ライフサイエンスコーパス: T6SS

1 T6SS activity is silenced in plasmid-containing, antibio

2 T6SS delivers effectors to neighboring cells and corresp

3 T6SS is regulated at transcriptional and posttranslation

4 T6SS is responsible for translocation of a wide range of

5 T6SS sheaths are cytoplasmic tubular structures composed

6 T6SSs are a class of sophisticated cell contact-dependen

7 the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Sci-1 T6SS.

8 ocesses depend on type 6 secretion system 1 (T6SS-1), which is required for virulence in animals.

9 at one of these, type VI secretion system 5 (T6SS-5), is required for virulence in mammalian infectio

10 ism by bacterial type VI secretion system 5 (T6SS-5), which is an essential virulence factor in both

11 n 11 167 core T6SS components mapping to 906 T6SSs found in 498 bacterial strains representing 240 sp

12 mutagenesis was performed in wild type and a T6SS null mutant.

13 ion, and virulence, was presumed to encode a T6SS-like apparatus.

14 ated the formation of heterotypic MNGCs in a T6SS-5-dependent manner.

15 monstrate that this protein is secreted in a T6SS-dependent manner and that it confers a fitness adva

16 S Typhimurium kills commensal bacteria in a T6SS-dependent manner.

17 Here, we show that TssA1 is a T6SS component forming dodecameric ring structures whose

18 Therefore, Burkholderia TecA is a T6SS effector that modifies a eukaryotic target through

19 We show that TseC is a T6SS-secreted antibacterial effector and that the downst

20 ormatic and functional characterization of a T6SS-like pathway in diverse Bacteroidetes.

21 ella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires a T6SS encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-6 (S

22 An accessory T6SS component, TagJ/HsiE, exists predominantly in one o

23 at this assists in the delivery of accessory T6SS toxins of V. cholerae.

24 Such acquired T6SS-dependent fitness in vivo and conservation of Tde-T

25 ransfer in E. coli and trigger P. aeruginosa T6SS killing, but not pilus production.

26 Our data suggest that, in P. aeruginosa, T6SS organelle assembly and lethal counterattack are reg

27 We show that, in the case of P. aeruginosa, T6SS-dependent killing of either Vibrio cholerae or Acin

28 ferring self-resistance ('immunity') against T6SS-dependent Ssp1 or Ssp2 toxicity.

29 apparatus elaborated by a second aggressive T6SS(+) bacterial cell.

30 T6SS transcripts is fine-tuned by AmrZ, all T6SS mRNAs are silenced by RsmA.

31 chanism that modulates the deployment of all T6SS weapons that may be simultaneously produced within

32 likely to be a conserved element across all T6SSs.

33 Although T6SS has been found in more than 100 gram-negative bacte

34 cteristics as a propagator of CRISPR-Cas and T6SS modules.

35 of global control by RsmA to VgrG spike and T6SS toxin transcripts whose genes are scattered on the

36 effector-immunity paradigm for antibacterial T6SS substrates, the toxic activities of these effectors

37 two secreted substrates of the antibacterial T6SS from the opportunistic human pathogen, Serratia mar

38 ation is a general property of antibacterial T6SSs and effector delivery by the system exerts a stron

39 ded into how pathogens utilize antibacterial T6SSs to overcome competitors and succeed in polymicrobi

40 ate that several MIX-containing proteins are T6SS effectors and that they are not required for T6SS a

41 we propose that MIX-containing proteins are T6SS effectors.

42 ived from experimentally validated bacterial T6SS effectors we identified a phylogenetically disperse

43 Because T6SS activity was also strongly induced by membrane-disr

44 cterial virulence protein expression because T6SS-1 and some effectors of type 3 secretion system 3 (

45 inner and middle layers is conserved between T6SS and phage sheaths.

46 flect a biological process that is driven by T6SS antibacterial attack.

47 ns that render protection against killing by T6SS predatory cells.

48 del whereby the CTD of VgrG-5-, propelled by T6SS-5-, plays a key role in inducing membrane fusion, e

49 cinetobacter baylyi is greatly stimulated by T6SS activity occurring in those prey species.

50 ly shown and/or predicted to be delivered by T6SSs into target eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells as

51 shaped hexamer secreted by all characterized T6SSs, binds specifically to cognate effector molecules.

52 Thus, the V. cholerae T6SS contributes to the competitive behaviour of this sp

53 is result also demonstrated that V. cholerae T6SS is capable of delivering effectors that could attac

54 VgrG3 gene, suggesting that the V. cholerae T6SS is functional and mediates antagonistic interbacter

55 evidence that VgrG-3 of the Vibrio cholerae T6SS has both structural and toxin activity.

56 We also identified their three cognate T6SS-secreted effectors and show these are important for

57 rotein F) family protein TssM is a conserved T6SS inner membrane protein.

58 It currently contains data on 11 167 core T6SS components mapping to 906 T6SSs found in 498 bacter

59 The singularity of VgrG-5 as a detected T6SS-5 substrate, taken together with the essentiality o

60 we conclude that RP4 induces "donor-directed T6SS attacks" at sites corresponding to Mpf-mediated mem

61 f TssC, suggesting the existence of distinct T6SS classes.

62 seudomonas aeruginosa encodes three distinct T6SS haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp) secretion isla

63 confirmed that these differences distinguish T6SS classes that resulted from a functional co-evolutio

64 le for TssK by linking both complexes during T6SS assembly.

65 at target these for secretion by the dynamic T6SS organelle.

66 ression of hcp operons and vgrG3 that encode T6SS secreted proteins but has no effect on the expressi

67 approach, we discovered that the FPI-encoded T6SS exports at least three effectors encoded outside of

68 proach to the Hcp secretion island I-encoded T6SS (H1-T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the iden

69 ocus T6SS assembles in response to exogenous T6SS attack by other bacteria.

70 . pseudomallei strains engineered to express T6SS-5 in vitro show that the VgrG5 C-terminal domain is

71 l-cell-targeting T6SSs characterized so far, T6SS-5 localizes to the bacterial cell pole.

72 ncluding many important human pathogens, few T6SS-dependent effector and immunity proteins have been

73 This mechanism is crucial for T6SS function.

74 e VgrG5 C-terminal domain is dispensable for T6SS-mediated secretion of Hcp5, demonstrating that the

75 nstrate that PAAR proteins are essential for T6SS-mediated secretion and target cell killing by Vibri

76 mid that carries the negative regulators for T6SS.

77 effectors and that they are not required for T6SS activity.

78 kely represents an evolutionary strategy for T6SS effectors to reach their intended substrates regard

79 d to Bacteroides fragilis Unlike GA1 and GA2 T6SS loci, most GA3 loci do not encode identifiable effe

80 Importantly, we show that the GA3 T6SS of strain 638R is functional in the mammalian gut a

81 ned in two variable regions of GA3 loci, GA3 T6SSs of the species B. fragilis are likely the source o

82 Here, we studied GA3 T6SSs and show that they antagonize most human gut Bacte

83 H1-T6SS is a molecular gun firing seven toxins, Tse1-Tse7,

84 the RetS sensor, which has a fully active H1-T6SS, in contrast to the parent.

85 1 and HsiC1 of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-T6SS assemble into tubules resulting from stacking of co

86 The Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-T6SS has been extensively characterized.

87 r screen failed to identify two predicted H1-T6SS effectors, Tse5 and Tse6, which differ from Hcp-sta

88 y shown to act as a potent intra-specific H1-T6SS-delivered antibacterial toxin.

89 the Hcp secretion island I-encoded T6SS (H1-T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the identificatio

90 The H1-T6SS characterization was facilitated through studying a

91 The H1-T6SS secretes three identified toxins that target other

92 the independent contribution of the three H1-T6SS co-regulated vgrG genes, vgrG1abc, to bacterial kil

93 Thus, in contrast to H1-T6SS, H2-T6SS modulates interaction with eukaryotic host

94 th respect to the requirement for the two H1-T6SS-exported VgrG proteins, whereas Tse5 and Tse6 deliv

95 s (75% decrease in internalization with a H2-T6SS mutant) and into lung epithelial cells through a ph

96 Here we performed a screen to identify H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS regulatory elements and found that the

97 However, study of H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS has been neglected because of a poor un

98 re, we demonstrate that the expression of H2-T6SS genes of strain PAO1 is up-regulated during the tra

99 ggered the characterization of a suite of H2-T6SS toxins and their implication in direct bacterial co

100 rZ, which acts as a negative regulator of H2-T6SS.

101 gulated protein secretion island II T6SS (H2-T6SS).

102 Thus, in contrast to H1-T6SS, H2-T6SS modulates interaction with eukaryotic host cells.

103 Finally, we show that H2-T6SS plays a role in P. aeruginosa virulence in the worm

104 oxes in the promoter region and find that H2-T6SS transcription is negatively regulated by iron.

105 have specifically implicated PldA and the H2-T6SS in pathogenesis, we uncovered a specific role for t

106 We also show that the H2-T6SS system enhances bacterial uptake into HeLa cells (7

107 e the characterization of a P. aeruginosa H3-T6SS-dependent phospholipase D effector, PldB, and its t

108 However, study of H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS has been neglected because of a poor understanding

109 erformed a screen to identify H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS regulatory elements and found that the posttranscri

110 tein (Hcp) secretion islands (H1, H2, and H3-T6SS), each involved in different aspects of the bacteri

111 tion systems (T6SSs) called H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS.

112 e renamed TseF) appears to be secreted by H3-T6SS and is incorporated into outer membrane vesicles (O

113 ximal to the type VI secretion system H3 (H3-T6SS), functions synergistically with known iron acquisi

114 on systems (T6SSs) coexist, called H1- to H3-T6SSs.

115 However, T6SS-secreted proteins have proven surprisingly elusive.

116 sis and deep sequencing (Tn-seq) to identify T6SS immunity proteins in Vibrio cholerae.

117 sin co-regulated protein secretion island II T6SS (H2-T6SS).

118 poN regulon has yet to be clearly defined in T6SS-active V. cholerae isolates, which use T6SS to targ

119 Proteins of the TssB family encoded in T6SS clusters lacking a gene encoding a TagJ-like compon

120 This activation results in T6SS-mediated killing of competing bacteria but renders

121 tion with bacterial cells carrying an intact T6SS locus and VgrG3 gene, suggesting that the V. choler

122 is a Gram-negative pathogen that can use its T6SS during antagonistic interactions with neighboring p

123 strain was able to kill its parent using its T6SS.

124 We found that this lethal T6SS counterattack also occurs in response to the mating

125 The Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-locus T6SS assembles in response to exogenous T6SS attack by o

126 has no effect on the expression of the main T6SS cluster encoding sheath and other structural compon

127 The lipase and muramidase T6SS effectors identified in this study underscore the d

128 dicted to transit not only the Gram-negative T6SS but also the Gram-positive type VII secretion syste

129 Together, this work identifies new T6SS effectors employed by a plant commensal bacterium t

130 overy and functional characterization of new T6SS effectors in Gram-negative bacteria.

131 o that of a mutant harboring a nonfunctional T6SS-5.

132 er, the identification and mode of action of T6SS effector proteins that mediate this protective effe

133 ein is critical for the effector activity of T6SS-5.

134 tieukaryotic activities but also assembly of T6SS apparatus.

135 Here, we report a class of T6SS effector chaperone (TEC) proteins that are required

136 However, the contribution of T6SS antibacterial activity during pathogen invasion of

137 likely responsible for the high diversity of T6SS effector-immunity gene profiles observed for V. cho

138 ed in this study underscore the diversity of T6SS-secreted substrates and the distinctly different me

139 represent founder members of new families of T6SS-secreted and cognate immunity proteins.

140 cid pH upregulates the expression of Hcp1 of T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1.

141 Overall, although the level of T6SS transcripts is fine-tuned by AmrZ, all T6SS mRNAs a

142 bacterial fitness, systematic prediction of T6SS effectors remains challenging due to high effector

143 ly, these analyses uncover the prevalence of T6SS-dependent competition and reveal its potential role

144 A broad range of T6SS gene cluster detection and comparative analysis too

145 dies suggest that the complete repertoire of T6SS effectors delivered to host cells is encoded by the

146 f the Bptm group, the effector repertoire of T6SS-5 has remained elusive.

147 ion substrates of the T6SS and one subset of T6SS effectors consists of VgrG proteins with C-terminal

148 cations that describe three superfamilies of T6SS proteins, each dedicated to mediate the secretion o

149 d a phylogenetically disperse superfamily of T6SS-associated peptidoglycan-degrading effectors.

150 Despite the widespread identification of T6SSs among Gram-negative bacteria, the number of experi

151 vel secreted protein whose export depends on T6SS-5 function.

152 has documented striking dynamics of opposed T6SS organelles in adjacent sister cells of Pseudomonas

153 , also containing CRISPR-Cas elements and/or T6SS's.

154 nome and are not linked genetically to other T6SS genes.

155 eins are found encoded together within other T6SS gene clusters, thus they represent founder members

156 Our findings provide an example of pathogen T6SS-dependent killing of commensal bacteria as a mechan

157 Phylogenetic analysis of phytobacterial T6SS clusters shows that they are distributed in the fiv

158 nd antieukaryotic effectors out of predatory T6SS(+) cells and into prey cells.

159 tructure of a sheath protein complex propels T6SS spike and tube components along with antibacterial

160 arge family of TEC genes coupled to putative T6SS effectors in Gram-negative bacteria.

161 ily explorable archive of known and putative T6SSs, and cognate effectors found in bacteria.

162 g) that likely mark the location of repeated T6SS-mediated protein translocation events between bacte

163 f the Bptm group previously shown to require T6SS-5 function.

164 except for B. fragilis strains with the same T6SS locus.

165 ns including motility and type VI secretion (T6SS).

166 Several T6SS components are proposed to be part of a macromolecu

167 as the Bptm group, appear to encode several T6SSs, we and others have shown that one of these, type

168 components of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) and alginate biosynthetic pathways, whereas DC3000

169 to a bacteriocidal type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector VgrG3, exhibited a colonization defect.

170 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded by the Francisella pathogenicity island (F

171 The bacterial type 6 secretion system (T6SS) functions as a virulence factor capable of attacki

172 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has emerged as a critical virulence factor for the

173 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine for the transport of ef

174 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine used to inject effector

175 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a complex and widespread gram-negative bacteria

176 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contact-dependent bacterial weapon that allow

177 The bacterial type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic apparatus that translocates proteins

178 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic organelle that bacteria use to target

179 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a large multicomponent, dynamic macromolecular

180 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a lethal weapon used by many bacteria to kill e

181 The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular machine that mediates bacteria

182 Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular machine used by many Gram-nega

183 The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular system distributed in Gram-neg

184 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra-molecular bacterial complex that resemb

185 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra-molecular complex akin to bacteriophage

186 The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile weapon deployed by many bacterial s

187 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a weapon of bacterial warfare and host cell sub

188 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread molecular weapon deployed by many

189 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an organelle that is structurally and mechanist

190 Type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important for bacterial competition through con

191 The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is used by many Gram-negative bacterial species to

192 ecently discovered type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in bacterial pathogens and used to d

193 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates antagonistic cell-cell interactions betwe

194 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria has been implicated in m

195 recognition by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria, a widespread pathway th

196 A type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to deliver cel

197 ompetitors via the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) precipitates phase separation via the 'Model A' un

198 bour genes for the type VI secretion system (T6SS) that translocates effectors into neighbouring euka

199 long sheath of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to deliver effectors into a target cell.

200 Bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill neighboring cells.

201 ocepacia employs a type VI secretion system (T6SS) to survive in macrophages by disarming Rho-type GT

202 e bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to translocate toxic effector proteins into adjace

203 s effectors of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) translocation apparatus; accordingly, we name thes

204 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) with diversified functions is widely distributed i

205 onism, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a multiprotein needle-like apparatus that injects

206 aumannii encodes a type VI secretion system (T6SS), an antibacterial apparatus of Gram-negative bacte

207 res (GA1-3) of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), an effector delivery pathway that mediates interb

208 n system (T2SS), a type VI secretion system (T6SS), autotransporter, and outer membrane vesicles (OMV

209 d component of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), binds dire

210 onism, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS), have not been defined in this group of organisms.

211 ks mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS), P1vir phage, and polymyxin B.

212 domonas aeruginosa type VI secretion system (T6SS).

213 addition being the type VI secretion system (T6SS).

214 and the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS).

215 -Cas element and a type VI secretion system (T6SS).

216 n of the cluster 5 type VI secretion system (T6SS-5) and its associated valine-glycine repeat protein

217 Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) enable bacteria to engage neighboring cells in con

218 s (T3SS), and six type VI secretion systems (T6SS).

219 been described: type six secretion systems (T6SS); contact dependent inhibition (CDI); and bacterioc

220 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are multiprotein complexes best studied in Gram-n

221 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are newly identified contractile nanomachines tha

222 d proteobacteria, type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are potentially capable of facilitating diverse i

223 O1 contains three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) called H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS.

224 aeruginosa three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) coexist, called H1- to H3-T6SSs.

225 Bacteria employ type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to facilitate interactions with prokaryotic and e

226 how that unlike the bacterial-cell-targeting T6SSs characterized so far, T6SS-5 localizes to the bact

227 umentation of cell-cell interactions (termed T6SS dueling) that likely mark the location of repeated

228 uch cell-cell interactions have been termed "T6SS dueling" and likely reflect a biological process th

229 We mathematically demonstrate that T6SS-mediated killing should favour the evolution of pub

230 We hypothesize that T6SS-dependent secreted effectors are co-regulated by Rp

231 Here, we show that T6SS dueling behavior strongly influences the ability of

232 We recently showed that T6SS loci are also widespread in symbiotic human gut bac

233 The T6SS apparatus is composed, in part, of an exterior shea

234 The T6SS core apparatus assembles from 13 proteins that form

235 The T6SS delivers multiple, diverse effector proteins direct

236 The T6SS displays similarities to bacteriophage tail, which

237 The T6SS is widespread among Gram-negative bacteria, mostly

238 The T6SS not only promotes V. cholerae's survival during its

239 The T6SS organelle is functionally analogous to contractile

240 osmoinduction of alginate synthesis and the T6SS, and resiliency of the T3SS to water limitation, su

241 ve model between the phage baseplate and the T6SS.

242 f effectors and immunity proteins around the T6SS core components.

243 The TssA1 ring complex binds the T6SS sheath and impacts its behaviour in vivo In the pha

244 t cell they happen to be delivered to by the T6SS apparatus.

245 Killing by the T6SS results from repetitive delivery of toxic effectors

246 work illustrates the twin role played by the T6SS, dealing death to local competitors while simultane

247 to directly targeting eukaryotic cells, the T6SS can also target other bacteria coinfecting a mammal

248 unity genes downstream of those encoding the T6SS structural machinery for effector delivery.

249 w that hsiE1 is a non-essential gene for the T6SS and suggest that HsiE1 may modulate incorporation o

250 indings to our developing picture of how the T6SS assembles and fires, how it is loaded with differen

251 l proteins that are primarily located in the T6SS genome neighborhood.

252 tial in the wild type but dispensable in the T6SS mutant.

253 structural and mechanistic insights into the T6SS and show that a phage sheathlike structure is likel

254 may modulate incorporation of HsiB1 into the T6SS.

255 At the architecture level, the T6SS core apparatus is composed of 13 proteins, which as

256 e core conserved secretion substrates of the T6SS and one subset of T6SS effectors consists of VgrG p

257 at corresponds to the point of attack of the T6SS apparatus elaborated by a second aggressive T6SS(+)

258 ue complex required for core function of the T6SS apparatus.

259 regarding the structure and function of the T6SS as well as the diverse signals and regulatory pathw

260 TssA1 could be a baseplate component of the T6SS Furthermore, we identified similarities between Tss

261 ws the phylogeny and biological roles of the T6SS in plant-associated bacteria, highlighting a remark

262 idespread occurrence and significance of the T6SS is becoming increasingly appreciated, as is its int

263 dvantages in planta and that the role of the T6SS is not restricted to virulence.

264 One key feature of the T6SS is the secretion of diverse effectors.

265 ian host, highlighting the importance of the T6SS not only for bacterial survival in environmental ec

266 Our results indicate a new model of the T6SS organelle in which the VgrG-PAAR spike complex is d

267 Neither the exact protein composition of the T6SS organelle nor the mechanisms of effector selection

268 w that these proteins sharpen the tip of the T6SS spike complex.

269 Expression of the T6SS varies among different strains of A. baumannii, for

270 Our atomic model of the T6SS will facilitate design of drugs targeting this high

271 frequent plasmid loss and activation of the T6SS.

272 al function, assembly, and regulation of the T6SS.

273 TssB) thus forming a novel subcomplex of the T6SS.

274 an as yet uncharacterized effector(s) of the T6SS.

275 that multivalent nanoparticles based on the T6SS sheath represent a versatile scaffold for vaccine a

276 pathway with specific cellular targets, the T6SS is subject to tight regulation.

277 gut in an Hcp1-dependent manner and that the T6SS antibacterial activity is essential for Salmonella

278 d pathogenic phytobacteria suggests that the T6SS provides fitness and colonization advantages in pla

279 nchial epithelial cells, indicating that the T6SS-5 is important in the host-pathogen interaction in

280 nity genes encoded in the 3' region of their T6SS clusters.

281 a of the order Bacteroidales, and that these T6SS loci segregate into three distinct genetic architec

282 This T6SS response was eliminated by disruption of Mpf struct

283 experimentally confirm the identity of this T6SS and, by cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM), show the

284 We demonstrate the assembly of this T6SS by IglA/IglB and secretion of its putative effector

285 imposes a concerted repression on all three T6SS clusters.

286 ve pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has three T6SSs involved in colonization, competition, and full vi

287 Together, T6SS can carry out different functions that may be impor

288 h induced soxS in E. coli expressing a toxic T6SS antibacterial effector and in E. coli treated with

289 In vitro, A. tumefaciens T6SS could kill Escherichia coli but triggered a lethal

290 Here, we report that two T6SS encoded valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) para

291 ore, we provide evidence that one of the two T6SS nanotube subunits, Hcp1, is required for killing Kl

292 otein that establishes contacts with the two T6SS sub-complexes through direct interactions with TssL

293 e identification of numerous uncharacterized T6SS effectors that will undoubtedly lead to the discove

294 s, we identified two previously unidentified T6SS effectors that contained a conserved motif.

295 Unlike T6SS and CDI systems, bacteriocins do not require contac

296 T6SS-active V. cholerae isolates, which use T6SS to target both bacterial competitors and eukaryotic

297 Here, we identified TecA, a non-VgrG T6SS effector responsible for actin disruption.

298 Our findings imply a potentially widespread T6SS-mediated mechanism, which deploys a single phosphol

299 T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1.

300 significantly reduced in cells infected with T6SS-defective mutants of B. cenocepacia, suggesting tha