vaginalis and a variety of other glycoconjugates did
115 information a PCR product was obtained from T. vaginalis gDNA and used to isolate corresponding cDNA
120 cquired STIs included chlamydia, gonorrhoea, T. vaginalis and syphilis with rapid plasma reagin >/=1:
122 rachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae and N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis, and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoea
133 etic analysis and assess the role of AP65 in T. vaginalis adherence, we silenced expression of ap65 u
134 me course following the expression of CAT in T. vaginalis transient transformants revealed the highes
136 o both double and single Inr motifs found in T. vaginalis genes and that binding requires the conserv
137 emonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalis protein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter e
138 , catalyzing the first step of glycolysis in T. vaginalis, is different from that of the enzyme perfo
139 sms for the regulation of cysteine levels in T. vaginalis, we have characterized enzymes of the merca
140 owed divergence of the vaginal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected and T. vaginalis-uninfected patien
141 hypothesized that the vaginal microbiota in T. vaginalis-infected women differs from that in T. vagi
143 biotic Trichomonasvirus, highly prevalent in T. vaginalis clinical isolates, is sensed by the human e
145 demonstrate antisense RNA gene silencing in T. vaginalis to study the contribution of specific genes
147 median of 566 days, there were 806 incident T. vaginalis infections (23.6/100 person-years), and 265
150 fect on mammalian PNPs, was shown to inhibit T. vaginalis PNP with a K(is) of 2.3 microM by competing
151 nal leukocytosis, and recurrent (vs initial) T. vaginalis infection, with the lowest levels observed
152 ools and approaches available to interrogate T. vaginalis biology, with an emphasis on recent advance
153 ave introduced three heterologous genes into T. vaginalis by electroporation and have used the 5' and
155 Our data reveal a complex structure, named T. vaginalis lipoglycan (TvLG), that differs markedly fr
157 ron of P270 was evident among virus-negative T. vaginalis isolates or virus-negative progeny trichomo
164 of hybridomas that inhibited the binding of T. vaginalis organisms to immobilized FN was identified.
165 the incidence and increased the clearance of T. vaginalis infection and induced both systemic and loc
167 , accurate, and high-throughput detection of T. vaginalis and may prove useful in clinical settings a
168 richomonosis was defined as the detection of T. vaginalis by direct microscopy and/or culture from ei
169 reported in females, TMA-based detection of T. vaginalis can be a routine constituent within a compr
170 xisting PCR method for specific detection of T. vaginalis DNA into a rapid real-time PCR assay based
171 a sensitive PCR assay, reliable detection of T. vaginalis in male partners required multiple specimen
172 ive and specific PCR assays for detection of T. vaginalis in urine, a noninvasive specimen, and devel
174 to evaluate urine-based PCR for detection of T. vaginalis using a combined reference standard of wet
176 ng vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T. vaginalis infection
177 hniques in urine specimen-based detection of T. vaginalis was highly sensitive and revealed a prevale
178 l and cervical specimen-derived detection of T. vaginalis within African American majority geographic
182 can be expected to improve the diagnosis of T. vaginalis, especially where microscopy and culture ar
185 t to the monolayer disruption, the effect of T. vaginalis on HIV-1 replication was not isolate depend
187 and may be an important virulence factor of T. vaginalis mediating the destruction of host cells and
188 ndicate a role for a TvDRP in the fission of T. vaginalis hydrogenosomes, similar to that described f
192 norrhoeae PCR assay allowed incorporation of T. vaginalis PCR diagnosis into routine clinical testing
193 F-dAdo and F-Ade exert strong inhibition of T. vaginalis growth with estimated IC(50) values of 106
194 rrying out studies to identify inhibitors of T. vaginalis PNP (TvPNP), we discovered that the nontoxi
195 ng a single, agar-cloned clinical isolate of T. vaginalis, confirming the natural capacity for concur
197 ixty-eight historical and recent isolates of T. vaginalis were sampled from the American Type Culture
199 ying and treating females with low levels of T. vaginalis infection (before they become wet mount pos
202 to the pathogenesis and disease outcomes of T. vaginalis infections of the human genital mucosa.
203 death may be involved in the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis infection in vivo, may have important impli
205 croscopy and culture and for the presence of T. vaginalis DNA by specific PCR of vaginal and urine sp
211 ettings with a moderately high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection, particularly when microscopy is
217 rt addressing the differential regulation of T. vaginalis genes immediately upon contact with VECs.
219 recently completed draft genome sequence of T. vaginalis provides an invaluable resource to guide mo
224 thesis of GAPDH by antisense transfection of T. vaginalis gave lower levels of organisms bound to FN
225 nt efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of T. vaginalis in women and men, especially in countries w
232 ions with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis (women only) detected during 4 scheduled re
233 gnoses of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis infections should return in 3 months for re
234 detect N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis (or T. vaginalis if utilized), there is no US Food and Drug
238 levels were lower in females with a positive T. vaginalis antigen test result, a vaginal pH >4.5, vag
239 N. gonorrhoeae infection overall, a positive T. vaginalis ASR result was a better predictor of concom
243 an interview and a pelvic exam, four primary T. vaginalis tests (wet mount, culture, a rapid test, an
244 found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvM
249 re, we biochemically characterize the single T. vaginalis Tgs (TvTgs) encoded in its genome and demon
250 STI phenotype reflected detection of solely T. vaginalis (54.2% of all health care encounters that r
251 to identify a simple method for stabilizing T. vaginalis DNA in urine samples that could be easily a
252 ic and phylogenetic analyses determined that T. vaginalis population structure is strongly influenced
256 r intracellular redox buffer by showing that T. vaginalis contains high levels of cysteine ( approxim
263 , no significant difference was noted in the T. vaginalis detection rates (8.9 and 8.6%, P = 0.85).
265 5 A/B, which target different regions in the T. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be fal
268 ns, respectively, while the 12-kDa FD of the T. vaginalis hydrogenosome was most similar to the 12-kD
269 ales (24.7 years) was lower than that of the T. vaginalis-infected females (mean, 30.1 years; P < 0.0
271 studies indicate that it interacts with the T. vaginalis RNAP II large subunit C-terminal domain.
275 with the hypothesis that drug resistance to T. vaginalis resulted from a single or very few mutation
277 ion prevalences were 1.3% for C. trachomatis/T. vaginalis, 0.61% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae an
278 lity to transiently and selectably transform T. vaginalis should greatly enhance research on this imp
279 and the increased risk for HIV transmission, T. vaginalis infection should be reconsidered for inclus
281 Equally noteworthy was that DAB-treated T. vaginalis with enhanced adherence did not possess the
285 itivity for every additional day delay until T. vaginalis was first detected in cultures (odds ratio
287 ence and cytotoxicity were not observed when T. vaginalis was exposed to human vaginal fibroblasts or
293 epithelial cells or cell lines cultured with T. vaginalis was measured by monitoring transepithelium
300 This rate was higher than those seen with T. vaginalis (9.0%; P = 0.005), C. trachomatis (6.2%), a
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