ライフサイエンスコーパス: TFE

1 TFE also decreased the level of solubility of the peptid

2 TFE and ammonium perfluoro-octanoate exposures were high

3 TFE appears to induce the fibrils by stabilizing a beta-

4 TFE concentrations matching an alpha-helical content of

5 TFE increased the alpha-helical contribution of wild-typ

6 TFE operates via allosteric and direct mechanisms.

7 TFE unfolds VlsE at low percentages but promotes the for

8 TFE-fusion renal cell carcinomas (TFE-fusion RCCs) are c

9 TFE-induced conformational changes in the monomer protei

10 The addition of as little as 0.2% TFE increases aqueous spray stability not only in nESI d

11 Negative ion mode spray stability with 0.2% TFE is approximately 6x higher than for strictly aqueous

12 Upon addition of 0.2% TFE to the mobile phase of nLC/MS experiments, tryptic p

13 ert-butylphenyl, TFE-d(3) = CF(3)CD(2)OD) (2(TFE)) were determined.

14 Addition of methanol to solutions of 2(TFE) rapidly establishes equilibrium between methanol (2

15 vation kinetics were conducted by reacting 2(TFE)-(13)C with 300-1000 psi of methane in single-crysta

16 n methanol (2(MeOD)) and trifluoroethanol (2(TFE)) adducts, with methanol binding preferentially (K(e

17 Reaction of dimethyl ether with 2(TFE) proceeds similarly (K(eq) = 0.023 +/- 0.002, 313 K;

18 han Leu, Ile, and Val at 50 degrees C in 20% TFE.

19 be used to extrapolate the results from 25% TFE (approximately 4 M) back to water.

20 role in the mechanism of aggregation in 25% TFE, but also from mutations located in other regions.

21 propensity increases regularly from 0 to 25% TFE but levels off at higher TFE concentrations, which e

22 In 30% TFE, all analogs reached a maximal helical content of 80

23 107-111 are considerably more ordered in 30% TFE.

24 signments of monomeric pEAbeta (3-42) in 40% TFE solution.

25 studies of both peptides in saturating (43%) TFE reveal stable alpha-helices from Gly500 to Lys522, b

26 e disaggregation under milder conditions (5% TFE).

27 the sample to give a solution containing 5% TFE, the fraction of partially unfolded monomeric protei

28 rate of disaggregation of protofibrils in 5% TFE result not only from mutations situated in the regio

29 gh-resolution structures obtained with 50:50 TFE/water revealed that all three analogs display two he

30 +) in the presence of the CTAB than in a 50% TFE solution (K(d) = 3.1 x 10(-4) M in CTAB and 2.3 x 10

31 tion of extended structures in water and 50% TFE solutions.

32 dmol(-1), in water at 2 degrees C and in 50% TFE at 2 degrees C, respectively.

33 /- 2200 deg cm2 dmol(-1) in water and in 50% TFE at 2 degrees C.

34 [theta]222 for a 100% helix, NLEKG14 in 50% TFE at 25 degrees C was estimated to be 77% helix.

35 t thermal denaturation of the peptide in 50% TFE containing 1 mM Zn(2+) was associated with both enth

36 te calcium binding (K(d) = 170 microM in 50% TFE).

37 In 50% TFE, the peptide had a CD spectrum consistent with an al

38 of hydrogen exchange for the peptide in 50% TFE-d, are consistent with such a model, the maximum pro

39 aqueous buffers, and monomeric forms in 50% TFE.

40 dimensional 1H NMR studies of NLEKG14 in 50% TFE.

41 15)N- and (15)N/(13)C-labeled peptide in 50% TFE.

42 In 50% TFE/H(2)O, M2-30 assumed a beta-like structure.

43 Circular dichroism (CD) studies in 50% TFE/H2O revealed a predominantly helical conformation fo

44 In 90 % TFE, the beta-turn fraction is estimated to be about 75

45 are ordered to a significant extent in 90 % TFE.

46 d the same CD patterns as those found in 99% TFE/H(2)O.

47 ween spin labels located at i and i + 4 in a TFE/H(2)O mixture or a POPC bilayer is indicative of an

48 B(1)(T377-E416) peptide reconstituted into a TFE/H(2)O mixture or a POPC or DMPC bilayer were estimat

49 in the presence of the helix-inducing agent TFE.

50 ghest helix propensity at 0 degrees C in all TFE concentrations, it is lower than Leu, Ile, and Val a

51 Although TFE destabilizes native holomyoglobin, as well as native

52 enhancer-binding factors (LEF-1, Ets-1, and TFE-3).

53 uch as c-myb, members of the ets family, and TFE-III.

54 For cpn10, both MeOH and TFE additions govern initial unfolding; however, further

55 nt (kH) were measured on going from MeOH and TFE to isooctane (kH(isooctane)/kH(MeOH) = 5-12; kH(isoo

56 rillization kinetics depended on peptide and TFE concentrations, and had a nucleation step followed b

57 eptides form fibrils in aqueous solution and TFE disrupts these fibrils.

58 he higher reaction rates observed in TFA and TFE compared with CH2Cl2 arise from stabilization of the

59 d phylogenetic distribution of TBP, TFB, and TFE transcription factors, and

60 ater, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol(TFE)/water, and TFE/ethanol mixtures.

61 ated in water and fully populated in aqueous TFE.

62 entification of the beta-subunit of archaeal TFE enabled us to reconstruct the evolutionary history o

63 major role with strong HBD solvents such as TFE.

64 investigate the causal relationship between TFE-induced structural transitions and aggregation.

65 ees C in D2O and at room temperature in both TFE and H2O.

66 we introduce (19)F, in this case from bound TFE, as a new probe for the binding of small molecules t

67 The (19)F and (2)H ENDOR spectra of bound TFE together with (1,2)H ENDOR spectra of bound ethanol

68 Me)-C(Me)=NAr; Ar = 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, TFE-d(3) = CF(3)CD(2)OD) (2(TFE)) were determined.

69 e) C(Me) N Ar; Ar = 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl; TFE-d(3) = CF(3)CD(2)OD) were studied.

70 The residues most desolvated by TFE are the alanines located at position i - 4 in the se

71 of helix induced in the peptide fragments by TFE varied.

72 so give curves of helix formation induced by TFE at constant temperature, and the properties of these

73 e slow structural change of Con A induced by TFE provides a useful model system for study of protein

74 ic disorder that is substantially reduced by TFE, but a significant gradient in dynamics is observed,

75 ning of the RNAP clamp that is stimulated by TFE.

76 cular hydrogen bonds are not strengthened by TFE and that amide hydrogen bonds in the transition stat

77 TFE-fusion renal cell carcinomas (TFE-fusion RCCs) are caused by chromosomal translocation

78 of thermal unfolding curves in concentrated TFE solutions results from the decrease of the enthalpy

79 At low concentrations, TFE destabilizes the unfolded species and thereby indire

80 f a transcription activator, here designated TFE, that may be universally present in the Archaea.

81 During elongation, Spt4/5 can displace TFE from the RNAP elongation complex and stimulate proce

82 It does, however, displace TFE from the diiron site in H(mv).

83 tion factor B (TFB), transcription factor E (TFE) and the 12-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) from Metha

84 artially relieved by transcription factor E (TFE).

85 anisms of the basal transcription factors E (TFE) and Spt4/5 through conformational constraints has r

86 ts the results for the four peptides at each TFE concentration; only two of the basic helix-coil para

87 lculations indicate that the solvent, either TFE or HFIP, can stabilize the transition state through

88 ive to backbone fluctuations and that either TFE or calcium binding stabilizes the secondary structur

89 ) working electrodes: a thin-film electrode (TFE), a screen-printed electrode (SPE), and a microarray

90 it, via a through-fall exclusion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest.

91 The archaeal initiation factor TFE and its eukaryotic counterpart TFIIE facilitate this

92 nd also subunit E and a transcription factor TFE that co-purifies with RNAP from wild-type cells, but

93 ctions with the general transcription factor TFE, as well as with the transcriptional activator Ptr2.

94 nated alcohol varied from 53:47 to 87:13 for TFE, 60:40 to 92:8 for HFP, and 52:48 to 73:27 for PFTB.

95 emained unchanged ( approximately 40:60) for TFE and for PFTB over the range of 25-250 molar equiv.

96 xposure matrix (1950-2002) was developed for TFE and ammonium perfluoro-octanoate, a chemical used in

97 such a term greatly improves the fitting for TFE, MeCN/H(2)O 2:1, and MeOH but at the expense of that

98 rmylphenylalanine trifluoroethyl ester (fPhe-TFE) represents an improvement over earlier model reacti

99 ncatalyzed reaction of glycinamide with fPhe-TFE proceeds with a second-order rate constant of 3 x 10

100 he helix-forming properties of peptides from TFE/H2O mixtures (TFE = 2,2, 2-trifluoroethanol) back to

101 On the other hand, TFE destabilizes native proteins, as we confirm here, pr

102 a highly alpha-helical conformation at high TFE and hexafluoro-2-propanol concentrations.

103 a highly alpha-helical conformation at high [TFE].

104 y from 0 to 25% TFE but levels off at higher TFE concentrations, which explains why the extent of hel

105 nthalpy change for helix unfolding at higher TFE concentrations.

106 TFIIE and the archaeal homolog TFE enhance DNA strand separation of eukaryotic RNAPII a

107 However, TFE is unable to promote the propagation of helix beyond

108 In TFE, apoA-V(296-343) adopts an extended amphipathic alph

109 In TFE, MeCN/H(2)O 2:1, and MeOH, the measured k(H) values

110 MR studies performed on elbow and elbow-A in TFE indicate that the helical structure is confined to t

111 Con A in TFE provides an example of an intermediate with non-nati

112 clude that initiation of EGFP aggregation in TFE likely involves overcoming of multiple protective fa

113 -residue peptides in aqueous solution and in TFE/water mixtures.

114 water, but Ser2 affects the conformation in TFE-rich solution in much the same way as Ser5-->Ala sub

115 ent in water and affects the conformation in TFE-rich solutions.

116 reover, the increase in the rate constant in TFE is consistent with the observed decrease in donor-ac

117 lical structures in the peptide fragments in TFE was correlated with the observation of turn and/or h

118 gment with the highest degree of helicity in TFE corresponded with the single (alpha-helix in native

119 ing with beta-strand 1 did not form helix in TFE.

120 3.1 x 10(-4) M in CTAB and 2.3 x 10(-4) M in TFE).

121 mpound, salicylic acid, has been measured in TFE/H2O mixtures from the pKa difference between salicyl

122 elix in the D-helix region of the peptide in TFE.

123 the increase in average helix propensity in TFE/H2O mixtures.

124 of different solvents (e.g., 99.6% ee (R) in TFE vs 71.2% ee (S) in methyl ethyl ketone).

125 ed in the C-terminal sequence is retained in TFE.

126 hat helix formation is basically the same in TFE/H2O mixtures as in water.

127 e peptides show an increase in beta-sheet in TFE, a known inducer of alpha-helices, relative to that

128 asing entropic costs of protein solvation in TFE-water mixtures may both cause the population of the

129 The CD spectrum in TFE shows an increase in the proportion of helix, to an

130 sed propensity to form helical structures in TFE also failed to stimulate I(SC).

131 of hydrogen bond strength versus increasing TFE concentration matches both in shape and magnitude th

132 isooctane)/kH(MeOH) = 5-12; kH(isooctane)/kH(TFE) > 80).

133 m with the natively disordered state at low [TFE] and with a highly alpha-helical conformation at hig

134 e microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family, are similarly regulated during mitophagy.

135 Up-regulation of MiT/TFE genes in cells and tissues from patients and murine

136 We found that MiT/TFE transcription factors-master regulators of lysosomal

137 global metabolite profiling reveals that MiT/TFE-dependent autophagy-lysosome activation is specifica

138 and nutrient scavenging, mediated by the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors.

139 These results identify the MiT/TFE proteins as master regulators of metabolic reprogram

140 In human PDA cells, the MiT/TFE proteins--MITF, TFE3 and TFEB--are decoupled from re

141 results illuminate a pathway leading to MiT/TFE transcription factor activation, distinct from starv

142 suggesting cross talk between these two MiT/TFE activation pathways.

143 1 required for a direct interaction of MITF-TFE factors and E-box 2 for binding of the as yet uniden

144 cently demonstrated that members of the MITF-TFE family modulate BEST1 transcription.

145 e suggest that VMD2 is regulated by the MITF-TFE family through two E-boxes, with E-box 1 required fo

146 ive activation of TFEB, a member of the MITF/TFE family of transcription factors.

147 roperties of peptides from TFE/H2O mixtures (TFE = 2,2, 2-trifluoroethanol) back to water, the therma

148 e lysozyme and ribonuclease A, nevertheless, TFE stabilizes native apomyoglobin.

149 Deacylations with Li+ -OCH2CF3/TFE proceed at ambient temperature (or with mild heating

150 ter-directed transcription in the absence of TFE, which alleviates this effect by displacing Spt4/5 f

151 erminus, both in the presence and absence of TFE.

152 for Abeta fibril formation in the absence of TFE.

153 ibrils in aqueous solution in the absence of TFE.

154 brium CD results show that, upon addition of TFE, low-concentration Con A transforms to a highly alph

155 a-structure, whereas subsequent additions of TFE induce a superhelical structure.

156 As the amount of TFE is increased above 20%, helix content progressively

157 With increasing concentrations of TFE a cooperative transition to an extensively helical c

158 Moreover, low concentrations of TFE compensate for helix-destabilizing mutations in the

159 s the rate of folding, low concentrations of TFE increase the rate of folding.

160 Low concentrations of TFE strongly stabilize the pH 4 folding intermediate.

161 In the presence of low concentrations of TFE, fibril formation is observed in Abeta samples at na

162 Displacement of TFE by a C-H bond appears to be the rate-determining ste

163 mine whether the helix-stabilizing effect of TFE arises from strengthening the hydrogen bonds in the

164 We ask which effect of TFE dominates in this case: strengthening helices or wea

165 que well suited for addressing the effect of TFE on polypeptide conformation.

166 hobic interaction, is the dominant effect of TFE on the folding intermediate.

167 o the DEs (1 or 2) in over 25 molar equiv of TFE occurred highly stereoselectively to afford only cis

168 r, we report the IR spectra as a function of TFE concentration for an alanine-rich peptide based on t

169 s to reconstruct the evolutionary history of TFE/TFIIE-like factors, which is characterised by winged

170 ysical studies have revealed the position of TFE/TFIIE within the pre-initiation complex (PIC) and il

171 ion of 2D NMR experiments in the presence of TFE or DPC micelles, complete 1H NMR assignments of the

172 ecise residues desolvated in the presence of TFE were identified.

173 pendent of the ionic strength or presence of TFE, as judged by FTIR.

174 D) to analyze the CD data in the presence of TFE, by fully assigning the unbound IA(3) protein by NMR

175 (3) become more dispersed in the presence of TFE, indicating that the protein undergoes an unstructur

176 to structured transition in the presence of TFE.

177 ndergo additional folding in the presence of TFE.

178 f acylphosphatase by monitoring the range of TFE concentrations that result in aggregation.

179 Our results support the use of TFE as an empirical probe of hidden structural propensit

180 a linear dependence of ln <w> and DeltaH on TFE molarity can be used to extrapolate the results from

181 zene) with SmI(2) in the presence of MeOH or TFE was studied.

182 ially alter the CTD conformation in water or TFE.

183 ere measured between 0 and 50 volume percent TFE and were fitted to the modified Lifson-Roig theory.

184 arrows the range of uncertainty on potential TFE carcinogenicity but cannot conclusively confirm or r

185 V-1 templates with the E box-binding protein TFE-3.

186 , methanol, and dimethyl ether by [(N-N)PtMe(TFE-d(3))](+) ((N-N) = ArN=C(Me)-C(Me)=NAr; Ar = 3,5-di-

187 Rather, TFE increases the structure of the binary alcohol/water

188 alpha-helix in the 25-mer even in saturating TFE.

189 Secondly, TFE binds physically to single-stranded DNA in the trans

190 In the presence of the organic solvent TFE, the conformation of the pentamer changes from PII t

191 benzene substitution proceeds by a solvent (TFE)-assisted associative pathway.

192 Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), a compound used for the production of fluorinated

193 uoroethylene (CTFE) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) were determined in the temperature range 240-340 de

194 In TFA/TFE mixtures, 2 and 3 are in equilibrium with a slight t

195 mplex, consisting of promoter DNA, TBP, TFB, TFE, and RNAP.

196 s, is important in promoter opening and that TFE can compensate for defects in the N terminus through

197 The IR spectra confirm that TFE desolvates the helical state of the peptide to a gre

198 sively confirm or refute the hypothesis that TFE is carcinogenic to humans.

199 uncation mutant alphaS1-102, indicating that TFE-induced structural transitions involve the N terminu

200 We propose that TFE and the bacterial general transcription factor CarD,

201 Several recent papers have proposed that TFE acts by selectively desolvating the peptide backbone

202 The TFE effect is concentration dependent and is maximal at

203 able than that in the shorter peptide as the TFE concentration increases.

204 g site with few intermolecular contacts, the TFE-inducible alphaB motif is deeply engaged in a hydrop

205 Current density was lowest for the TFE and SPE surfaces (linear diffusion), higher for the

206 ensive secondary structure is present in the TFE-denatured state but not in the protein denatured in

207 f dark respiration (Rd ) was elevated in the TFE-treated forest trees relative to the control by 28.2

208 The interaction sites of the TFE WH domain and the transcription elongation factor Sp

209 We have localized the position of the TFE winged helix (WH) and Zinc ribbon (ZR) domains on th

210 ) to elucidate both the main features of the TFE-driven transition and the residue-level deviations f

211 ly helical intermediate is on-pathway to the TFE-induced formation of both the highly helical monomer

212 TFE fibrils is strongly correlated with the TFE-induced formation of a monomeric, partly helical int

213 tates upon association with membranes, these TFE-induced conformations imply relevant pathways for me

214 We find that efficient production of these TFE fibrils is strongly correlated with the TFE-induced

215 This TFE-induced fibrillization is quite unusual, because mos

216 In contrast to TFE, the conformational transition of the 1-500 fragment

217 Among 4,773 workers ever exposed to TFE, we found a lower rate of death from most causes, as

218 d trend (P = 0.24) by cumulative exposure to TFE was observed for liver cancer.

219 Detergent micelles were superior to TFE in their ability to induce secondary structural frac

220 Trifluoroethanol (TFE) stabilized a native-like beta-turn in BH(9-10).

221 Trifluoroethanol (TFE) stabilized the secondary structure of the apoE CT d

222 nding of ethanol and 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol (TFE) to both the H(mv) and H(ox) forms of soluble methan

223 egation in 25% (v/v) 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol (TFE) are different from those that promote disaggregatio

224 cilitated by solvent 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) acting as a proton shuttle.

225 opropanol (HFIP) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as reaction media is described.

226 ow concentrations of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) convert predominately unstructured Abeta monomers i

227 formed in 60% (v/v) 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) has been studied using hydrogen exchange pulse labe

228 solutions containing 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) have shown that the formation of structural interme

229 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) is known to stabilize peptide helices by strengthen

230 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) is widely used to induce helix formation in peptide

231 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) most stabilizes the alpha-helix-like conformations,

232 1 x 2 (CF3CH2O-) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or lithium trifluoroethoxide/TFE.

233 in water and in 23% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) shows that the individual residue cross peaks of IA

234 queous buffer and in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) using CD and NMR spectroscopy.

235 n in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), a solvent known to stabilize hydrogen bonds within

236 osolvents, including 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), on the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding of t

237 , residues 20-29) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE).

238 ylbenzene (tBuPh) to 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE).

239 v) concentrations of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE).

240 solvent system (40% 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water), which gave the largest structural differenc

241 In the presence of 25% trifluoroethanol (TFE), the helicity of the peptide is 80% and the kobs in

242 pha-helical content in 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE) or in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, which m

243 ed to the structure in 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE), and clear differences were observed.

244 ndary structure, while 40% trifluoroethanol (TFE) induces >90% helicity and is unperturbed by the spi

245 dered but inducible in 40% trifluoroethanol (TFE).

246 duced by dissolving in 50% trifluoroethanol (TFE) were monitored at neutral and low pH by far- and ne

247 mation in water and in 50% trifluoroethanol (TFE).

248 econdary structures in 99% trifluoroethanol (TFE)/H(2)O.

249 n the fluorinated alcohols trifluoroethanol (TFE), hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP), and perfluoro-tert-bu

250 mation in both aqueous and trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions.

251 uoroisopropanol (HFIP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE), to activate the electron-deficient heterocyclic az

252 oluble in SDS micelles and trifluoroethanol (TFE).

253 ich conformation driven by trifluoroethanol (TFE).

254 ueous solutions containing trifluoroethanol (TFE).

255 lar dichroism (CD) in H2O, trifluoroethanol (TFE), and SDS micelles confirmed the importance of the a

256 dichroism (CD) spectra in trifluoroethanol (TFE) solution are obtained.

257 In trifluoroethanol (TFE), Au(OAc(F))(CH2CH2OCH2CF3)(tpy) (3) is formed as th

258 We describe a novel trifluoroethanol (TFE) or hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP) mediated substitutio

259 as well as the ability of trifluoroethanol (TFE) and detergent systems to induce secondary structure

260 ns, and in the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles.

261 mode by trace addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE) to aqueous samples.

262 d in vitro, by addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE), into amyloid fibrils of the type observed in a ran

263 moderate concentrations of trifluoroethanol (TFE), or because of the appearance of a highly alpha-hel

264 Upon addition of trifluoroethanol (TFE), significant shifts are observed in a number of res

265 ide (TMAO) and the solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE).

266 of the helicogenic solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE).

267 gen bond-promoting solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE).

268 the lipid mimetic solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE; 50% v/v).

269 the presence of 25% (v/v) trifluoroethanol (TFE) AcP undergoes partial unfolding and globular aggreg

270 In 30 vol-% trifluoroethanol (TFE), a single continuous helix is evident in a signific

271 acid chlorides in 97% w/w trifluoroethanol (TFE)-water spanning over 10 (9) in rate constant at 25 d

272 sured by using CD in water/trifluoroethanol (TFE) mixtures.

273 namic simulations in water/trifluoroethanol (TFE) mixtures.

274 YGR, in water and in water/trifluoroethanol (TFE).

275 ses in acetone/water, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol(TFE)/water, and TFE/ethanol mixtures.

276 OH) and fluorinated (i.e., trifluoroethanol, TFE) alcohols on the secondary structure and thermodynam

277 roethanol (TFE) or lithium trifluoroethoxide/TFE.

278 shed new light on the mechanisms underlying TFE-fusion RCCs and suggest a possible therapeutic strat

279 aximum of approximately 55% helix at 50% v/v TFE, corresponding to approximately 100% helix in the D-

280 n kinetic behavior upon addition of 5% (v/v) TFE indicates that it stabilizes the transition state to

281 ta (1-42), we started our studies in various TFE-water mixtures and found striking differences betwee

282 ns where the peptides are most folded (water/TFE, 5 degrees C), tau(ex) values for all residues in ea

283 oism and by 2D-NMR in the presence of water; TFE/water; SDS micelles; and in the presence of both neu

284 Thus, the mechanism by which TFE exerts its helix-stabilizing effects can be divorced

285 circular dichroism data to a model in which TFE-water mixtures are assumed to be ideal solutions, we

286 We also found that while TFE induces more alpha-helices, it favors multiple, shor

287 is latter intermediate at -78 degrees C with TFE occurs selectively at the vinyl CH(2) closer to the

288 rring after rapid mixing of the protein with TFE.

289 nfolding the helix, are allowed to vary with TFE molarity.